Magnetic Signatures of Urban Structures: Case Study from Larsa (Iraq, 6th–1st millennium BC)

Urbanization is a global trend: Since 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population have been living in urban areas, and rates of urbanization are continuing to rise everywhere. This growth in urbanization has led to an increased demand for natural resources, in particular non-metallic minerals such as stones, sand and clay, which account for one third of the entire flow of materials. Generally, these materials are traded within regional markets. This close geographical link between the demand for building materials in urban areas and the material supply in the hinterland leads to massive interventions in the natural environment and landscape. These urban–rural linkages can be revealed by applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to the built environment in order to trace the flows of building materials. The objective of this paper is to present a method for quantifying regional material flows by considering the supply and demand of building materials. This will be applied to the Vietnamese case study area of Hanoi and its hinterland province Hoa Binh. The results indicate a consumption of almost 60% of the construction mineral reserves in total secured by planning in the hinterland province considering a period of 15 years. However, this does not allow for the general conclusion that raw materials are sufficiently available. The sand reservoirs are only sufficient for eight years and clay reserves are used up after four years. This increases the need to exploit further raw material reserves, which are becoming increasingly scarce and results in stronger interventions in nature In order to safeguard the hinterland from the negative impacts of urbanization, a new understanding of resource efficiency is needed—one that acknowledges both resource efficiency in the construction of urban structures and appropriate resource conservation in the provision of the raw materials from the hinterland. This will require the creation of new integrated planning approaches between urban and regional planning authorities. Regional MFA is one way of realising such an approach.

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Correlation between Land Use and Urban Public Transport: Case Study of Zagreb

PROMET - Traffic&Transportation ◽

10.7307/ptt.v26i2.1471 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 179-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gordana Štefančić ◽

Slavko Šarić ◽

Robert Spudić

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Public Transport ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

Theoretical Assumption ◽

Adequate Model ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Urban Public Transport ◽

Travelling Time

Investment in the transport system with the aim of fostering attractiveness and land use in urban structures is of great interest for planners and investors. Investment in urban public transport would especially contribute to revitalising distinct city areas. The samples of high population density and diversified area use are organised around accessible means of urban public transport.The main objective of this case study was to find an adequate model for the solution of urban public transport on the location Novi Jelkovec in Zagreb after the construction of a new urban settlement, with the aim to revitalise the peripheral parts of the city. The theoretical assumption on the influence of better organised transport on land use is hereby researched through the example of correction of timetables and reduction of travelling time between nodes on the line in the Novi Jelkovec settlement. In preparing this paper the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, mathematical and statistical methods, methods of interviewing. The theory of correlation of land use and urban public transport is based on models that develop the “compact city”. The obtained research results confirm the significance of the correlation between urban land use and urban public transport. It can be concluded that this paper proves the influence of the correlation between land use and urban public transport on the concrete example of Novi Jelkovec. Its implementation could result in solving the concrete traffic problem and along with it a faster urbanisation of the new settlement.

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Anthropogenic Stressors in Upland Rivers: Aquatic Macrophyte Responses. A Case Study from Bulgaria

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10122708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2708

Author(s):

Gana Gecheva ◽

Karin Pall ◽

Milcho Todorov ◽

Ivan Traykov ◽

Nikolina Gribacheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

Aquatic Macrophytes ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Base Flow ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Anthropogenic Stressors ◽

Biological Responses ◽

Riparian Habitats

Upland rivers across Europe still exhibit undisturbed conditions and represent a treasure that we cannot afford to lose. We hypothesize that the combination of pristine and modified conditions could demonstrate biological responses along the stressor gradients. Thus, the response of aquatic macrophyte communities to anthropogenic stressors along upland rivers in Bulgaria was studied. Six stressors were selected out of 36 parameters grouped into hydromorphological, chemical variables and combined drivers (catchment land use). The stressors strongly affected species richness on the basis of biological type (bryophytes vs. vascular plants) and ecomorphological type (hydrophytes vs. helophytes). Hydrological alteration expressed by the change of the river’s base flow and altered riparian habitats has led to a suppression of bryophytes and a dominance of riverbank plant communities. Seventy-five percent of mountain sites were lacking bryophytes, and the vegetation at semi-mountainous sites was dominated by vascular plants. It can be concluded that hydropeaking, organic and inorganic pollution, and discontinuous urban structures caused important modifications in the aquatic macrophyte assemblages. Macrophyte abundance and the biological and ecomorphological type of aquatic macrophytes reflect multi-stressor effects in upland rivers.

