Deriving a Fire Occurrence Scenario Using Fire-Statistical Causation

According to the statistics obtained by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in 2019, approximately 40% of the buildings in the nation are buildings aged 30 or more years after completion. The Framework Act on Firefighting Services does not apply to old buildings, and they fall into a blind spot of the fire safety performance system. A large fire in a multi-dense facility causes heavy social casualties. This study therefore aimed to establish the type of fire occurrence and fire source scenario of a building for securing fire safety performance. The current fire scenario derivation method, which was identified as a causation factor among other detailed statistical factors, was analyzed to allow for differentiation from the proposed method. The base data were analyzed to establish fire response and prevention and for developing a performance-based fire-fighting design scenario by deriving a fire occurrence scenario.

Hurry Up, We Need to Find the Key! How Regulatory Focus Design Affects Children’s Trust in a Social Robot

In educational scenarios involving social robots, understanding the way robot behaviors affect children’s motivation to achieve their learning goals is of vital importance. It is crucial for the formation of a trust relationship between the child and the robot so that the robot can effectively fulfill its role as a learning companion. In this study, we investigate the effect of a regulatory focus design scenario on the way children interact with a social robot. Regulatory focus theory is a type of self-regulation that involves specific strategies in pursuit of goals. It provides insights into how a person achieves a particular goal, either through a strategy focused on “promotion” that aims to achieve positive outcomes or through one focused on “prevention” that aims to avoid negative outcomes. In a user study, 69 children (7–9 years old) played a regulatory focus design goal-oriented collaborative game with the EMYS robot. We assessed children’s perception of likability and competence and their trust in the robot, as well as their willingness to follow the robot’s suggestions when pursuing a goal. Results showed that children perceived the prevention-focused robot as being more likable than the promotion-focused robot. We observed that a regulatory focus design did not directly affect trust. However, the perception of likability and competence was positively correlated with children’s trust but negatively correlated with children’s acceptance of the robot’s suggestions.

Opposite Peak Ratio to Characterize Ground Motion Loading History for Performance-Based Design

Recent studies have revealed the impact of ground motion loading history on performance limit states of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge columns such as reinforcement bar-buckling and residual drift ratio. Conventional hazard characterizations such as peak ground acceleration, spectral acceleration, and spectral displacement only capture peak values of ground motion hazard and, therefore, fall short of providing the necessary information to account for these limit states. In this study, a parameter termed as the opposite peak ratio (Rop) is defined, explored, and shown to be useful in reproducing loading history characteristics of ground motions for displacement-based design. Several past ground motion records were analyzed to develop empirical models that can estimate Rop. These models provide the mean and confidence intervals of Rop as a function of earthquake magnitude, epicentral distance, structural period, hysteretic model, and displacement ductility. To motivate practitioners to make use of Rop, a design scenario and two case studies are discussed. In an RC bridge column design scenario, it is shown that having prior information about the expected Rop at the site could reduce the structural cost of the bridge. Next, case studies designed to investigate correlations between Rop and the performance limit states of RC bridge columns are discussed. By analyzing the results of nonlinear time-history analyses of numerical RC column models, it is established that Rop could potentially be a significant variable in generating fragility models for these limit-states.

Rethinking post-Covid-19 school design in Brazil: adaptation strategies for public schools PEE-12 FNDE

In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease COVID-19, whose causative virus is SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic. An important measure was the closure of schools in several countries to try to reduce the contagion levels, so that students were not exposed to risk, nor their families. The question that arises within this context is: In school architecture, what are the appropriate design methods to deal with challenges during and after a pandemic? In this scope, the article aimed to propose an adaptive design scenario in the post-pandemic moment for a standard school in Brazil. The methodology was built through a literature review and multidisciplinary research, to later present strategies based on the recommendations of competent bodies and studies focused on the school architecture, design patterns for 21st-century schools, technology and security. The focus was on design challenges in the education field in the post-pandemic moment, and on the adaptation of the school built spaces for the return of activities. The results can help the school community and public agencies in making decisions to face this challenge, recreating safer, user-centered schools.

Karakteristik Gelombang Laut pada Rencana Pembangunan Breakwater di Pelabuhan Tanjung Adikarto

ABSTRAKDesain breakwater pada pembangunan Pelabuhan Tanjung Adikarto telah beberapa kali mengalami perubahan sejak tahun 2003. Pelaksanaan konstruksi breakwater sisi barat dan sisi timur pada tahun 2007 dan 2008 mengalami kegagalan akibat gelombang tinggi dari Samudera Hindia yang dianggap merusak. Desain review dengan sudut breakwater yang bergeser untuk membuka jalur navigasi dibuat pada tahun 2011 dan proses konstruksinya terhenti pada tahun 2012. Desain tinjauan ketiga dibuat pada tahun 2013 namun hingga saat ini konstruksinya belum dimulai. Berdasarkan laporan Proyek Yogya yang disupervisi oleh TU Delft, diketahui bahwa belum pernah dilakukan penelitian mengenai kondisi hidrodinamika untuk perencanaan pelabuhan. Pada penelitian ini, pemodelan hidrodinamika dan pemodelan transformasi gelombang dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengkaji karakteristik gelombang di sekitar breakwater. Pemodelan dilakukan untuk skenario desain tahun 2011 dan desain tahun 2013. Simulasi dilakukan pada bulan bulan Januari (musim barat) dan bulan Juli (musim timur) selama 30 hari guna mengetahui efektifitas dari breakwater dalam meredam gelombang.Kata kunci: breakwater, pemodelan, hidrodinamika, gelombang. ABSTRACTSince 2003, the breakwater design in the development planning for the Tanjung Adikarto Port has changed several times. The construction of the west and east side breakwaters in 2007 and 2008 failed due to high waves from the Indian Ocean which were considered destructive. A review design with a shifted breakwater angle to open the navigation chanel was made in 2011 and the construction also stopped in 2012. The third review design was made in 2013 but the construction has yet to begin. Based on the Yogya Project report supervised by TU Delft, it is known that hydrodynamic conditions have never been assessed for port planning. In this study, hydrodynamic and wave transformation modeling were carried out in order to study the characteristics of the waves around the breakwater. Modeling was carried out for the 2011 design scenario and also for 2013 review design scenario to determine the effectiveness of the breakwater in reducing waves.Keywords: breakwater, modeling, hydrodynamics, wave.

