scholarly journals Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Area of Intermittent Karst Lakes of Pivka

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Metka Petrič ◽  
Janja Kogovšek
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Flow Regime ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Karst Lakes ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Hydrological Feature

Poseben hidrološki pojav zahodnega dela kraškega masiva Javornikov so presihajoča Pivška jezera. Za celotno območje je značilna tesna povezava podzemnih in površinskih voda. V kraškem vodonosniku se vode pretakajo večinoma podzemno, ob močnejših in dolgotrajnejših padavinah pa se nivo podzemne vode dvigne in voda se na številnih mestih preliva na površje. Tako postanejo aktivni občasni kraški izviri ob reki Pivki, z vodo pa se napolnijo tudi kraške depresije in nastane večje število presihajočih kraških jezer. Nekatera se pojavljajo dokaj pogosto in imajo vodo tudi do pol leta, večinoma pa so bolj redka ali so zalita samo izjemoma v času močnejših poplav. V članku so predstavljene hidrogeološke značilnosti območja, ki se odražajo v režimu pretakanja kraške vode in načinih njenega pojavljanja na površju. A special hydrological feature of the western part of the Javorniki karst massif is the intermittent karst lakes of Pivka. For the whole area a close connection between underground and surface water is characteristic. In the karst aquifer water flows mostly underground, but after more intensive or long-lasting precipitation the water table rises and water emerges on the surface at different locations. Intermittent karst springs along the Pivka river are activated. Also karst depressions are filled with water and several intermittent karst lakes can be formed. Some of them appear very often and contain water for up to six months, but mostly they are very rare and filled up only exceptionally in the time of big floods. In the article the hydrogeological characteristics of the area are presented, which are reflected in the flow regime of karst water and in the forms of its appearance on the surface. 

scholarly journals Application of Hydrochemical and Isotopic Data to Determine The Origin and Circulation Conditions of Karst Groundwater in An Alpine and Gorge Region in The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: A Case Study Of Genie Mountain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianfei Ma ◽  
Xiangquan Li ◽  
Feng Liu ◽  
Changchang Fu ◽  
Chunchao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Water Circulation ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Groundwater ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Recharge Sources ◽  
Xizang Plateau

Abstract Understanding of the recharge origin, runoff channels, and discharge characteristics of karst groundwater is very important for construction of underground projects and identification of water supply targets. Complex structural systems, lithological differences, and extreme heterogeneity of aquifers combine to create a complex karst aquifer structure in alpine and gorge areas; however, because of the topography, direct investigation of aquifer structure is difficult. In this study, field survey, hydrochemical, and isotopic data are analyzed to reveal the development of karst groundwater and to describe the karst water cycle in Genie Mountain, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The results show that atmospheric precipitation and melting ice and snow are the groundwater recharge sources, and groundwater circulation is shallow, with groundwater ages generally no more than 60 yr. The groundwater cycle can be divided into three levels: epikarst water circulation; mid to deep karst water circulation; and deep geothermal water circulation. The karst springs located in the outlet of the Huolong gully contain markedly higher levels of Na + and SO 4 2 − than other karst springs because of the leaching effect of groundwater on mirabilite. The presence of evaporites also indicates that the groundwater of Huolong gully is influenced by evaporation. The runoff of thermal springs undergoes deep circulation and is controlled by faults. This water mainly dissolves carbonate rock, with little influence of evaporation. This study shows that hydrochemical and isotopic methods can be used to discriminate different water types, and can be applied to study the characteristics of complex groundwater runoff in alpine and gorge areas.

scholarly journals GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AQUIFERS IN THE SALITRE RIVER BASIN, BAHIA STATE, BRAZIL, USING RESISTIVITY SOUNDINGS AND ELECTRICAL TOMOGRAPHIES

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 637
Author(s):  
Olivar Antônio Lima de Lima
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Tomographic Section

