scholarly journals Rethinking post-Covid-19 school design in Brazil: adaptation strategies for public schools PEE-12 FNDE

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 339-350
Author(s):  
Sinara Furlani ◽  
Grace Tibério Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Design Patterns ◽  
Adaptive Design ◽  
World Health ◽  
School Design ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
School Architecture ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
21St Century Schools ◽  
Design Scenario

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease COVID-19, whose causative virus is SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic. An important measure was the closure of schools in several countries to try to reduce the contagion levels, so that students were not exposed to risk, nor their families. The question that arises within this context is: In school architecture, what are the appropriate design methods to deal with challenges during and after a pandemic? In this scope, the article aimed to propose an adaptive design scenario in the post-pandemic moment for a standard school in Brazil. The methodology was built through a literature review and multidisciplinary research, to later present strategies based on the recommendations of competent bodies and studies focused on the school architecture, design patterns for 21st-century schools, technology and security. The focus was on design challenges in the education field in the post-pandemic moment, and on the adaptation of the school built spaces for the return of activities. The results can help the school community and public agencies in making decisions to face this challenge, recreating safer, user-centered schools.

scholarly journals Overweight and obesity: prevalence in children and adolescents in Northern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Edson Dos Santos Farias ◽  
Katia Fernanda Alves Moreira ◽  
Josivana Pontes dos Santos ◽  
Ivanice Fernandes Barcellos Gemelli ◽  
Gean Magalhães da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Porto Velho

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease with a multifactorial etiology, brought about by a set of genetic, environmental and psychological factors. This may generate comorbidities that affect the quality of life and involve other risks to health. Objective: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children and adolescents in Porto Velho - Rondônia, Brazil in the period  2013-2016. Methods: This study included 4165 schoolchildren aged 9 to 18 years. The students were classified as overweight and obese, according to the z score of the body mass index (BMI) for age and calculated according the WHO AnthroPlus program. Subsequently, BMI for age was categorized according to the criteria proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO, 2007): overweight (? score z +1 ? z + 2) and obese (? score z +2). Prevalence calculations were performed using the SPSS version 20.0 program.   Results: Overall, the prevalence of overweight was 27.1%, being overweight 18.8% and obese 8.3%, in private schools 21.4% and 9.8%, public schools 17.0% and 7.2% respectively. The east zone predominated in both education networks 18.8% and 8.3% respectively. In males, the highest prevalence was at nine years old, 30.7% and 23.0%, and female, 24.3% and 13.8%. Conclusion: The magnitude of the prevalence of overweight and obesity was high and worrying among schoolchildren and adolescents in the city of Porto Velho, which demonstrates the need for public health actions aimed at the family unit, regardless of the social segment.

scholarly journals Teenagers Lifestyles at Public and Private Schools: Screen Time and Physical Activity (Estilos de vida de los adolescentes en las escuelas públicas y privadas: tiempo de pantalla y actividad física)

Retos ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 275-281
Author(s):  
Miguel Fialho Pombeiro ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
José Alves Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
Private School ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Health Organization

This study aims to compare lifestyles (LS) of students at private and public schools. All schools are from Lisbon´s region (Lisbon). Five lifestyles profiles (LSP) were recognized and interpreted based on physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST). The methodology and the instruments used were adapted from the International Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study conducted under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO). Overall, the sample consists of N=2906 students of both genders averagely aged 13.6 years (SD=1.8). The results showed that in both public and private school the access and use of technological equipment’s is being democratized, but that is not true with PA practice; students of private schools are more disciplined in PA and in ST consume.Rsumen: Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar el estilo de vida de los estudiantes de las escuelas públicas y privadas de la región de Lisboa. Cinco perfiles de estilo de vida fueron reconocidos e interpretados teniendo en cuenta la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla. La metodología y los instrumentos utilizados en este estudio son el resultado de una adaptación del Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children en niños en edad escolar realizado bajo los auspicios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. El estudio incluye N = 2906 estudiantes de ambos sexos, con una media de 13,6 años (SD = 1,8). Los resultados mostraron que en las escuelas públicas y privadas, hay una democratización del acceso y uso de la tecnología, pero no en la actividad física; estudiantes de colegios privados son más disciplinados en la práctica de la actividad física y el tiempo de pantalla.Resumo. O presente estudo pretende comparar o estilo de vida dos alunos de escolas privadas e públicas da Região de Lisboa. Cinco perfis de estilo de vida, foram reconhecidos e interpretados em função da prática de atividade física e do tempo de ecrã. A metodologia e instrumentos utilizados neste estudo resultam de uma adaptação do estudo Internacional Health Beaviour in School-aged Children realizado sob a égide da Organização Mundial de Saúde. O estudo inclui N=2906 alunos de ambos os géneros, com uma média de idades de 13.6 anos (DP=1.8). Os resultados mostraram que em ambas as escolas públicas e privadas, existe uma democratização no acesso e na utilização tecnológica, mas não na prática de atividade física; os alunos das escolas privadas são mais disciplinados na prática de atividade física e no tempo de ecrã.  