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Magnetic Signatures of Pampean Soils, A Case Study

Southern Hemisphere Paleo- and Neoclimates ◽

10.1007/978-3-642-59694-0_6 ◽

2000 ◽

pp. 91-102

Author(s):

Paulina Nabel ◽

Nikolai Petersen

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Signatures

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The dynamics of population distributions in cities based on daily mobile phone operations: A case study of some Moravian cities

Moravian Geographical Reports ◽

10.2478/mgr-2021-0006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 71-86

Author(s):

Gabriel Kopáčik ◽

Antonín Vaishar ◽

Eva Šimara

Keyword(s):

Mobile Phone ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Structure ◽

Residential Areas ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Population Distributions ◽

Dynamics Of Population ◽

The City ◽

Permanent Residents

Abstract Analyses of the changes in the presence of persons in different central and residential parts of urban areas are subject to evaluation in this paper. Case studies of the cities of Brno, Ostrava and Zlín during the day and night are highlighted. Data from a provider of mobile phone services were used for the analyses. It appears that the data can be important for the comparison of different urban structures. The results demonstrate that the organisation of urban structure affects the number of visitors and thus the area attractiveness. It was confirmed that the number of mobile phone users in the city cores is higher than the number of permanent residents. The greatest differences between the day and night in the city cores were found in Brno, a concentric city with the most important central functions among the cities studied. Differences between the day and night in residential areas were not as large as expected. City neighbourhoods in Brno showed some specific rhythmicity.

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Landscape As A Resource For Squat Farming

Acta Horticulturae et Regiotecturae ◽

10.1515/ahr-2014-0009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 35-37 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Attila TÓTH ◽

L’ubica FERIANCOVÁ

Keyword(s):

Research Question ◽

Social Dimension ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Social Dimensions ◽

Main Research ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Scientific Mission ◽

The Social ◽

Land Cultivation

Abstract The contemporary Urban Agriculture (UA) is represented by a range of diverse farming typologies taking place in the urban environment. Nowadays, there is an unconventional form of UA called squat farming. The research object of this paper is represented by the case study of Can Masdeu which stands for a squatted and cultivated land at the northern city border of Barcelona. The goal of our Short Term Scientific Mission carried out in the Barcelona Metropolitan Region was to define and study diverse typologies of UA at different levels and scales. One of these types is represented by the ongoing phenomenon of squat farming. Concerning this form, there are two main research questions: 1) How are landscape and urban structures influenced and formed by the activity of land cultivation? and 2) How is the social dimension of squat farming structured – who are the users, what is their motivation, aim and vision? To answer the first research question, we applied spatial and perceptual analyses, and concerning the second research question, the users have been interviewed within discussions and questionnaires. The results include characteristics of spatial and social dimensions of squat farming described on the case study of Can Masdeu.

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Making cities circular: Experiences from the living lab Hamburg-Altona

European Spatial Research and Policy ◽

10.18778/1231-1952.27.2.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 59-77

Author(s):

Andreas Obersteg ◽

Alessandro Arlati ◽

Jörg Knieling

Keyword(s):

Creative Process ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Local Governance ◽

Planning System ◽

Spatial Organisation ◽

Urban Structures ◽

Living Lab ◽

Local Stakeholders ◽

Challenges And Opportunities

The article argues that to reach circular economy goals urban regions need to identify and understand the challenges and opportunities originating from the differences in spatial settings, and to develop place-based solutions by adequately involving (local) stakeholders. Based on the case study that was conducted in Hamburg within the Horizon2020 project REPAiR, spatial specificities in five different urban areas shall be analysed and strategies that were developed in a co-creative process shall be explored. The results show that the spatial organisation of CE strategies depends on urban structures and stakeholders’ interest and needs to be embedded in the (local) governance setting and a spatial planning system.

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