Radiocarbon Concentration and Origin of Thermal Karst Waters in the Region of the Bükk Mountains, Northeastern Hungary

Karst springs are abundant in Hungary, and many are thermal (temperatures >30°). As thermal springs are a significant part of Hungary's water resources, it is important to quantify their travel times in the karst systems. Thus, we chose to measure T and δ18O in the water and δ13C and 14C in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water from 50 thermal and nonthermal springs and wells in the Bükk Mountains, northeastern Hungary. Environmental isotope data confirm the karst water-flow pattern implied by earlier studies. We found the water in warm springs and boreholes to be mixtures of cold young and old thermal water. We also determined short mean-residence times for some large cold springs. The 14C activities measured in these springs indicate that the recharge area of the karst aquifer is open to the atmosphere, and atmospheric CO2 contributes to the 14C activity of these groundwaters. We observed good correlation between 14C and 3H activities and we determined negative correlations between 14C concentration and δ13C values and temperature. From the δ18O values of the oldest thermal waters, we attribute their origin to precipitation during colder temperatures than at present.

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Comparison of the 14C activity of groundwater and recent Tufa from Karst areas in Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200012509 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (03) ◽

pp. 884-892 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Nada Horvatinčć ◽

Dušan Srdoč ◽

J A N Šilar ◽

Hana Tvrdíková

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Spring Water ◽

Geologic Structure ◽

Recharge Area ◽

Karst Springs ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Karst Areas ◽

Plitvice Lakes

14C activity of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in water and in recent tufa samples in several karst areas of Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia was measured. Groundwater from 11 karst springs were measured for their isotopic content (14C, 3H, 13C), chemical composition (HCO3 −, Ca2+, Mg2+) and physico-chemical properties (temperature, pH). Seasonal variations of the 14C activity of DIC in two karst springs in Plitvice Lakes area, Yugoslavia, were measured systematically from 1979 – 1987.14C activity of recent tufa samples from several locations downstream were also measured. The activity of DIC in karst spring water in both countries ranged from 63–87 pMC, which is attributed to differences in geologic structure of the recharge area, topsoil thickness and composition. Grouping of 14C activities of DIC ca (82±4)% is evident. Tritium activity at all the springs indicated short mean residence time (1–10 yr). Concentration of HCO3 −, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in spring water varied with geomorphology. 14C activity of streamwater and recent tufa increased downstream from karst springs due to the exchange between atmospheric CO2 and DIC.

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Hydrogeochemical Characters of Karst Aquifers in Central Italy and Relationship with Neotectonics

Water ◽

10.3390/w12071926 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1926

Author(s):

Paolo Madonia ◽

Marianna Cangemi ◽

Ygor Oliveri ◽

Carlo Germani

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Central Italy ◽

Karst Aquifers ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Preparatory Phase ◽

Dissolved Ions ◽

Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Karst Systems

Groundwater from karst circulation systems of Central Italy were sampled and analyzed, in 2018, for delineating a preliminary, general geochemical framework of their relationship with neotectonics, in an area characterized by a frequent and often destructive seismicity. We determined field physical-chemical parameters, concentrations of main dissolved ions and gases and isotopic composition of water (δ18O, δD) and total dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13C TDIC). We discriminated between “normal” hydro-karst systems and multi-component aquifers, composed of meteoric groundwater that have also interacted with rocks of different lithological nature and/or deep fluids. These multicomponent aquifers are of potential interest in the monitoring of neotectonics activity, because changes in the stress field associated with the preparatory phase of an earthquake may affect the permeability of rocks, in turn causing variation of their chemical-isotopic character. The geographical distribution of these aquifers seems to be controlled by tectonics. In fact, the Olevano–Antrodoco–Sibillini thrust separates the more anomalous sites, located westwards of it, from the groundwater bodies at its eastern side, showing a more typical karst character.

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Isotope hydrogeology and geothermometry of the Mount Meager geothermal area

Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences ◽

10.1139/e82-126 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 1454-1473 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

I. D. Clark ◽

P. Fritz ◽

F. A. Michel ◽

J. G. Souther

Keyword(s):

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Environmental Isotopes ◽

Thermal Waters ◽

Geothermal System ◽

Altitude Effect ◽

Geothermal Resources ◽

Geothermal Waters ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Cold Groundwaters

