Magnetic Field Intensity Modification to Force Free Model of Magnetic Clouds: Website of Wind Examples From Launch to July of 2015

We describe a new NASA website that shows normalized magnetic field (B) magnitude profiles within Wind magnetic clouds (MCs) (i.e., observations versus basic model versus modified model) for 209 MCs observed from launch in late 1994 to July of 2015, where model modification is based on the studies of Lepping et al. (Solar Phys, 2017, 292:27) and Lepping et al. (Solar Phys, 2018, 293:162); the basic force free magnetic cloud parameter fitting model employing Bessel functions (Lepping et al., J. Geophys. Res., 1990, 95:11957) is called the LJB model here. The fundamental principles should be applicable to the B-data from any spacecraft at 1 AU. Earlier (in the LJB study), we justified why the field magnitude can be thought of as decoupled from the field direction within an MC, and further, we justified this idea in terms of actual observations seen over a few decades with examples of MCs from Wind data. The model modification is achieved by adding a correction (“Quad”) value to the LJB model (Bessel function) value in the following manner: B (est)/B0 ≈ [LJB Model + Quad (CA,u)], where B0 is the LJB-estimated field magnitude value on the MC’s axis, CA is the relative closest approach (See Supplementary Appendix A), and u is the distance that the spacecraft travels through the MC from its entrance point. In an average sense, the Quad technique is shown to be successful for 82% of the past modeled MCs, when Quality (Q0) is good or excellent (see Supplementary Appendix A). The Quad technique is successful for 78% of MCs when all cases are considered. So Q0 of the MC LJB-fit is not a big factor when the success of the Quad scheme is considered. In addition, it is found that the Quad technique does not work better for MC events with higher solar wind speed. Yearly occurrence frequency of all MC events (NYearly) and those MC events with ΔσN/σN2 ≥ 0.5 (NΔσN/σN2≥0.5) are well correlated, but there is no solar cycle dependence for normalizing NΔσN/σN2≥0.5 with NYearly.

AI Based Gravity Compensation Algorithm and Simulation of Load End of Robotic Arm Wrist Force

With the rapid development of mechatronics and robotics technology, the application of robots has been extended from the industrial field to daily life and has become an indispensable part of work and daily life. The accuracy and flexibility of the operator determine the operating efficiency of the robot. Although the level of development of the operator is constantly improving, the traditional operator has a simple structure and generally adopts parallel movement or tightening. The holding structure has poor flexibility and stability, making it difficult to achieve precise position capture and control and cannot meet the requirements of delicate tasks. In this paper, a basic force analysis of the manipulator is carried out, and the change trend of the force and driving force of each joint when the manipulator is grasping objects is obtained, so as to determine that the manipulator can grasp the object stably; then, in the strength analysis of the manipulator, it is determined that the material meets the strength requirements. This paper conducts an output voltage experiment on the static performance and coupling error of the mechanical arm wrist force sensor. Secondly, in order to study the influence of the temperature change in the space environment on the zero-point output of the mechanical arm sensor, a high and low temperature test box are used to simulate the temperature brought by the temperature change to the sensor. Experiments show that the maximum coupling error of the sensor is 1.81%, which is less than 2% of the design index. This indicates that the operator sensor is used to detect the force and torque that the space operator’s edge operator experiences when it interacts with the external environment and provides the necessary power sensing information for power control and compatible operator motion control, completing some complex; the Fine project is an important prerequisite for realizing the intelligence of space operators.

Study of the Ca2Fe2O5 Perovskite Synthesis from Waste Sources and Application as Heterogeneous Catalyst For Biodiesel Production

The use of chicken eggshells and ferrous metal waste were evaluated as feedstock for the synthesis of Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite. The solid Ca2Fe2O5 obtained was applied as heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil with methanol for biodiesel production. The calcium ferrite (Ca2Fe2O5) obtained from waste materials was formed at temperatures above 898 K and its basic force was very similar to that one presented in the same structure obtained using high-purity reagents. The formation of the Ca2Fe2O5/CaO system occurred for both catalysts at higher temperatures. The catalysts Ca2Fe2O5lab and Ca2Fe2O5res presented the same basic strength, 0.469 and 0.473 mmol/g, respectively. This fact indicates that both cata- lysts have similar structures even though they were prepared with very different origins of reagents. Besides that, the residual Ca2Fe2O5 perovskite showed a good catalytic performance in the transesterification reaction. The transesterification reaction led to yields of biodiesel greater than 80 %, at 333 K, methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1 and 10 h of batch reaction.

A Comparative Analysis of Forming Railway Axles in 3- and 4-Roll Rolling Mills

The paper presents a comparative analysis of skew rolling in 3- and 4-roll CNC rolling mills. The analysis is performed using the FEM-based commercial simulation software Simufact.Forming. The formation of both solid and hollow railway axles is analyzed. Distributions of effective strain, temperature and damage criterion in rolled axles are determined, and loads and torques acting on the tools during rolling are estimated. An innovative concept of calibrating hollow axles by the rotary compression technique developed at the Lublin University of Technology is presented. Experimental tests of rolling solid axles in a 3-roll rolling mill (in a scale of 1:5) are performed, and basic force parameters of the rolling process are measured. Numerical and experimental loads and torques show a high agreement in terms of both quality and quantity.

