Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing

Despite persistent government and industry efforts to stop the sharing and downloading of media such as files over peer-to-peer (P2P) networks, this activity shows no sign of abating. This research investigated whether psychological reactance could account for variance in the intent to engage in, and the extent of such behaviour beyond that accounted for by the standard Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) variables. No support for psychological reactance as a predictor of P2P file downloading intent or behaviour was found in this paper. However, the results did indicate that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control each accounted for significant variance in P2P file downloading behaviour, and that these relationships were fully mediated by behavioural intent. These findings are consistent with, and provide strong support for, the use of the TPB within this domain.

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Peer-to-Peer File-Sharing

International Journal of Technoethics ◽

10.4018/jte.2010100104 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (4) ◽

pp. 49-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter Allen ◽

Katherine Shepherd ◽

Lynne Roberts

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Strong Support ◽

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Psychological Reactance ◽

Standard Theory ◽

P2p Networks ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Significant Variance

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Examining the Theoretical Factors that Influence University Students to Adopt Web 2.0 Technologies

International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education ◽

10.4018/ijicte.2015010101 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yasser D. Al-Otaibi ◽

Luke Houghton

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Web 2.0 ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Web 2.0 Technologies ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control ◽

Theoretical Foundations

The purpose of this study is (1) to examine Australian university students' awareness of the benefits of Web 2.0 technologies and (2) to investigate the factors that influence students to adopt Web 2.0 technologies to supplement in-class learning, using the theoretical foundations of both Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Decomposed Theory of Planned Behaviour (DTPB). Findings indicated that most students in this study's sample were aware of the benefits of Web 2.0 technologies to supplement in-class instructions. The findings also indicated that students' attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control were strong determinants of their intention to use Web 2.0 technologies.

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Peer-to-Peer Technology for File Sharing

Encyclopedia of Virtual Communities and Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-563-4.ch071 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 372-377

Author(s):

S. H. Kwok ◽

Y. M. Cheung ◽

K. Y. Chan

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Research Projects ◽

P2p Networks ◽

P2p Computing ◽

Client Server ◽

P2p Systems ◽

Internet Users ◽

P2p File Sharing ◽

P2p Applications

A recent survey revealed that 18 millions American Internet users, or approximately 14% of total American Internet population have peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing applications running on their computers (Rainie & Madden, 2004). Not surprisingly, P2P applications have become common tools for information sharing and distribution since the appearance of Napster (Napster, 2003) in 1999. P2P systems are the distributed systems in which all nodes are equal in terms of functionality and able to directly communicate with each other without the coordination of a powerful server. Anonymity, scalability, fault resilience, decentralization and self-organization are the distinct characteristics of P2P computing (Milojicic et al., 2002) compared with the traditional client-server computing. P2P computing is believed to be capable of overcoming limitations of the computing environment placed by the client-server computing model. Milojicic et al. (2002), for example, suggested that P2P computing is capable of providing improved scalability by eliminating the limiting factor, the centralized server existing in the client-server computing. In the past few years, P2P computing and its promised characteristics have caught the attention of researchers who have studied the existing P2P networks, and the advantages and disadvantage of P2P systems. Important findings include the excessive network traffic caused by flooding-based searching mechanism that must be tackled in order to fully utilize the improved scalability of P2P systems (Matei, Iamnitchi, & Foster, 2002; Portmann & Seneviratne, 2002). There were proposed efficient searching techniques targeted for both structured and unstructured P2P systems. Other research projects were conducted to study, and were intended to complement, the drawbacks brought by distinct characteristics of P2P systems. For example, the P2P users’ free-riding behavior is generally attributed to the anonymity of such form of communication (Adar & Huberman, 2000). Recent research projects have shifted to a new line of investigation of P2P networks from the economic perspective and applications of P2P systems in workplaces (Kwok & Gao, 2004; Tiwana, 2003).