A survey of stable and radioactive environmental isotopes has been carried out in order to investigate the recharge, thermal history, age, and geothermometry of the thermal waters at Mount Meager, British Columbia, a Quaternary volcano that is currently the site of active exploration for geothermal resources. Isotope determinations include 18O, 2H, and 3H in precipitation, thermal and cold groundwaters, and glacier ice; 13C and 14C in dissolved inorganic carbon; 18O and 34S in dissolved sulphate from thermal and cold groundwaters; and 13C and 18O in hydrothermal calcite crystals. Major ion analyses were performed on thermal and cold spring waters.Precipitation data are used to define the local meteoric water line and to document the altitude effect on waters recharging the geothermal system, demonstrating that there are two hydrogeologically separate reservoirs recharged at different altitudes. Both pools of geothermal waters have experienced shifts of between +0.5 and +2.5‰ in δ18O values, indicating a limited degree of 18O exchange with hot silicate minerals.Tritium contents indicate that these waters recharged prior to 1955. 13C contents of dissolved inorganic carbon and hydrothermal calcites from drill core document contamination of the thermal waters with "dead" volcanogenic CO2 plus carbon exchange with fracture calcite, which precludes the possibility of "dating" the thermal waters using 14C.Several chemical and isotopic geothermometers are used to estimate the maximum temperatures experienced by the thermal waters. The fractionation of 18O between SO42− and H2O in these waters gives calculated maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. The Mg-corrected Na–K–Ca geothermometer shows excellent correlation with the SO4–H2O estimates with maximum temperatures of less than 140 °C. Fractionation of 13C and 18O in the systems CaCO3–CO2 and CaCO3–H2O using hydrothermal calcites and borehole fluids also offers no indications of subsurface temperatures in excess of 140 °C. Silica geothermometer results are not reliable because of equlibrium with amorphous silica phases in the subsurface.It is concluded that these thermal waters are not deeply circulating and have not experienced temperatures in excess of 140 °C.

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Application of Hydrochemical and Isotopic Data to Determine The Origin and Circulation Conditions of Karst Groundwater in An Alpine and Gorge Region in The Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: A Case Study Of Genie Mountain

10.21203/rs.3.rs-648724/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jianfei Ma ◽

Xiangquan Li ◽

Feng Liu ◽

Changchang Fu ◽

Chunchao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Cycle ◽

Karst Aquifer ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Water Circulation ◽

Karst Water ◽

Karst Groundwater ◽

Isotopic Data ◽

Karst Springs ◽

Recharge Sources ◽

Xizang Plateau

Abstract Understanding of the recharge origin, runoff channels, and discharge characteristics of karst groundwater is very important for construction of underground projects and identification of water supply targets. Complex structural systems, lithological differences, and extreme heterogeneity of aquifers combine to create a complex karst aquifer structure in alpine and gorge areas; however, because of the topography, direct investigation of aquifer structure is difficult. In this study, field survey, hydrochemical, and isotopic data are analyzed to reveal the development of karst groundwater and to describe the karst water cycle in Genie Mountain, Qinghai–Xizang Plateau. The results show that atmospheric precipitation and melting ice and snow are the groundwater recharge sources, and groundwater circulation is shallow, with groundwater ages generally no more than 60 yr. The groundwater cycle can be divided into three levels: epikarst water circulation; mid to deep karst water circulation; and deep geothermal water circulation. The karst springs located in the outlet of the Huolong gully contain markedly higher levels of Na + and SO 4 2 − than other karst springs because of the leaching effect of groundwater on mirabilite. The presence of evaporites also indicates that the groundwater of Huolong gully is influenced by evaporation. The runoff of thermal springs undergoes deep circulation and is controlled by faults. This water mainly dissolves carbonate rock, with little influence of evaporation. This study shows that hydrochemical and isotopic methods can be used to discriminate different water types, and can be applied to study the characteristics of complex groundwater runoff in alpine and gorge areas.

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Carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon as tracers of carbon sources in karst waters of the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Geological Society London Special Publications ◽

10.1144/sp507-2020-49 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. SP507-2020-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andreja Sironić ◽

Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽

Nada Horvatinčić ◽

Jadranka Barešić ◽

Damir Borković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Isotopes ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Karst Waters ◽

Plitvice Lakes

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Hydrogeological Characteristics of the Area of Intermittent Karst Lakes of Pivka

Acta Carsologica ◽

10.3986/ac.v34i3.255 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Metka Petrič ◽