ABSTRACT. The Salitre River basin, which is located in the semi-arid land of northeastern Brazil, is annually faced with severe surface-water scarcity. Twomain aquifersystems, which are distributed in depth, can be exploited to supply the water needs of the population and its present agro-industrial development: (i) a fractured-karst,water-table component, totally developed within the upper carbonate sequence of the Salitre Formation; and (ii) a fractured-clastic, semi-confined component, mostlikely associating lower Salitre limestones with the meta-sandstones of the Morro do Chap´eu Formation. Geophysical efforts have been useful in developing a regional,three-dimensional characterization of these two aquifer components of the Salitre river aquifer system and in detailing a useful electric tomographic scheme to implementtheir exploration. The geophysical survey, which comprised 64 Schlumberger electrical soundings of resistivity and five tomographic sections, was combined with welldata to define the geometric and hydraulic characteristics of these aquifer components. The inversion of the resistivity data, under the control of the well data, was usefulto reduce electrical ambiguities and to better define the depth of the water table and that of the thick, impervious aquifer substrate. The lateral and depth boundaries of thefracture-karst aquifer zones were outlined, allowing the estimation of a total reserve of approximately 100 billion m3 of groundwater. Chemical analysis of water samplescollected at production wells was used to define a water quality zoning within the basin. These results are very important to define an optimum exploration regime for thegroundwater available in the basin.Keywords: electrical sounding, tomographic section, Salitre aquifer system. RESUMO. A bacia hidrogáafica do rio Salitre faz parte da região semiárida da Bahia e, por isso, apresenta severa escassez de água superficial. Dois principais componentes aquíferos, distribuídos em profundidade, podem ser explorados para suprir as necessidades hídricas da população humana e de seu incipiente desenvolvimento agroindustrial: (i) um componente cárstico-fraturado, de natureza livre, desenvolvido nas rochas carbonáticas superiores da Formação Salitre; e (ii) um componentefraturado, semi-confinado, combinando rocha basais da sequência Salitre e unidades meta-quartzíticas da Formação Morro do Chapéu. Foram executadas 64 sondagens elétricas verticais usando o arranjo Schlumberger de eletrodos, centradas em pontos selecionados da bacia, e cinco seções tomográficas de resistividade, para detalhara estrutura subsuperficial de locais selecionados. A inversão dos dados de resistividade aparente, com controle de informações de poços, foi útil para reduzir ambiguidades elétricas e melhor definir as profundidades do nível estático e do topo do espesso substrato impermeável do sistema aquífero Salitre. Esses estudos permitiramavaliar, regionalmente, os recursos hídricos subterrâneos da bacia, em termos de geometria e características hidráulicas, bem como propor um procedimento para efetuar tomografia elétrica bidimensional, visando sua efetiva exploração por meio de poços. Os limites laterais e em profundidade das zonas de maior carstificação e de densos fraturamentos foram delineados, possibilitando estimar uma reserva total de água no sistema do rio Salitre em cerca de 220 bilhões de m3. Análises físico-químicas deamostras de água coletadas em poços foram usadas para caracterizar a variabilidade na qualidade da água subterrânea na bacia. Tais resultados podem ser usados paraplanejar um regime de exploração eficiente e conservativo das reservas de água subterrânea disponíveis.Palavras-chave: sondagem elétrica, seção tomográfica, sistema aquífero Salitre.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Concentration and Origin of Thermal Karst Waters in the Region of the Bükk Mountains, Northeastern Hungary

Radiocarbon ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 543-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ede Hertelendi ◽  
Mihály Veres ◽  
István Futó ◽  
Éva Svingor ◽  
Lajos Mikó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Thermal Waters ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Recharge Area ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Karst Waters ◽  
Karst Systems

Karst springs are abundant in Hungary, and many are thermal (temperatures >30°). As thermal springs are a significant part of Hungary's water resources, it is important to quantify their travel times in the karst systems. Thus, we chose to measure T and δ18O in the water and δ13C and 14C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water from 50 thermal and nonthermal springs and wells in the Bükk Mountains, northeastern Hungary. Environmental isotope data confirm the karst water-flow pattern implied by earlier studies. We found the water in warm springs and boreholes to be mixtures of cold young and old thermal water. We also determined short mean-residence times for some large cold springs. The 14C activities measured in these springs indicate that the recharge area of the karst aquifer is open to the atmosphere, and atmospheric CO2 contributes to the 14C activity of these groundwaters. We observed good correlation between 14C and 3H activities and we determined negative correlations between 14C concentration and δ13C values and temperature. From the δ18O values of the oldest thermal waters, we attribute their origin to precipitation during colder temperatures than at present.

scholarly journals Ionic Runoff as a Way to Determine the Degree of Karst Denudation (Case Study Jasov Plateau, Slovak Karst, Slovakia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1449
Author(s):  
Alena Gessert ◽  
Imrich Sládek ◽  
Veronika Straková ◽  
Mihály Braun ◽  
Enikő Heim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Karst Spring ◽  
Snow Melting ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Episodic Events

Estimation of the catchment area of a karst spring is not possible in all areas for various reasons. The Slovak Karst is protected by the highest degree of protection and karst springs are used as a source of drinking water for the second largest city in Slovakia, Košice. From this reason, no results on ionic runoff or chemical denudation have been published from this area and the most appropriate way to obtain information about the denudation rate is to determine the ionic runoff. This paper provides an overview of ionic runoff results based on sampling and analysis of karst water from six springs in the period November 2013–October 2016 (three hydrological years) and periodic measurements. Springs have significantly fluctuated flow rates from 0 L/s in summer and autumn up to 192 L/s, and episodic events during the snow melting and heavy rain in the spring of 2013 are also known (more than 380 L/s). The total value of ionic runoff for the area of 40,847 m3/y.km2 is comparable with the Vracanska Plateau in Bulgaria, which lies at a similar altitude and with a similar amount of precipitation.