EFEKTIVITAS PENCAHAYAAN PADA RUANG BACA DAN RUANG PERKULIAHAN DI GEDUNG BUNG HATTA PROGRAM PASCASARJANA UNJ MENGGUNAKAN SOFTWARE DIALUX EVO 8.2

This research aims to produce of illumination the appropriate lighting in the reading room and lecture room. Because sometimes in the construction of a building, there are still many techicians who have not followed the rules that have been set for appropriate illumination lighting in the reading room and lecture rooms. In this research using a quantitative approach with a descriptive engineering method engineering by utilizing three phases i.e manual measurement, manual calculations and simulated of Dialux Evo 8.2. The manual measurement uses Luxmeter as a measurement to get the value of the measured illumination in the reading room and lecture rooms based on the Standar. The manual calculation uses the calculation method according to SNI. The simulation uses Dialux Evo 8.2 software to optimize the value of the lighting which should be used in the reading room and lecture rooms. The results showed that illumination values were produced in the reading room and the lecture rooms still did not meet the specified Standars. Research do 3 design scenario improvements. The first scenario in the reading room and the lecture room was obtained average optimization percentage of 72% and 57% in the second scenario obtained the optimization percentage 20% s/d 88%, in the third scenario of the light point added, changing the lamp and changing the wall character obtained an optimization percentage of 23% s/d 89%. It can be concluded that the scenario of two is done to Linux obtained some illumination results that conform to the Standars set in the reading room and the lecture room and the value of the deviation generated between the room that is not exposed to sunlight and the room that is exposed the sunlight has a nearby deviation. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan kuat penerangan yang sesuai pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan. Karena terkadang dalam pembangunan sebuah gedung, masih banyak beberapa teknisi yang belum mengikuti aturan yang telah ditetapkan untuk penerangan yang sesuai pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif rekayasa Teknik dengan memanfaatkan tiga fase yaitu pengukuran manual, perhitungan manual dan simulasi Dialux Evo 8.2. Pengukuran manual menggunakan Luxmeter sebagai alat ukur untuk mendapatkan nilai kuat penerangan yang terukur pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan berdasarkan Standar. Perhitungan manual menggunakan cara perhitungan menurut SNI. Simulasi menggunakan Software Dialux Evo 8.2 untuk mengoptimalkan nilai kuat penerangan yang seharusnya digunakan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai kuat penerangan yang dihasilkan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan masih belum memenuhi standar yang ditentukan. Peneliti melakukan 3 skenario desain perbaikan. Desain perbaikan skenario pertama pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan diperoleh rata-rata presentase optimalisasi 72% dan 57%, pada skenario kedua diperoleh presentase optimalisasi 20% s/d 88%, pada skenario ketiga titak lampu ditambah, merubah lampu dan merubah karakter dinding diperoleh presentase optimalisasi sebesar 23% s/d 89%. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa skenario dua yang dilakukan untuk pengoptimalisasian didapatkan beberapa hasil kuat penerangan yang sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan pada ruang baca dan ruang perkuliahan dan nilai simpangan yang dihasilkan antara ruangan yang tidak terkena cahaya matahari dan ruangan yang terkena cahaya matahari memiliki simpangan yang tidak jauh.

Beyond typologies, beyond optimization: Exploring novel structural forms at the interface of human and machine intelligence

This article presents a computer-aided design framework for the generation of non-standard structural forms in static equilibrium that takes advantage of the interaction between human and machine intelligence. The design framework relies on the implementation of a series of operations (generation, clustering, evaluation, selection, and regeneration) that allow to create multiple design options and to navigate in the design space according to objective and subjective criteria defined by the human designer. Through the interaction between human and machine intelligence, the machine can learn the nonlinear correlation between the design inputs and the design outputs preferred by the human designer and generate new options by itself. In addition, the machine can provide insights into the structural performance of the generated structural forms. Within the proposed framework, three main algorithms are used: Combinatorial Equilibrium Modeling for generating of structural forms in static equilibrium as design options, Self-Organizing Map for clustering the generated design options, and Gradient-Boosted Trees for classifying the design options. These algorithms are combined with the ability of human designers to evaluate non-quantifiable aspects of the design. To test the proposed framework in a real-world design scenario, the design of a stadium roof is presented as a case study.