Janja Kogovšek

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Flow Regime ◽

Water Table ◽

Karst Aquifer ◽

Karst Water ◽

Karst Springs ◽

Water Flows ◽

Karst Lakes ◽

Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽

Hydrological Feature

Poseben hidrološki pojav zahodnega dela kraškega masiva Javornikov so presihajoča Pivška jezera. Za celotno območje je značilna tesna povezava podzemnih in površinskih voda. V kraškem vodonosniku se vode pretakajo večinoma podzemno, ob močnejših in dolgotrajnejših padavinah pa se nivo podzemne vode dvigne in voda se na številnih mestih preliva na površje. Tako postanejo aktivni občasni kraški izviri ob reki Pivki, z vodo pa se napolnijo tudi kraške depresije in nastane večje število presihajočih kraških jezer. Nekatera se pojavljajo dokaj pogosto in imajo vodo tudi do pol leta, večinoma pa so bolj redka ali so zalita samo izjemoma v času močnejših poplav. V članku so predstavljene hidrogeološke značilnosti območja, ki se odražajo v režimu pretakanja kraške vode in načinih njenega pojavljanja na površju. A special hydrological feature of the western part of the Javorniki karst massif is the intermittent karst lakes of Pivka. For the whole area a close connection between underground and surface water is characteristic. In the karst aquifer water flows mostly underground, but after more intensive or long-lasting precipitation the water table rises and water emerges on the surface at different locations. Intermittent karst springs along the Pivka river are activated. Also karst depressions are filled with water and several intermittent karst lakes can be formed. Some of them appear very often and contain water for up to six months, but mostly they are very rare and filled up only exceptionally in the time of big floods. In the article the hydrogeological characteristics of the area are presented, which are reflected in the flow regime of karst water and in the forms of its appearance on the surface.

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Isotopic-geochemical features of thermal water of the Kyndyg deposit (Republic of Abkhazia)

LITOSFERA ◽

10.24930/1681-9004-2020-20-2-280-298 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 280-298

Author(s):

S. S. Potapov ◽

D. V. Kiseleva ◽

O. Ya. Chervyatsova ◽

N. V. Parshina ◽

M. V. Chervyakovskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Water ◽

Sea Water ◽

Trace Element Composition ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Thermal Waters ◽

Icp Ms ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Different Seasons ◽

Karst Waters ◽

Trace Elements In Water

Subject. The aim of the work is to study the mechanism and sources of water formation, as well as the peculiarities of carbonate mineralization in the aquifer of the Kyndyg thermal water deposit. Materials and methods. The samples of water (8) and deposited carbonates (15), collected at different seasons at three sites, characterized by different temperatures and distances from the source, were investigated. pH, Eh, and electrical conductivity were determined by an electrochemical method. For the determination of HCO3 – , Cl– , SO4 2–, titrimetric, mercurymetric and turbidimetric methods were used. Trace element composition was determined by ICP-MS (NexION 300S); strontium isotopic composition – by MC-ICP-MS (Neptune Plus) using the bracketing technique after Sr chromatographic separation. Results. The chloride-calcium hydrochemical type prevails in the studied waters. A number of trace elements in water exceeds the clarke concentrations for groundwater in the supergene zone of mountain landscapes. 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios (0.7065–0.7072) in thermal waters suggest that their composition is determined rather by the isotopic characteristics of the rocks through which water drains than by the influence of sea water. Among the newly formed carbonates, aragonite prevails. In contrast to thermal water, the concentrations of most metals in carbonates are below the clarke values; only Sr and Se are increased, which content is significantly increased in water as well. Deposited carbonates are characterized by 87Sr/86Sr values (0.7028–0.7074), which are lower than in the source thermal waters. Conclusions. On the basis of hydrogeological, hydrochemical and geochemical data, it can be assumed that the waters of this aquifer complex are formed mainly due to fresh fractured karst waters of lower Cretaceous limestones with submerged monocline dipping into the zone of slow circulation and mixing with sedimentogenic sodium chloride waters. The geochemical data and the presence of scandium anomaly suggest that the underlying Jurassic volcanogenic rocks also participate in water exchange.

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Carbon Uptake in Aquatic Plants Deduced From Their Natural 13C and 14C Content

Radiocarbon ◽

10.1017/s0033822200012406 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 31 (03) ◽

pp. 785-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Elena Marčenko ◽

Dušan Srdoč ◽

Stjepko Golubić ◽

Jože Pezdič ◽

M J Head

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Inorganic Carbon ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Natural Habitat ◽

Terrestrial Plants ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Aquatic Mosses ◽

Age Correction ◽

Karst Waters

δ13C and 14C activity measurements were made on terrestrial, marsh and aquatic plants growing in their natural habitat of the Plitvice Lakes in northwest Yugoslavia. δ13C values were ca −47 for aquatic mosses, which indicate that the carbon source was dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) from alkaline karst waters, following a C3 pathway, and ca −25 for marsh plants, indicating the carbon source was atmospheric CO2. 14C activity of true aquatic plants and submerged parts of helophytes was close to 14C activity of DIC, whereas that of emergent parts of helophytes and terrestrial plants was similar to atmospheric CO2 activity. Aquatic plants which use DIC in freshwater for their photosynthesis are not suitable for 14C dating, unless the initial activity of incorporated carbon is known. δ13C values of plant material also depend on the carbon source and cannot be used for 14C age correction.

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