scholarly journals Making cities circular: Experiences from the living lab Hamburg-Altona

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-77
Author(s):  
Andreas Obersteg ◽  
Alessandro Arlati ◽  
Jörg Knieling
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The article argues that to reach circular economy goals urban regions need to identify and understand the challenges and opportunities originating from the differences in spatial settings, and to develop place-based solutions by adequately involving (local) stakeholders. Based on the case study that was conducted in Hamburg within the Horizon2020 project REPAiR, spatial specificities in five different urban areas shall be analysed and strategies that were developed in a co-creative process shall be explored. The results show that the spatial organisation of CE strategies depends on urban structures and stakeholders’ interest and needs to be embedded in the (local) governance setting and a spatial planning system.

Building Reconstruction After Large-Scale Disasters A Case Study of Ishinomaki City After the Great East Japan Earthquake

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (sp) ◽  
pp. 780-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michio Ubaura ◽  
◽  
Junpei Nieda ◽  
Masashi Miyakawa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Compact City ◽  
Building Reconstruction

In large-scale disasters and the subsequent recovery process, land usage and urban spatial forms change. It is therefore important to use this process as an opportunity to create a more sustainable spatial structure. This study considers the urban spatial transformations that took place after the Great East Japan Earthquake, their causes, and accompanying issues by investigating building construction in the recovery process. The authors discovered that individual rebuilding is primarily concentrated in vacant lots within the city’s existing urbanized areas. This is likely due to the spatial impact of the urban planning and agricultural land use planning system, the area division of urbanization promotion areas, and the urbanization restricted areas, all of which were in place prior to the disaster and which have guided development. On the other hand, there are areas severely damaged by tsunami in which there has been little reconstruction of housing that was completely destroyed. The authors concluded that building reconstruction in Ishinomaki City resulted in both the formation of a high-density compact city and also very low-density urban areas.

scholarly journals Method for Quantifying Supply and Demand of Construction Minerals in Urban Regions—A Case Study of Hanoi and Its Hinterland

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4358
Author(s):  
Georg Schiller ◽  
Tamara Bimesmeier ◽  
Anh T.V. Pham
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Urban Structures

Urbanization is a global trend: Since 2007 more than 50% of the world’s population have been living in urban areas, and rates of urbanization are continuing to rise everywhere. This growth in urbanization has led to an increased demand for natural resources, in particular non-metallic minerals such as stones, sand and clay, which account for one third of the entire flow of materials. Generally, these materials are traded within regional markets. This close geographical link between the demand for building materials in urban areas and the material supply in the hinterland leads to massive interventions in the natural environment and landscape. These urban–rural linkages can be revealed by applying Material Flow Analysis (MFA) to the built environment in order to trace the flows of building materials. The objective of this paper is to present a method for quantifying regional material flows by considering the supply and demand of building materials. This will be applied to the Vietnamese case study area of Hanoi and its hinterland province Hoa Binh. The results indicate a consumption of almost 60% of the construction mineral reserves in total secured by planning in the hinterland province considering a period of 15 years. However, this does not allow for the general conclusion that raw materials are sufficiently available. The sand reservoirs are only sufficient for eight years and clay reserves are used up after four years. This increases the need to exploit further raw material reserves, which are becoming increasingly scarce and results in stronger interventions in nature In order to safeguard the hinterland from the negative impacts of urbanization, a new understanding of resource efficiency is needed—one that acknowledges both resource efficiency in the construction of urban structures and appropriate resource conservation in the provision of the raw materials from the hinterland. This will require the creation of new integrated planning approaches between urban and regional planning authorities. Regional MFA is one way of realising such an approach.

scholarly journals The dynamics of population distributions in cities based on daily mobile phone operations: A case study of some Moravian cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
Gabriel Kopáčik ◽  
Antonín Vaishar ◽  
Eva Šimara
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
Dynamics Of Population ◽  
The City ◽  
Permanent Residents

