Reduction of Water-soluble Nitrate ion in dust Using Alternative Compound Fuels in Fine-dust-reduction Cement Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
Sanghyeon KIM ◽  
Hyun Seok LEE*
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 395-402
Author(s):  
Woo-Chul Choi ◽  
Kyu-Soo Cheong

This study conducted a comparative analysis of the factors affecting the concentration of fine dust before and after COVID-19. Of these, the dominant factor was CO, and the influence between variables increased even after COVID-19. In the case of PM10, the influence of wind direction and wind speed variables decreased, which is thought to be due to the reduction of westerly-based foreign air pollutants following China’s containment policy. Comparative analysis by season showed that the influence of temperature and humidity was higher in winter. In spring, the influence of wind direction and speed decreased with changes in the westerly wind and the influence of China’s containment policy. In summer and autumn, when the concentration of fine dust is relatively low, the influence of CO after COVID-19 was rather high, indicating that continuous CO management is necessary. Considering the relationship between these air pollutants and the meteorological environment, it is judged that fine dust reduction measures should be implemented.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 3200-3206
Author(s):  
Sang-Soo Lee ◽  
Dae-Yeon Kim ◽  
In-Soo Kyoung

One of the global issues documented entails fine dust reduction, which has been experimented recently. In humans, fine dust is problematic because it causes diseases. This study employed the techniques of circulating fluid bed combustion boiler fly ash and blast furnace slag as binders. Regarding fine dust reduction, the study incorporated Bentonite, which exhibits adsorption features. Indeed, indoor air pollution arises from the dominance of fine dust. Some of the parameters that were examined included fine dust concentration, water absorption, density, flowability, compressive strength, and flexural strength. With an increase in the bentonite replacement ratio, there tends to be an increase in absorption, while the density increases. The bentonite’s porous nature has been perceived to account for this behavior. In this study, it was established further that as ben-tonite’s replacement ratio increased, there was a decrease in flowability. Additionally, there was an increase in the air content with an increase in bentonite’s replacement ratio. It was also noted that the fine dust’s adsorption performance for each minute increased with an increase in bentonite’s replacement ratio. The findings were attributed to the affirmation that with an increase in the porous bentonite’s replacement ratio, there tends to be an increase in fine dust amount adsorbed for each unique surface area. There is a need for further research in which experimentations need to focus on finishing materials and how indoor air quality could be improved.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8686
Author(s):  
Seungwon Cho ◽  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Jaeho Pyeon ◽  
Chansik Park

In total, 44.3% of particle matter 10 (PM10) is fugitive dust, and one of the main sources of fugitive dust generation in Korea is construction work (22%). Construction sites account for 84% of the total business places that have reported fugitive dust generation. Currently, the concentration of fine dust at construction sites is being remotely monitored by government inspection agencies through IoT sensors, but it is difficult to trust that appropriate fine dust reduction measures are being taken, because contractors can avoid taking these measures by submitting false reports or photos. In addition, since the fine dust monitoring system under government management is not an open platform and centralized system, residents near construction sites encounter difficulties in accessing information about fine dust. Therefore, in this study, we designed and constructed a blockchain network model to transparently and reliably provide network participants with the information associated with IoT data and fine dust reduction measures. To operate the blockchain network, we designed the chaincode, DApp, and network architecture. In addition, information on fine dust concentration and reduction measure photos were shared with the participants via the blockchain search tool (Hyperledger Explorer). The proposed blockchain network is expected to form a trust protocol among contractors, government inspection agencies, and citizens.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8820
Author(s):  
YunEui Choi ◽  
Eunhye Ji ◽  
Jinhyung Chon

Creating a green infrastructure that is effective for reducing fine dust is a significant challenge for urban landscape planners. In this study, a fine dust reduction planting model that can be applied to socially vulnerable area was developed, and its effects were verified. Using PM10, PM2.5, temperature, relative humidity, wind direction, and wind speed measured for approximately one year, the changes in the concentration of fine dust according to the weather conditions were investigated. As a result of the analysis, there was a significant difference in the concentration of fine dust inside and outside the planting zone (p < 0.05). In addition, there is a significant difference between the fine dust reduction effect of the multilayered planting model and the single planting model (p < 0.05). The paper’s main findings are as follows: (1) When the green cover rate is over 50%, the concentration of fine dust is lower than that outside the planting zones. (2) Multilayered planting zones are more effective in reducing the concentration of fine dust than single-structured planting zones. (3) Multilayered planting zones reduce the concentration of fine dust by changing the microclimate. The results of this study can be used as basic data for small urban planting design to reduce fine dust for children’s health in socially vulnerable areas.


Author(s):  
J. G. Robertson ◽  
D. F. Parsons

The extraction of lipids from tissues during fixation and embedding for electron microscopy is widely recognized as a source of possible artifact, especially at the membrane level of cell organization. Lipid extraction is also a major disadvantage in electron microscope autoradiography of radioactive lipids, as in studies of the uptake of radioactive fatty acids by intestinal slices. Retention of lipids by fixation with osmium tetroxide is generally limited to glycolipids, phospholipids and highly unsaturated neutral lipids. Saturated neutral lipids and sterols tend to be easily extracted by organic dehydrating reagents prior to embedding. Retention of the more saturated lipids in embedded tissue might be achieved by developing new cross-linking reagents, by the use of highly water soluble embedding materials or by working at very low temperatures.


Author(s):  
J. D. McLean ◽  
S. J. Singer

The successful application of ferritin labeled antibodies (F-A) to ultrathin sections of biological material has been hampered by two main difficulties. Firstly the normally used procedures for the preparation of material for thin sectioning often result in a loss of antigenicity. Secondly the polymers employed for embedding may non-specifically absorb the F-A. Our earlier use of cross-linked polyampholytes as embedding media partially overcame these problems. However the water-soluble monomers used for this method still extract many lipids from the material.


Author(s):  
D.R. Mattie ◽  
J.W. Fisher

Jet fuels such as JP-4 can be introduced into the environment and come in contact with aquatic biota in several ways. Studies in this laboratory have demonstrated JP-4 toxicity to fish. Benzene is the major constituent of the water soluble fraction of JP-4. The normal surface morphology of bluegill olfactory lamellae was examined in conjunction with electrophysiology experiments. There was no information regarding the ultrastructural and physiological responses of the olfactory epithelium of bluegills to acute benzene exposure.The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of benzene on the surface morphology of the nasal rosettes of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Bluegills were exposed to a sublethal concentration of 7.7±0.2ppm (+S.E.M.) benzene for five, ten or fourteen days. Nasal rosettes were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and 2.0% paraformaldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.25mM calcium chloride. Specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy.


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