scholarly journals Analiza pojedinih statističkih pokazatelja učinkovitosti hrvatskog građanskog pravosuđa

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 533-566
Author(s):  
Marko Mećar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lower Efficiency ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Disposition Time

The intention of this paper is to provide an analysis of certain statistical indicators regarding the efficiency of the Croatian civil judiciary, since efficiency is one of the most important aspects of the judiciary. After a brief overview of different statistical indicators which may be used to measure the efficiency of the judiciary, this paper focuses on the analysis of the statistical indicators disposition time (hereinafter: DT) and clearance rate (hereinafter: CR), used by the European Commission for the Efficiency of Justice (hereinafter: CEPEJ) and the statistical indicators regarding the number of unresolved cases, the number of judges and the number of resolved cases per judge published by the ministry competent for the judiciary. Although CEPEJ’s statistical indicators should be used cautiously due to methodological inconsistencies in the data, the paper concludes that these statistical indicators are useful to the extent that they can point to structural flaws in the judiciary system or can point to a trend of rise or decline in the judiciary’s efficiency. The central part of the paper focuses on the analysis of the DT and CR statistical indicators for the Croatian judiciary in general and compares it to the DT and CR statistical indicators for the judiciaries in other EU Member States. Further, the paper analyzes the statistical data published by the ministry competent for the judiciary regarding the number of unresolved cases, the number of judges and the number of resolved cases per judge, drawing conclusions therefrom on the efficiency of different parts of the Croatian judiciary. Also, historical statistical data published by the ministry competent for the judiciary are analyzed to show whether systematic problems in efficiency of concrete parts of the judiciary exist, as opposed to short-term efficiency shortfalls. The paper also highlights the lack of adequate, publicly available statistical data on the efficiency of the judiciary which limits the possibility of reaching a conclusion on the causes for such lower efficiency. The paper concludes that, taking into consideration the publicly available data, it is possible to reach conclusions as to which parts of the judiciary have lower efficiency, those being litigation procedures, especially before first instance municipal courts. However, there are no publicly available data that would show the causes for the lower efficiency of these parts of the judiciary, even though public authorities have means at their disposal to obtain and publish such relevant data. Such practice by public authorities hinders further efforts of the interested public to focus the discussion on the real causes for the lower efficiency of the Croatian judiciary and ultimately, on the necessary reforms aimed at increasing its efficiency.

scholarly journals Long-Term Borrowing and Intergenerational Redistribution of Public Debt. The Case of Central and Eastern EU Member States

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Tomasz Uryszek
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Central ◽  
Intergenerational Redistribution

AbstractThe paper analyses the burden on the future generation resulting from the need to repay public debt in Central and Eastern EU Member States. The main theme is accompanied by the following research hypothesis: imbalance in public finances makes public authorities use long-term government securities more intensely. The hypothesis was verified based on the analysis of statistical data from Eurostat, European Central Bank and the OECD.

scholarly journals The macroeconomic aspects of sport in Europe: a cross-country comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-211
Author(s):  
Mariola Mamcarczyk ◽  
Magdalena Szyszko
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Member States ◽  
Household Spending ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Data Collections

In this paper we aim to investigate the importance of the sports sector of the economy for macrolevel performance in the European Union Member States. The problem that we address is worthy of research focus as sport is a dynamically  expanding and important sector of the economy. The increasing importance of sport in national economies cannot be fully analysed due to the lack of sufficient statistical data. In this paper, we provide a comparison of the Eurostat sports collections results and Sport Satellite Account-based examination of the contribution of sport to the GDP and value added. The analysis of statistical data is preceded by a description of the sports sector measurement. We establish that the contribution of sport is more remarkable for developed economies, however it has also been increasing over time in other EU Member States. This can be observed for employment, changes in enterprises’ statistics, and international trade. Household spending on sports goods and services also increases even if the Great Recession led to a downturn in sport consumption in some countries. The frequency and coherence of sports data collections related to its economic significance is not satisfactory. The issue needs to be given a higher priority by public authorities.

ANALYSIS OF THE NATURE OF THE EUROPEAN DIGITAL TAX IN COMPARISON WITH THE CURRENT VAT SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY AND MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC ENTITIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
S. V. ZAYTSEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
The Many

In March 2018 the European Commission presented a proposal to adopt a digital services tax (DST) on certain types of revenues of multinational digital Companies. The purpose of the digital services tax is to compensate in the short term for the low level of corporate taxation of these companies in the European Union and thus meet the urgent need of civil society for greater tax fairness. DST is presented as an indirect tax on turnover and is often compared to value-added tax (VAT). In this article, the author seeks to highlight the many differences that exist between the harmonized European Union VAT and the new DST. In addition, the author challenges the idea that the DST will actually be an indirect tax and, most importantly, that it will effectively increase tax justice in the European Union.