scholarly journals Determinants of Overweight and Obesity Among Adolescent Students in Public Secondary Schools in Kwara State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. J Lateef ◽  
E Njogu ◽  
F. Kiplamai ◽  
U. S Haruna ◽  
R. A Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adolescent Students ◽  
Health Organization

Adolescents and childhood overweight and obesity have been observed as one of the serious public health challenges of the 21st century by World Health Organization. This study identified the determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents in public schools in Kwara state, Nigeria. Multistage and stratified sampling techniques were used to randomly select 515 participants which comprised of 343 girls and 172 boys aged (10-19) years in 8 public secondary schools from 32 schools in 2 zonal inspectorate divisions. Data was collected using modified Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A). Digital bathroom scale and stadiometer were used to measure weight and height of the participants. (SPSS, Version 20) and WHO Anthroplus were used to analyze the data Overall prevalence of overweight is (4.7%) and obesity (0.2%), while prevalence for male and female overweight (0.6%, 6.7%) and obesity (0%, 0.3%) respectively. Calculated mean BMI for age of the participants was (19.72± 2.62) kg/m2. Overweight and obesity were positive but weakly correlated to food consumption (FC) of participants (r= 0.012), however the relationship was significant (p< 0.001). Furthermore, overweight and obesity were negatively correlated with no significance to the physical activity level of participants (r=-0.105). Participants need to consume more of low calorie foods such as fruits and vegetables and should also engage in more physical activity practices such as aerobics to lower overweight and obesity prevalence.

scholarly journals A Survey Based Study on the Sun Safety Knowledge of Students Attending Public Schools in San Antonio, TX

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
Venkata Anisha Guda ◽  
Sandra Osswald
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
5Th Grade ◽  
3Rd Grade

1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime but 80% of skin cancer is preventable. According to the World Health Organization, the majority of sun exposure occurs before the age of 18. Because children spend much of their time outdoors, teachers should ensure students have enough knowledge to protect themselves from the sun. After speaking with various educators and parents in the San Antonio, TX community, it became apparent that insufficient knowledge is provided to students and families regarding sun damage and protection. A 1 hour powerpoint presentation was created and given to 3rd grade and 5th grade classes at 10 public elementary schools in San Antonio, TX. An 8 question pre test and post test was also provided to the students. The 8 question test assessed how much the students had learned from the presentation, if they currently protect themselves from the sun, and whether they use sunscreen. 106 students in 3rd grade and 95 students in 5th grade took the pre- and post-test. Both classes improved their score from the pre to the posttest. 3rd graders missed an average of 2.45 questions on the pretest and 2.12 questions on the posttest. 5th graders missed an average of 3.29 questions on the pretest and 1.21 questions on the posttest. Additionally, only 37% of 3rd graders and 15% of 5th graders claimed that they always use sunscreen. From the results of the study, it is apparent that students improved their knowledge regarding sun damage and protection by listening to the presentation. Therefore, it is imperative that children, parents, and teachers continue to be educated in San Antonio, TX so that the next generation can protect themselves from the sun.

scholarly journals Association of clinical, social and environmental variables with dental caries prevalence in adolescents from a Brazilian municipality supplied with fluoridated water

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Ferreira Marques ◽  
Aretuza Pires dos Santos Lattanzi ◽  
Flavia Maia Silveira ◽  
Maria Isabel Bastos Valente ◽  
Karine Laura Cortellazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
World Health ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Probabilistic Sample

