Medical Treatments of Neurological Disorders and Developments of Novel Drugs: 3. Treatment of Migraine

Abstract:: In the previous years of research, the use of animal model becomes very common for the screening of novel drugs. Animal model represents the complex problems of humans into simplest forms which can be extended further to include the experimental procedure. The most successful models in neuroscience, rats and mice, undoubtedly considered as one of the best models to understand the psychology of mammalian brain and its associated functions involved in various behavioral repertoire. Moreover, recently researchers in behavioral neuroscience are focusing more on the use of aquatic animals especially fish as model species due to their simplicity, and cost effectiveness. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a tropical fish from minnow family a genetic structure surprisingly 84 % similar to humans. It is gaining popularity as a model to study the mechanism in behavioral neuropharmacology. Moreover, Zebrafish is having numerous advantages over other rodent models like ease in maintenance due to their small size; breeding power is more, transparency of embryos, overall reduced cost of experimentation and many more. Nowadays, it is considered as an ideal model to study the neurobehavioral aspects with relevance to humans. It is also used in varieties of scientific studies like genetics, neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology. In this manuscript, we have described the feasibility and importance of Zebrafish as a model for the screening of novel drugs for different neurological disorders.

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A case of share psychotic disorder induced by mephedrone

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1058 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S309-S309

Author(s):

R.A. Baena ◽

Y. Lázaro ◽

J. Rodriguez ◽

L. Olivares ◽

A. Matas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Case Reports ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Psychiatric History ◽

Psychiatric Disturbance ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Competing Interest

IntroductionShare psychotic disorder “folie à deux” is a rare condition characterized by the transmission of delusional aspects from a patient to another linked by a close relationship. We report the case of two Spanish men who have experienced a combined delusional episode induced by mephedrone.ObjectivesDescribe a case of share psychotic disorder induced by mephedrone. Make a review on scientific literature about the use of mephedrone (little is known about the psychiatric consequences of the use of these compounds). The patients had no psychiatric history.AimsShow the danger of these novel drugs that are often bought as apparently safe and legal.ConclusionsShare psychotic disorder was first introduced by Lasegue and Falret who hypothesized that transmission of psychiatric disturbance from one person to another was possible under certain circumstances. The correlation of symptoms with the intake of these substances is supposed in the light of a negative psychiatric history and no other concomitant medical treatments. An important number of case reports documented deaths related to the ingestion of mephedrone. Another problem is that these substances are not detected by standard blood and urine test so that the diagnosis of intoxication is often delayed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Novel herbs and drugs for endometriosis management: A review on current and futuristic therapies

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v12i2.4699 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 1404-1414

Author(s):

Komal S ◽

Harikrishnan N ◽

Gejalakshmi S ◽

Kayalvizhi S ◽

Hemamalini Baskaran ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Age ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Novel Treatments ◽

Chemical Treatments ◽

Novel Drugs ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Gynecological Disease ◽

Immediate Surgery ◽

Endometriosis Surgery

A disorder with estrogen dependency comprising of inflammatory lesions outside the uterus, causing pain and inflammation in pelvis and affecting women of reproductive age with infertility and post reproductive age is endometriosis. Endometriosis is viewed as public health issue with a major impact on quality of life of women. Medically advanced computational and chemical treatments are available to treat the progression of the disease by diagnostic imaging, clinical examinations, imaging and laparoscopy often leading to immediate surgery. A warrantable rethinking on the diagnosis and management of endometriosis is to be assessed and medical treatments should be considered as first-line option for therapeutic relief for endometriosis by suppressing the systemic estrogen levels providing desirable efficacy and safety, prior to performing endometriosis surgery. The aim of this review is to describe natural products, hormonal and non-hormonal compounds that suppress the progression of endometriosis. Various herbal, conventional and traditional therapies are investigated to treat gynecological disease, endometriosis. The information in this paper include various studies assessing the use of novel treatments in addition to the herbal and hormonal products in the endometriosis therapy. Most of the studies involved were in scrutinizing the pharmacological activity profiles of various sources of drugs in endometriosis treatment, hormonal drugs involved suppression and regulation of various hormones along with various factors like anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and apoptotic, anti-angiogenic, anti-invasive, immunomodulatory, and estrogen modulating activity. However, novel drugs and medicinal plants are also reviewed here to draw attention to the molecules of drugs that target at multiple points for rational therapeutic treatment of endometriosis.

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Ethical Issue as the Limiting Factor for Epilepsy Surgery

Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1714355 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 097-099

Author(s):

Satyanarayana Gedela ◽

Christian Korff

Keyword(s):

Ethical Issue ◽

Epilepsy Surgery ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Focal Epilepsy ◽

Intractable Epilepsy ◽

Limiting Factor ◽

Medical Treatments ◽

Rasmussen’S Encephalitis ◽

The Right ◽

Available Resources

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders with almost one-third of these patients becoming intractable to medical treatments. For some of these patients, epilepsy surgery could be the best option. There are lot of disparities in caring of the epilepsy patients. There are multiple limitations in offering epilepsy surgery for the medically intractable epilepsy patients, resulting in almost 19 years gap from the diagnosis of intractable epilepsy to epilepsy surgery. These limitations range from patient or parental fear to lack of available resources. Sometimes we face an ethical issue being the limitation from doing the right thing for the patient. We want to share our experience with one of our patients with symptomatic medically intractable focal epilepsy from Rasmussen’s encephalitis who could not get the epilepsy surgery treatment because of an ethical issue.

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Ultrastructural Effects of Acute Kepone Treatment in Rats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010009141x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. 286-287

Author(s):

Richard L. Klein ◽

Åsa K. Thureson-Klein ◽

Harihara M. Mehendale

Keyword(s):

Neurological Disorders ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Preliminary Investigation ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Lipid Deposition ◽

Severe Toxicity ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Ether Anesthesia ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

KeponeR (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2H-cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) is an insecticide effective against ants and roaches. It can cause severe toxicity in fishes, birds, rodents and man. Prominent effects include hepatic lipid deposition and hypertrophy, impairment of reproductive capacity and neurological disorders. Mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive Mg2+-ATPase is also inhibited. The present study is a preliminary investigation of tissue ultrastructural changes accompanying physiological signs of acute toxicity, which after two days treatment include: pronounced hypersensitivity and tremor, various degrees of anorexia and adipsia, and decreased weight gain.Three different series of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (Charles River or CD-I) were treated by intubation with Kepone in corn oil at a dose of 50 mg per kg for 3 successive days or at 200 ppm in food for 8 days. After ether anesthesia, rats were immediately perfused via a cannula in the left ventricle with 4% p-formaldehyde and 0.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer at pH 7.2 for 20-30 min at 22°C.

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