Abstract Analyses of the changes in the presence of persons in different central and residential parts of urban areas are subject to evaluation in this paper. Case studies of the cities of Brno, Ostrava and Zlín during the day and night are highlighted. Data from a provider of mobile phone services were used for the analyses. It appears that the data can be important for the comparison of different urban structures. The results demonstrate that the organisation of urban structure affects the number of visitors and thus the area attractiveness. It was confirmed that the number of mobile phone users in the city cores is higher than the number of permanent residents. The greatest differences between the day and night in the city cores were found in Brno, a concentric city with the most important central functions among the cities studied. Differences between the day and night in residential areas were not as large as expected. City neighbourhoods in Brno showed some specific rhythmicity.

scholarly journals New Curriculum Reform in China and its Impact on Teachers

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyuan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Education System ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Complex Dimensions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Impact

China, the developing country with the largest and oldest public education system, is transforming its education system through a nation-wide curriculum reform. This large-scale curriculum change signifies China's complex and multi-dimensional processes and endeavors in empowering its educational system to meet the challenges and opportunities in the era of globalization. This paper reports on an interpretive case study with a particular interest in understanding the impact of the nation-wide curriculum reform on teachers in urban areas. Findings from this study present the complex dimensions of teachers’ lived experiences during this dramatic education change and shed new insights on the current teaching profession in urban China.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities for Septage Management in the Urban Areas of Indonesia – Case Study in Bandung City

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Pham Ngoc Bao ◽  
Muhammad Sonny Abfertiawan ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Fahmi Hakim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

scholarly journals Uncovering hidden urban bounty: A case study of Hidden Harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Chloé Poitevin DesRivières
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Private Lands ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Social Environmental

Urban food systems primarily rely on foods grown in rural spaces, and often face challenges in creating spaces to grow fresh, healthful and affordable food in cities. Urban food harvest organizations aim to overcome these challenges by locating and harvesting food that already exists in cities on the numerous fruit- and nut-bearing trees located on public and private lands. Hidden Harvest is a leading initiative for urban fruit and nut harvesting in Canada, and unique in its for-profit social enterprise model. The organization aims to legitimize and support the practice of harvesting fruits and nuts in urban areas, and provides a means to increase access to—and availability of—fresh, healthful foods hyper-locally in Ottawa, as people harvest from their own (or nearby) neighborhoods. This field report examines the challenges and opportunities faced by Hidden Harvest in attempting to link multiple social, environmental and economic goals relating to food sovereignty, social justice and ecological sustainability. In particular, the organization seeks to establish a self-sustaining business model through innovative solutions and the development of networks with local food processes, food organizations and businesses, which enables Hidden Harvest to grow and develop distinct ties and relationships in Ottawa. This case study reveals how organizations such as Hidden Harvest use food to enhance and tie together local economies, knowledge, food security and community well-being.

scholarly journals Local Governance Platforms: Roles and Relations of City Governments, Citizens, and Businesses

2022 ◽  
pp. 009539972110725
Author(s):  
Kaisu Sahamies ◽  
Arto Haveri ◽  
Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko
Keyword(s):  
Local Governance ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Added Value ◽  
City Governments ◽  
Platform Governance ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Multiple Case ◽  
The Subject

This article analyses the dynamics of local platform governance with special regard to the roles and relations of city governments, citizens, and local businesses. We approach the subject through five Finnish platforms in which city governments are actively involved. This multiple case study shows that city governments tend to adopt a facilitative and enabling role on the platforms. They seek to create value by utilizing skills, knowledge, and resources of local communities in different kinds of co-creation processes. Local platform governance brings added value to innovation and urban vitality by utilizing multiple roles of citizens, businesses, and other local stakeholders.

scholarly journals DO POST-SOCIALIST URBAN AREAS MAINTAIN THEIR SUSTAINABLE COMPACT FORM? ROMANIAN URBAN AREAS AS CASE STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Raluca GRĂDINARU ◽  
Cristian Ioan IOJĂ ◽  
Ileana PĂTRU-STUPARIU
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Compact Form ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Housing Provision ◽  
The Public ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Development Trajectories