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Theory of planned behaviour factors and personality traits as determinants of the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria

Journal of Librarianship and Information Science ◽

10.1177/0961000620919783 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096100062091978

Author(s):

Adeola O Opesade ◽

Fiyinfoluwa I Alade

Keyword(s):

Personality Traits ◽

Knowledge Sharing ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Openness To Experience ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control ◽

Data Collection Instrument

While many studies have attempted to understand knowledge-sharing practices in the health-care industry, there is a dearth of knowledge about the determinants of the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists. The present study employed theory of planned behaviour constructs and personality traits to assess factors affecting the knowledge-sharing behaviour of pharmacists in Oyo State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with the use of a structured questionnaire as the data collection instrument. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out on the collected data. The findings revealed that there is a positive relationship between attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, openness to experience, agreeableness and knowledge-sharing behaviour. This implies that pharmacists whose personality traits tend towards openness to experience and agreeableness will share their knowledge more readily than those whose personality traits do not. Also, pharmacists’ knowledge-sharing behaviour can be enhanced through improvements in their attitude towards knowledge sharing, subjective norms and their perceived behavioural control.

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Alcohol-Related Social Gatherings with Coworkers: Intentions to Behave and Intentions to Not Behave

Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology ◽

10.1017/s1834490900000581 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 53-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hee Sun Park ◽

Dong Wook Lee

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Work Hours ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control

Two studies are reported using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to examine Koreans' intentions and self-reported behaviour of joining and not joining alcohol-related social gatherings with work colleagues after work hours. Study 1 showed that group-related attitudes and perceived behavioural control of the TPB components regarding joining were significantly associated with intentions to join. Study 2 examined TPB components regarding not joining and intentions to not join. Study 2 found that although none of the TPB components was directly related to intentions, subjective norms from work colleagues moderated the effect of group-related attitudes on intentions to not join. The TPB components and intentions were not significantly related to self-reported behaviour of joining. The findings indicate that the relationships between the TPB components and intentions can be different for engaging and not engaging in a behaviour.

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Mediation effect of perceived behavioural control on intended condom use: applicability of the theory of planned behaviour to money boys in China

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/sh13028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 487 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hongjie Liu ◽

May Kennedy ◽

Hui Liu ◽

Fuchang Hong ◽

Toan Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condom Use ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control ◽

Hiv Interventions ◽

Condom Use Intentions

BackgroundMoney boys (MBs) are male sex workers who sell sex to men who have sex with men. The objectives of this study were to assess (a) the sexual HIV risk of MBs; (b) the ability of the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict MBs’ intentions to use condoms; and (c) the manner in which TPB constructs (attitudes towards condom use, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control) combine to influence condom use intentions. Methods: Participants came from 10 MB-frequented clubs in two cities in China. Multiple regression and path analytic models were used to test inter-relationships among the TPB constructs. Results: Seventy-eight percent of the 122 MB participants reported having used condoms for every anal sex act. About one-third reported having had female sexual partners in the past 2 months; of these MBs, half (53%) used condoms for every sex act. A revised model using TPB constructs accounted for 52% of the variance of condom use intentions and revealed that perceived behavioural control was a mediator in pathways beginning with attitudes and ending with condom use intentions, and beginning with subjective norms and ending with intentions. Conclusions: The findings suggest that a revised model of TPB applies to condom use intentions among Chinese MBs. It may be appropriate to adapt HIV interventions that are grounded in TPB and that have been shown to be effective elsewhere for use with Chinese MBs. HIV interventions for this population should give perceived behavioural control and its predictors special consideration.

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Peer-to-Peer Networks for Content Sharing

Peer-to-Peer Computing ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-429-3.ch002 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 28-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Choon Hoong Ding ◽

Sarana Nutanong ◽

Rajkumar Buyya

Keyword(s):

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

Peer Networks ◽

P2p Networks ◽

P2p Computing ◽

P2p Systems ◽

Content Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer Networks ◽

Network Topologies ◽

Broad Overview

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems are popularly used as “file swapping” networks to support distributed content sharing. A number of P2P networks for file sharing have been developed and deployed. Napster, Gnutella, and Fasttrack are three popular P2P systems. This chapter presents a broad overview of P2P computing and focuses on content sharing networks and technologies. It also emphasizes on the analysis of network topologies used in popular P2P systems. In addition, this chapter also identifies and describes architecture models and compares various characteristics of four P2P systems—Napster, Gnutella, Fasttrack, and OpenFT.