Production rate, metabolic clearance rate and blood concentration of progesterone in conscious and anaesthetized pregnant rats

1984 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Waddell ◽  
N. W. Bruce
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Anaesthetized Rats

ABSTRACT Both production rate and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of progesterone may vary rapidly and so effect short-term changes in blood concentration of the hormone. Here, a constant infusion and sampling technique was used to estimate these three characteristics of progesterone metabolism in seven conscious and ten anaesthetized rats on day 16 of pregnancy. After steady state was achieved, four samples were collected during a 1-h period from each rat. Mean values for production rate and MCR of progesterone in conscious rats were 14·0 ±1·4 μmol/day and 63·2 ± 6·2 litres/day respectively. Both values were substantially reduced in anaesthetized rats (8.6 ±0·8 μmol/ day and 39·4± 3·4 litres/day respectively) and so blood concentration was unchanged. The production rate was positively related to the total mass of luteal tissue (common correlation coefficient, r = 0·61, P <0·05). There were no consistent changes in the three characteristics with time but variation within rats was high. The estimated coefficients of variation for production rate, MCR and blood concentration within rats were 26, 18 and 17% in conscious and 27, 20 and 23% in anaesthetized rats respectively. Short-term changes in production rate and MCR generally were in the same direction (P <0·05). This reduced variation in blood concentration which would otherwise have occurred if production rate and MCR were unrelated. The pregnant rat is clearly capable of rapid shifts in production rate, MCR and blood concentration of progesterone and the positive relationship between production rate and MCR has a homeostatic effect on blood concentration. J. Endocr. (1984) 102, 357–363

scholarly journals Limits to the European Commission – Managing Services of General Interests

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Ząbkowicz
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Shared Responsibility ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Services Of General Interest ◽  
The Eu

Services of general interest form an essential element of the European model of society as a way to increase quality of life and to overcome social exclusion and isolation. They are also at the core of the public debate touching the central question of the role public authorities and the institutions of the European Union play in a market economy. The competencies and responsibilities conferred by the Treaty, the EU regulations and directives lay emphasis on the essential role and the wide discretion of national, regional and local authorities in defining, organizing, financing and monitoring services of general interest. The same time the EU Law provide the European Commission with a wide range of means of action to ensure the compliance of the process of organizing and financing such services according to a comprehensive regulatory regime at Community level to make them compatible with the internal market and to prevent a distortion of the competition rules. The paper indicates divergences of the points of view of public authorities and the Commission on their role, shared responsibility and powers in that process.

scholarly journals EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN ON THE LABOUR MARKET – THE GENDER PAY GAP WITHIN THE EU MEMBER STATES

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oana Ancuţa Stângaciu
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Member States ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
The Eu

The actions taken for the promotion of the equality of opportunity between men and women and for eliminating the direct or the indirect discrimination apply to the field of employment as well as to the field of education, health, culture, information and the participation in the decision making process. Starting from one of the objectives of the Strategy for the equality of opportunity, being aware of the real situation of women participation compared to men participation to the economical and social life, this analysis offers a perspective on the equality of opportunity between men and women in the field of employment, seen based on the statistical data. Thus, in order to quantify this phenomenon using methods specific to the statistical analysis, we used the gender pay gap indicator pertaining to the EU member states per total economy, as well as per economical activities, and the research results show that on the EU level there are still significant gender pay gaps.

scholarly journals Distribution of new cars – no longer an issue for EU competition law?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-383
Author(s):  
Václav Šmejkal
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
National Level ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Eu Competition Law ◽  
Car Sales ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Block Exemption ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Distribution cartels in the automotive sector used to be frequently dismantled and sanctioned by the European Commission and the EU Courts still some 15 years ago. In recent years, however, only a few cases have been reported at the national level of EU Member States. Is it because the distribution of new cars really ceased to be a competition problem as the European Commission declared when it removed this part of the automotive business from the specific Block Exemption Regulation for the automotive sector in 2010? The purpose of the present analysis is first to inspect the car distribution cases that emerged in the EU after the year 2000 and, second, to speculate somewhat whether new forms of distribution, brought by the digitalization of marketing and sales, cannot bring about also new risks to cartel agreements and other types of distortions of competition in car sales.

scholarly journals Social Aspects of Transnational Corporations’ Activities in the New EU Member States

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-156
Author(s):  
Janina Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Water Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Water

Water resources are among the most valuable resources of the natural environment. The sustainable and integrated management of these resources is the basis of European water policy. Pursuant to the Water Framework Directive, all waters in the European Union should achieve a state considered at least good by the year 2015. Just how this objective can be met continues to be a topic of discussions in some of the Member States. There exist serious problems and delays in performing and implementing the provisions of the Directive in most EU countries. What is more, the state of the water economy in several countries, including Poland, has been criticized by the European Commission. Many challenges stand before European water policy. They require solutions on a global and local level. This article presents current key problems and planned directions for EU water policy development, subjected to analysis and assessment. Note is taken on the newest initiative of the European Commission in the area of water policy, especially the plan for protecting Europe’s water resources—the Blueprint to Safeguard Europe’s Water Resources

scholarly journals New approaches toward statistical form design in user services

2018 ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Baryshev ◽  
Olga Babina ◽  
Tatiana Sergienko ◽  
Pavel Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Information Services ◽  
User Needs ◽  
Research Support ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
Key Players ◽  
Form Design ◽  
The University ◽  
Statistical Indicators ◽  
Statistical Form

The Siberian Federal University Scientific Library is characterized as one of the key players in the university’s education and research support. Approaches toward IRBIS-based design of statistical forms are examined. The method enables to take due account of remote users data and the features of the Siberian Federal University Scientific Library’s hybrid collection. Several key statistical indicators to characterize Library’s performance within the user services cycle are discussed. The set of statistical factors used by the University administration and librarians to analyze the Library’s performance are revealed. The authors conclude that the statistical indicators have to be improved to reflect changes in the collection structure, new promising sources and new user needs and demands which will also contribute to developing new approaches in library and information services. They emphasize that the library statistical data are of valuable source for the sphere of culture as a whole, as it enables to compare organizations’ performance, to reveal newest trends, and to measure their potentiality.

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