Abstract Background Although a trend towards dental caries reduction has been observed, further investigations on its pattern and development are still needed. Objective To investigate the influence of clinical, social and environmental variables on dental caries prevalence in adolescents from a Brazilian municipality supplied with fluoridated water in 2018. Method This study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 277 adolescents aged 12 years of public schools in Nova Friburgo, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Clinical examinations were carried out by calibrated examiners to assess caries, periodontal disease, and fluorosis according to criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO). Semi-structured questionnaires were applied to record socio-environmental information. Results Individuals living in regions supplied with fluoridated water below the minimum required levels (OR=3.60, p=0.0006), with low income (OR=1.90, p=0.0444), presence of gingivitis (OR=3.36; p=0.0016), and whose reason for visiting the dentist was dental treatment (OR=2.41; p=0.0203) were more likely to have dental caries. A significant reduction (p<0.0001) in dental caries indexes was observed between 2012 and 2018. Conclusion Fluoridation of public water supply at unsuitable levels, as well as other social and clinical variables can influence the caries pattern in adolescents.

Obstacles to Claiming Permanence and Injury-Relatedness for “Posttraumatic” Headache

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Robert J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
Complete Recovery ◽  
World Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Headache ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Causative Relationship ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Subjective Reports

Abstract “Posttraumatic” headaches claims are controversial because they are subjective reports often provided in the complex of litigation, and the underlying pathogenesis is not defined. This article reviews principles and scientific considerations in the AMAGuides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) that should be noted by evaluators who examine such cases. Some examples in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, may seem to imply that mild head trauma can cause permanent impairment due to headache. The author examines scientific findings that present obstacles to claiming that concussion or mild traumatic brain injury is a cause of permanent headache. The World Health Organization, for example, found a favorable prognosis for posttraumatic headache, and complete recovery over a short period of time was the norm. Other studies have highlighted the lack of a dose-response correlation between trauma and prolonged headache complaints, both in terms of the frequency and the severity of trauma. On the one hand, scientific studies have failed to support the hypothesis of a causative relationship between trauma and permanent or prolonged headaches; on the other hand, non–trauma-related factors are strongly associated with complaints of prolonged headache.

Sixth Edition: the New Standard

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Brigham ◽  
Robert D. Rondinelli ◽  
Elizabeth Genovese ◽  
Craig Uejo ◽  
Marjorie Eskay-Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Revision Process ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Impairment Ratings ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Impairment Severity

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), Sixth Edition, was published in December 2007 and is the result of efforts to enhance the relevance of impairment ratings, improve internal consistency, promote precision, and simplify the rating process. The revision process was designed to address shortcomings and issues in previous editions and featured an open, well-defined, and tiered peer review process. The principles underlying the AMA Guides have not changed, but the sixth edition uses a modified conceptual framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF), a comprehensive model of disablement developed by the World Health Organization. The ICF classifies domains that describe body functions and structures, activities, and participation; because an individual's functioning and disability occur in a context, the ICF includes a list of environmental factors to consider. The ICF classification uses five impairment classes that, in the sixth edition, were developed into diagnosis-based grids for each organ system. The grids use commonly accepted consensus-based criteria to classify most diagnoses into five classes of impairment severity (normal to very severe). A figure presents the structure of a typical diagnosis-based grid, which includes ranges of impairment ratings and greater clarity about choosing a discreet numerical value that reflects the impairment.

The Historical Development of Burden of Treatment Compliance

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 13-15
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Demeter
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Specific Goal ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract A long-standing criticism of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides) has been the inequity between the internal medicine ratings and the orthopedic ratings; in the comparison, internal medicine ratings appear inflated. A specific goal of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, was to diminish, where possible, those disparities. This led to the use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the World Health Organization in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, including the addition of the burden of treatment compliance (BOTC). The BOTC originally was intended to allow rating internal medicine conditions using the types and numbers of medications as a surrogate measure of the severity of a condition when other, more traditional methods, did not exist or were insufficient. Internal medicine relies on step-wise escalation of treatment, and BOTC usefully provides an estimate of impairment based on the need to be compliant with treatment. Simplistically, the need to take more medications may indicate a greater impairment burden. BOTC is introduced in the first chapter of the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, which clarifies that “BOTC refers to the impairment that results from adhering to a complex regimen of medications, testing, and/or procedures to achieve an objective, measurable, clinical improvement that would not occur, or potentially could be reversed, in the absence of compliance.

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