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Using the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) in Predicting the Intent to Use the Internet for Academic Purposes

Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction ◽

10.32890/mjli.8.2011.7630 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Zainol Bidin ◽

Mohd Farid Asraf Md Hashim ◽

Zakiyah Sharif ◽

Faridahwati Mohd. Shamsudin

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

The Internet ◽

Intention To Use ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control ◽

Intent To Use ◽

Use Of Internet

Purpose – This study sought to investigate the factors that influence students’ intention to use the Internet for academic purposes in Universiti Utara Malaysia. This study applies theory of planned behaviour (TPB) as the base model. The model employed the original variables from the theory i.e. attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and intention. Method – A survey involving of questionnaires was conducted among 369 public university students. Multiple regression was employed to examine the factors influencing intention to use the Internet for academic purposes. Findings – Results revealed that the variables attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control are statistically significant in influencing intention to use the Internet for learning purposes. It was also found that 38% of the variance in students’ intention to use the Internet is cumulatively explained by their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Significance – The paper provides useful scientific insight into the relationships between attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control variables towards intention to use the Internet for academic purposes. The findings can be used to promote the use of Internet among students in enhancing their learning experience.

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Determination of pharmacy students’ patient safety approach using the theory of planned behaviour: a mixed-method study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. e050512

Author(s):

Kingston Rajiah ◽

Mari Kannan Maharajan ◽

David Chong ◽

Shee Chiao Chien ◽

Eileen Ong Xiao Li

Keyword(s):

Patient Safety ◽

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Private University ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Pharmacy Students ◽

Behavioural Control ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Behavioural Intentions ◽

Perceived Behavioural Control ◽

Students Attitudes

ObjectivesTo investigate pharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, intentions and their behaviour towards patient safety using a theory of planned behaviour framework.DesignMixed-methods research.SettingPrivate university in Malaysia.ParticipantsPharmacy undergraduate students participated in the study. There were 18 students participated in the qualitative study and 272 students responded to the survey questionnaire.MethodsA convergent parallel-mixed method design, involving a quantitative survey and qualitative focus group discussions was used among pharmacy students in a private university in Malaysia. Qualitative data of transcribed verbatim texts were then subjected to a thematic content analysis framework. Multiple correlations were undertaken using the quantitative data to examine how the dependent variable (self-reported knowledge) related to the independent variables (attitudes, behavioural intentions, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control.Primary outcomePharmacy students’ attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, behavioural intentions constructs led to their behaviour towards patient safety.Secondary outcomeThe quantitative study revealed that there was a moderate positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and attitudes (r=0.48, p=0.03).ResultsPharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs had positive correlations with pharmacy students’ self-reported knowledge on patient safety. There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and subjective norms (r=0.27, p=0.23). There was a weak positive correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and perceived behavioural control (r=0.39, p=0.04). There was no correlation between students’ self-reported knowledge and behavioural intention (r=0.20, p=0.56).ConclusionsTheory of planned behaviour constructs such as attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control and behavioural intentions of pharmacy students, defined their behaviour towards patient safety. Pharmacy students’ attitudes and perceived behavioural control constructs were correlated with their self-reported knowledge on patient safety.

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Investigating Cybercrimes that Occur on Documented P2P Networks

International Journal of Ambient Computing and Intelligence ◽

10.4018/jaci.2011040104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Mark Scanlon ◽

Alan Hannaway ◽

Mohand-Tahar Kechadi

Keyword(s):

Communication Technologies ◽

File Sharing ◽

Peer To Peer ◽

P2p Network ◽

Internet Communication ◽

P2p Networks ◽

P2p Systems ◽

And Control ◽

P2p Technology ◽

Virus Distribution

The popularity of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Internet communication technologies being exploited to aid cybercrime is ever increasing. P2P systems can be used or exploited to aid in the execution of a large number of online criminal activities, e.g., copyright infringement, fraud, malware and virus distribution, botnet creation, and control. P2P technology is perhaps most famous for the unauthorised distribution of copyrighted materials since the late 1990’s, with the popularity of file-sharing programs such as Napster. In 2004, P2P traffic accounted for 80% of all Internet traffic and in 2005, specifically BitTorrent traffic accounted for over 60% of the world’s P2P bandwidth usage. This paper outlines a methodology for investigating a documented P2P network, BitTorrent, using a sample investigation for reference throughout. The sample investigation outlined was conducted on the top 100 most popular BitTorrent swarms over the course of a one week period.

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