scholarly journals Examining differences in suicidality between and within mental health disorders and sexual identity among adults in the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-654
Author(s):  
David Adzrago ◽  
◽  
Ikponmwosa Osaghae ◽  
Nnenna Ananaba ◽  
Sylvia Ayieko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Suicidal Plans ◽  
Major Depressive Episodes

<abstract><sec> <title>Background</title> <p>Suicide is a leading but preventable cause of death and is preceded by domains of thoughts, plans, and attempts. We assessed the prevalence of suicidality domains and determined the association of suicidality domains with sexual identity, mental health disorder symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Methods</title> <p>We used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data to perform weighted multivariable logistic regression and margins analyses to examine between and within-group differences in suicidality by sexual identity among adults aged ≥ 18 years.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Results</title> <p>About 4.89%, 1.37%, and 0.56% of the population experienced suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts, respectively. Those aged 18–25 years old had a higher odds of suicidality compared to those aged 26 years or older. Compared to those who reported having no alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and major depressive episodes (MDEs), those who reported alcohol use dependence, illicit drug use dependence, and MDE had higher odds of suicidal thoughts, plans, and attempts. Between all sexual identity groups, bisexuals who experienced MDEs had the highest probability of having suicidal thoughts while lesbians and gays who experienced MDE showed a higher probability of suicidal plans and attempts compared to heterosexuals. Within each sexual identity group, the probability of having suicidal thoughts, suicidal plans, and suicidal attempts was higher for those who had experienced MDEs compared to those who had not experienced MDEs.</p> </sec><sec> <title>Conclusion</title> <p>Substance use disorder and MDE symptoms were associated with increased suicidality, especially among young adults and sexual minority people. This disparity underscores the need for tailored interventions and policies to enhance the provision of prompt mental health screening, diagnosis, and linkage to care for mental health services, particularly among the most vulnerable in the population.</p> </sec></abstract>

scholarly journals Does parental permissiveness toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use influence illicit drug use among adolescents? A longitudinal study in seven European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emina Mehanović ◽  
Federica Vigna-Taglianti ◽  
Fabrizio Faggiano ◽  
Maria Rosaria Galanti ◽  
Barbara Zunino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Adolescents’ perceptions of parental norms may influence their substance use. The relationship between parental norms toward cigarette and alcohol use, and the use of illicit substances among their adolescent children is not sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze this relationship, including gender differences, using longitudinal data from a large population-based study. Methods The present study analyzed longitudinal data from 3171 12- to 14-year-old students in 7 European countries allocated to the control arm of the European Drug Addiction Prevention trial. The impact of parental permissiveness toward cigarettes and alcohol use reported by the students at baseline on illicit drug use at 6-month follow-up was analyzed through multilevel logistic regression models, stratified by gender. Whether adolescents’ own use of cigarette and alcohol mediated the association between parental norms and illicit drug use was tested through mediation models. Results Parental permissive norms toward cigarette smoking and alcohol use at baseline predicted adolescents’ illicit drug use at follow-up. The association was stronger among boys than among girls and was mediated by adolescents’ own cigarette and alcohol use. Conclusion Perceived parental permissiveness toward the use of legal drugs predicted adolescents’ use of illicit drugs, especially among boys. Parents should be made aware of the importance of norm setting, and supported in conveying clear messages of disapproval of all substances.

Racial and ethnic trends in illicit drug use and binge drinking among adolescent and young adult offenders in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G. Vaughn ◽  
Christopher P. Salas-Wright ◽  
David Cordova ◽  
Erik J. Nelson ◽  
Lisa Jaegers
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult

Khat Use is Associated with Tobacco, Alcohol, and Illicit Drug Use: A Cross-Sectional Examination in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Nakajima ◽  
Kalkidan Molla ◽  
Brook Belachew ◽  
Abduselam Mohammed ◽  
Abdikadir Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Khat Use

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Alcohol Misuse and Illicit Drug Use Among Young People Aged 15–24 Years in Fishing Communities in Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica O. Kuteesa ◽  
Helen A. Weiss ◽  
Sarah Cook ◽  
Janet Seeley ◽  
Josephine N. Ssentongo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Young People ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Alcohol Misuse ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Low Education

Background: We determined the prevalence of and risk factors for alcohol misuse and illicit drug use among young Ugandans in fishing communities, a recognised “key population” for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey among young people (15–24 years) in fishing communities in Koome, Uganda, in December 2017–July 2018. Using Audio-Assisted Self-Interviewing, we collected data on socio-demographic characteristics and alcohol use, including the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and timeline follow-back calendar (TLFB). Blood samples were analysed for HIV, herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2), and Phosphatidyl ethanol (PEth 16:0/18:1). Urine samples were analysed for illicit drugs. Results: Among 1281 participants (52.7% male, mean age 20 years), 659 (51.4%) reported ever drinking alcohol, 248 (19.4%) had 12-month-AUDIT ≥ 8, and 261 (20.5%) had whole-blood PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration ≥ 20 ng/mL, indicating significant consumption. In multivariable analyses, PEth 16:0/18:1 ≥ 20ng/mL, AUDIT ≥ 8 and binge drinking (≥6 standard drinks per drinking occasion in the previous month from TLFB) were all strongly associated with older age, low education, smoking, and HSV2. Illicit drug use prevalence was 5.2% and was associated with older age, low education, being single, and smoking. Conclusion: Levels of alcohol misuse were high among young people in fishing communities and associated with HSV2, a proxy for risky sexual behaviour. Alcohol and illicit drug harm reduction services and HIV prevention programs in Uganda should prioritise young fisherfolk.

scholarly journals In-Hospital Illicit Drug Use and Patient-Directed Discharge: Barriers to Care for Patients With Injection-Related Infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen F Eaton ◽  
Andrew O Westfall ◽  
Brandi McClesky ◽  
Cayce S Paddock ◽  
Peter S Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Medical Advice ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Against Medical Advice ◽  
Persons Who Inject Drugs

Abstract Background Hospitalized persons who inject drugs are at a greater risk of adverse hospital outcomes including discharge against medical advice, inpatient illicit drug use, overdose, and death. However, there are limited data on the frequency and outcomes of these events in the United States. Methods This retrospective analysis included patients with injection-related infections receiving a protocol for injection drug use (IDU) at University of Alabama at Birmingham Hospital from 2016 to 2017. In-hospital IDU was suspected or reported drug usage plus confirmatory drug screen, and documented discharges “against medical advice” were deemed patient-directed discharges (PDD). We analyzed the frequency of and associations between in-hospital IDU, PDD, 30-day readmission, and deaths (between 2016 and 2019) using McNemar’s tests. Logistic regression models evaluated the association between PDD, in-hospital IDU, readmission, and death. Results Overall, 83 patients met inclusion criteria: 28 (34%) with in-hospital IDU, 12 (14%) PDD, 9 (11%) died, and 12 (14%) 30-day readmission. In-hospital IDU was significantly associated with PDD (P = .003), 30-day readmission (P = .005), and death (P = .0003). Patient-directed discharges and 30-day readmission were not significantly associated with death nor with each other. Conclusions In a cohort of patients receiving inpatient care for injection-related infections, illicit drug use, PDD, 30-day readmissions, and death were common. Furthermore, patients who use illicit drugs while hospitalized are significantly more likely to leave early, be readmitted, and/or die. We must design models of care that prevent adverse outcomes, including drug use and PDD, to reduce barriers to evidence-based treatment of infections.

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