Mengaplikasikan Integritas Gembala Jemaat menurut Surat-surat Penggembalaan

Integrity is a quality of character that must be possessed by every pastor. that is the quality of the character which is not blameworthy lives according to the word and does not sacrifice the right principles when under pressure. In the pastoral letters of the Apostle, Paul gives a reference and at the same time firmness to the pastors of the church who carry out his pastoral service. The purpose of this article is how pastors apply the concept of integrity in service according to the Pastoral Epistles. With a qualitative approach, this study applies a descriptive method to the pastors of the Pentecostal Church assembly in Indonesia in the Nabire area of the city. The conclusion is, integrity is really very important for a pastor because it is a basic force in a pastor's ministry. The value of a ministry is not determined by the high level of education or the many hours of flying in the ministry, but by the integrity of a pastor's church. AbstrakIntegritas adalah kualitas karakter yang harus dimiliki oleh setiap gembala jemaat. yaitu kualitas karakter yang tidak tercela, hidup sesuai dengan perkataan, dan tidak mengorbankan prinsip yang benar saat berada di bawah tekanan. Dalam surat-surat penggembalaan Rasul Paulus memberikan acuan dan sekaligus ketegasan terhadap para gembala jemaat yang menjalankan pelayanan penggembalaannya. Tujuan dari artikel ini adalah bagaimana para gembala mengaplikasikan konsep integritas dalam pelayanan menurut Surat-surat penggembalaan. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif, penelitian ini menerapkan metode deskriptif pada gembala-gembala sidang Gereja Pantekosta di Indonesia di wilayah Nabire kota. Kesimpulannya adalah, integritas sungguh sangat penting bagi seorang gembala jemaat, karena merupakan kekuatan dasar dalam pelayanan seorang gembala. Nilai dari sebuah pelayanan tidak ditentukan oleh tingginya pendidikan semata atau banyaknya jam terbang dalam pelayanan, melainkan oleh integritas diri seorang gembala jemaat.

Determination of the Basic Force-Displacement on the Top in the Case of the Structure with Reinforced Concrete Frames P+6

The theme of the paper is to design the capacity of a P + 6E construction with reinforced concrete frame structure and determination of the basic force-displacement on the top. Drawing the cutting force - the displacement at the top requires a non-linear bias of the pushover type. The non-linear static calculation is used in the displacement-based design methodology, in which lateral displacements are considered the main parameter for characterizing the seismic response of the structures.

Commands in Zenzontepec Chatino (Otomanguean)

This chapter presents Zenzontepec Chatino (Otomanguean, Zapotecan) data from naturally occurring discourse and describes the linguistic resources that speakers draw from to express a wide range of command types. Canonical imperatives, addressee-directed commands of basic force, are morphologically complex and display many forms for one category, determined by the inflectional class of the verb. In contrast, all non-canonical directives, those targeting first or third persons or the negative second person directives, are formally simple, all being expressed with Potential Mood inflection (one category for many functions). The full range of command forms and strategies is a reflection of Zenzontepec Chatino grammar more broadly, which has idiosyncratic and prodigiously complex inflectional morphology but formally simple and fluid syntax in discourse. The Imperative Mood category has been previously little studied in Zapotecan languages, and it offers insight into other aspects of the inflectional system and its history.

A Wearable Robotic Device Based on Twisted String Actuation for Rehabilitation and Assistive Applications

The preliminary experimental study toward the implementation of an arm rehabilitation device based on a twisted string actuation module is presented. The actuation module is characterized by an integrated force sensor based on optoelectronic components. The adopted actuation system can be used for a wide set of robotic applications and is particularly suited for very compact, light-weight, and wearable robotic devices, such as wearable rehabilitation systems and exoskeletons. Thorough presentation and description of the proposed actuation module as well as the basic force sensor working principle are illustrated and discussed. A conceptual design of a wearable arm assistive system based on the proposed actuation module is presented. Moreover, the actuation module has been used in a simple assistive application, in which surface-electromyography signals are used to detect muscle activity of the user wearing the system and to regulate the support action provided to the user to reduce his effort, showing in this way the effectiveness of the approach.

The Convergence of Manufacturing and Service Technologies: A Patent Analysis Approach

Active technological convergence of manufacturing industries and service industries has been emerged as a core and essential phenomenon for recent business environment. Technology convergence has already been the basic force behind the both product innovation and service innovation, changing the ways in which firms interact with their customers. Despite the gravity, there has been limited approach to investigate the technological convergence of manufacturing technologies and service technologies from the empirical perspective. In response, this paper aims to investigate technological convergence between manufacturing technology and service technology using patent analysis. For this purpose, we define the service technology and manufacturing technology. Following on this, we analyze the USPC classification of those technologies to analyze the technological convergence. To investigate the dynamic change of convergence, 10-year-dyanamics are observed. As case studies, three industries which show high level of technological convergence of manufacturing and service - banking, healthcare, and education industries are selected and analyzed in detail.