scholarly journals Characteristics of surface-water flows in the ridge and slough landscape of Everglades National Park: implications for particulate transport

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 569 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn Leonard ◽  
Alexander Croft ◽  
Daniel Childers ◽  
Sherry Mitchell-Bruker ◽  
Helena Solo-Gabriele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
National Park ◽  
Everglades National Park ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Particulate Transport ◽  
Ridge And Slough

A comparison of emerging contaminant fingerprinting techniques to assess the impact of human wastewater on karst groundwater quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luka Vucinic ◽  
David O'Connell ◽  
Donata Dubber ◽  
Patrice Behan ◽  
Quentin Crowley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Effluent ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Karst Aquifers ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
The Impact

<p>Lowland karst aquifers in Ireland are extremely complex to understand and are considered to be highly vulnerable to pollution (e.g. low-lying karst catchments exhibit a lot of surface water – groundwater interactions which makes them very susceptible to direct contamination). These aquifers are impacted by multiple contamination sources on land (in particular, rural sources from agriculture and on-site domestic wastewater effluent) which makes their protection and management challenging. Human wastewater effluent is identified as significant threat to groundwater quality in such lowland Irish karst environments, since approximately one-third of the population in Ireland is relying on decentralized wastewater treatment systems for the treatment of domestic wastewater. However, it is difficult to distinguish between human wastewater effluent and agricultural pollution impacts on karst aquifers using only traditional water quality parameters or any single environmental tracing method. Hence, the impact of microbial and chemical contaminants of human wastewater origin on groundwater quality must be assessed using a multiple-tracer approach, ideally targeting source-specific tracers. This paper presents an overview of the results obtained during the research conducted throughout the last several years at nine karst catchments in Ireland using a range of methodologies in order to determine and quantify domestic wastewater pollution impacts on karst springs. Microbial pollution was assessed using flow cytometric fingerprinting and faecal indicator bacteria, while chemical pollution impact assessment included the analysis of fluorescent whitening compounds (FWCs; well-known indicators of human contamination since their origin is mostly from laundry detergents), specific anion ratio signatures (Cl/Br), quantification and identification of microplastic particles using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and faecal sterol and stanol profiles and ratios. A thorough analysis of the results obtained using a multiple-tracer approach has been conducted and methodologies have been evaluated in terms of applicability and sensitivity in a range of different karst catchments. The ability of these methodologies and techniques to determine and quantify human faecal pollution impacts on karst springs will be discussed. The results show a significant correlation between microplastic particle counts and detected FWCs signals at different springs, which helps to understand the contribution of household-derived contaminants to this environmental problem. Moreover, our results indicate that faecal sterols and stanols can be useful faecal source tracking method in karst aquifer systems despite the fact that concentrations of sterols and stanols of interest were usually low which makes the interpretation of results challenging.</p>

scholarly journals A Hydrologic Landscapes Perspective on Groundwater Connectivity of Depressional Wetlands

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian P. Neff ◽  
Donald O. Rosenberry ◽  
Scott G. Leibowitz ◽  
Dave M. Mushet ◽  
Heather E. Golden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Depressional Wetlands ◽  
Hydrologic Connectivity ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Depressional Wetland ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Flow Through

Research into processes governing the hydrologic connectivity of depressional wetlands has advanced rapidly in recent years. Nevertheless, a need persists for broadly applicable, non-site-specific guidance to facilitate further research. Here, we explicitly use the hydrologic landscapes theoretical framework to develop broadly applicable conceptual knowledge of depressional-wetland hydrologic connectivity. We used a numerical model to simulate the groundwater flow through five generic hydrologic landscapes. Next, we inserted depressional wetlands into the generic landscapes and repeated the modeling exercise. The results strongly characterize groundwater connectivity from uplands to lowlands as being predominantly indirect. Groundwater flowed from uplands and most of it was discharged to the surface at a concave-upward break in slope, possibly continuing as surface water to lowlands. Additionally, we found that groundwater connectivity of the depressional wetlands was primarily determined by the slope of the adjacent water table. However, we identified certain arrangements of landforms that caused the water table to fall sharply and not follow the surface contour. Finally, we synthesize our findings and provide guidance to practitioners and resource managers regarding the management significance of indirect groundwater discharge and the effect of depressional wetland groundwater connectivity on pond permanence and connectivity.

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