The compact city is regarded as an important concept in promoting sustainable development, especially within the European Union. The socialist urban planning system maintained a high compactness of the urban areas through almost exclusive predominance of the public sector in housing provision, and ideological nature of the planning strategies. After the 1990’s, the administrative decentralization allowed local authorities to adopt particular urban development strategies. However, development was directly influenced by the importance of the urban administrative centre. The aim of the paper is to determine if post-socialist urban areas maintained their compact urban form or they encountered different evolution trajectories. We determined the type of changes by calculating urban form indicators at two time moments: 1990 and 2006. Furthermore, the two-way repeated-measurement ANOVA was used to identify significant changes, and to assess the effect of the development level of the urban area on the variance of form indicators. The results show that Romanian post-socialist urban areas either shifted from the compact form, "inherited" after the collapse of socialism, to more dispersed patterns, either expanded in a compact manner. Moreover, as development level got higher, urban areas were more likely to be affected by suburbanization and periurbanization. In order to respond to these challenges, new instruments such as setting of metropolitan areas or spatial framework plans could be used. Furthermore, planning should be adapted to local circumstances and to the different development trajectories of big and mid-sized urban areas.

scholarly journals Situating local stakeholders within national disaster governance structures: rebuilding urban neighbourhoods following the 2015 Nepal earthquake

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Daly ◽  
Sabin Ninglekhu ◽  
Pia Hollenbach ◽  
Jennifer Duyne Barenstein ◽  
Dori Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
National Level ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Urban Neighbourhoods ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
National Disaster

A 7.8-magnitude earthquake struck Nepal on 25 April 2015, killing nearly 9,000 people and destroying half a million homes. This paper analyses the effectiveness of Nepali government institutions managing the reconstruction. Using institutional ethnography, we analyse how the post-earthquake governance framework has incorporated the flexibility and decentralization outlined in pre-earthquake plans. We balance this with observations from five case study urban settlements in the Kathmandu Valley to provide a “bottom-up” perspective on how local stakeholders are engaged in rebuilding their communities. The creation of ad hoc national-level disaster management agencies can weaken already under-resourced local governance structures. The Nepal case study reveals that national disaster management plans drafted after the Hyogo and Sendai frameworks, which promote the decentralization of disaster governance, are not necessarily followed up with practical steps to empower local stakeholders and facilitate decentralization – and are readily dismissed in the face of a real emergency.

Rescuing industrial memory: the industrial heritage of Isla Teja sixty years after the natural disaster

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Arnet
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Recovery Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Heritage ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Environmentally Sensitive ◽  
The City ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

PurposeThis paper explores tools and methodologies associated with the recovery of industrial areas from a territorial and urban perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis study describes the theoretical foundations of a specific industrial reality, using the city of Valdivia as a case study. Intermediate cities are resilient urban areas that support the changes derived from deindustrialization. Here, we present the contextualization of a contemporary recovery tool in Valdivia. First, industrial and geographical antecedents are described. Then, essential aspects of memory, territory and society are defined. Finally, challenges and opportunities derived from the contextual approach of the proposed recovery model are discussed.FindingsThree thematic lines were used to design the proposed heritage recovery model: memory, territory and society. The recovery of industrial memory, a programmatic reconstruction that includes a contemporary and environmentally sensitive utilization of the territory, and the restoration of the lost connection between the city and the territory, proved to be essential in this task.Research limitations/implicationsThis proactive research allowed an in-depth analysis of the addressed topic and the exhaustive design of a tool for heritage recovery, following the provisions of the regional legislation. However, the authors acknowledge that the contextualization of the contextualization of the project actual project may limit the project execution.Originality/valueThis paper explores the development of a new tool for the evaluation, intervention, and preservation of the industrial heritage of intermediate cities, as an alternative to the traditional methods of intervention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document