Mechanisms for Parallel Data Transport

2012 ◽  
pp. 172-198
Author(s):  
Jewel Okyere-Benya ◽  
Georgios Exarchakos ◽  
Vlado Menkovski ◽  
Antonio Liotta ◽  
Paolo Giaccone
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Parallel Transport ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Data Transport ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Parallel Data ◽  
Parallel Downloading ◽  
Point To Point

Evolving paradigms of parallel transport mechanisms are necessary to satisfy the ever increasing need of high performing communication systems. Parallel transport mechanisms can be described as a technique to send several data simultaneously using several parallel channels. The authors’ survey captures the entire building blocks in designing next generation parallel transport mechanisms by firstly analyzing the basic structure of a transport mechanism using a point to point scenario. They then proceed to segment parallel transport into four categories and describe some of the most sophisticated technologies such as Multipath under Point to Point, Multicast under Point to Multipoint, Parallel downloading under Multipoint to Point, and Peer to Peer streaming under Multipoint to Multipoint. The Survey enables the authors to stipulate that high performing parallel transport mechanisms can be achieved by integrating the most efficient technologies under these categories, while using the most efficient underlying Point to Point transport protocols.

scholarly journals Efficient MAP-algorithm implementation on programmable architectures

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 259-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Kienle ◽  
H. Michel ◽  
F. Gilbert ◽  
N. Wehn
Keyword(s):  
Turbo Codes ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Communication Performance ◽  
Channel Decoding ◽  
Turbo Decoder ◽  
Decoding Algorithms ◽  
Map Algorithm ◽  
Algorithm Implementation ◽  
Log Map

Abstract. Maximum-A-Posteriori (MAP) decoding algorithms are important HW/SW building blocks in advanced communication systems due to their ability to provide soft-output informations which can be efficiently exploited in iterative channel decoding schemes like Turbo-Codes. Multi-standards demand flexible implementations on programmable platforms. In this paper we analyze a quantized turbo-decoder based on a Max-Log-MAP algorithm with Extrinsic Scaling Factor (ESF). Its communication performance approximate to a Turbo-Decoder with a Log-MAP algorithm and is less sensitive to quantization effects. We present Turbo-Decoder implementations on state-of-the-art DSPs and show that only a Max-Log-MAP implementation fulfills a throughput requirement of ~2 Mbit/s. The negligible overhead for the ESF implementation strengthen the use of Max-Log-MAP with ESF implementation on programmable platforms.

scholarly journals Chestnut-crowned babbler calls are composed of meaningless shared building blocks

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (39) ◽  
pp. 19579-19584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabrina Engesser ◽  
Jennifer L. Holub ◽  
Louis G. O’Neill ◽  
Andrew F. Russell ◽  
Simon W. Townsend
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Core Component ◽  
Sound System ◽  
Combinatorial System ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Combinatorial Strategy ◽  
Recent Idea ◽  
The Way

A core component of human language is its combinatorial sound system: meaningful signals are built from different combinations of meaningless sounds. Investigating whether nonhuman communication systems are also combinatorial is hampered by difficulties in identifying the extent to which vocalizations are constructed from shared, meaningless building blocks. Here we present an approach to circumvent this difficulty and show that a pair of functionally distinct chestnut-crowned babbler (Pomatostomus ruficeps) vocalizations can be decomposed into perceptibly distinct, meaningless entities that are shared across the 2 calls. Specifically, by focusing on the acoustic distinctiveness of sound elements using a habituation-discrimination paradigm on wild-caught babblers under standardized aviary conditions, we show that 2 multielement calls are composed of perceptibly distinct sounds that are reused in different arrangements across the 2 calls. Furthermore, and critically, we show that none of the 5 constituent elements elicits functionally relevant responses in receivers, indicating that the constituent sounds do not carry the meaning of the call and so are contextually meaningless. Our work, which allows combinatorial systems in animals to be more easily identified, suggests that animals can produce functionally distinct calls that are built in a way superficially reminiscent of the way that humans produce morphemes and words. The results reported lend credence to the recent idea that language’s combinatorial system may have been preceded by a superficial stage where signalers neither needed to be cognitively aware of the combinatorial strategy in place, nor of its building blocks.

scholarly journals RF-MEMS Monolithic K and Ka Band Multi-State Phase Shifters as Building Blocks for 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) Applications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo Iannacci ◽  
Giuseppe Resta ◽  
Alvise Bagolini ◽  
Flavio Giacomozzi ◽  
Elena Bochkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Phase Shifter ◽  
Satellite Communication ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Phase Shifters ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Mems Technology

RF-MEMS, i.e., Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for Radio Frequency (RF) passive components, exhibit interesting characteristics for the upcoming 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios, in which reconfigurable broadband and frequency-agile devices, like high-order switching units, tunable filters, multi-state attenuators, and phase shifters will be necessary to enable mm-Wave services, small cells, and advanced beamforming. In particular, satellite communication systems providing high-speed Internet connectivity utilize the K and Ka bands, which offer larger bandwidth compared to lower frequencies. This paper focuses on two design concepts of multi-state phase shifter designed and manufactured in RF-MEMS technology. The networks feature 4 switchable stages (16 states) and are developed for the K and Ka bands. The proposed phase shifters are realized in a surface micromachining RF-MEMS technology and the experimentally measured parameters are compared with Finite Element Method (FEM) multi-physical electromechanical and RF simulations. The simulated phase shifts at both the operating bands fit well the measured value, despite the measured losses (S21) are larger than 5–7 dB if compared to simulations. However, such a non-ideality has a technological motivation that is explained in the paper and that will be fixed in the manufacturing of future devices.

scholarly journals A Survey of Biological Building Blocks for Synthetic Molecular Communication Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 2765-2800
Author(s):  
Christian A. Soldner ◽  
Eileen Socher ◽  
Vahid Jamali ◽  
Wayan Wicke ◽  
Arman Ahmadzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Molecular Communication ◽  
Molecular Communication Systems

scholarly journals 0.13 μm CMOS Traveling-Wave Power Amplifier with On- and Off-Chip Gate-Line Termination

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Vasjanov ◽  
Vaidotas Barzdenas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Communication ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Power Added Efficiency ◽  
High Data ◽  
Operating Frequency Range ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Optical Communication Systems ◽  
On Chip

Broadband amplifiers are essential building blocks used in high data rate wireless, radar, and instrumentation systems, as well as in optical communication systems. Only a traveling-wave amplifier (TWA) provides sufficient bandwidth for broadband applications without reducing modern linearization techniques. TWA requires gate-line and drain-line termination, which can be implemented on- and off-chip. This article compares the performance of identical 0.13 μm CMOS TWAs, differing only in gate-line termination placement. Measurement results revealed that the designed TWAs with on- and off-chip termination have a bandwidth of 10 GHz with a maximum gain of 15 dB and a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 5%–22% in the whole operating frequency range. Placing the gate-line termination off-chip results in an S21 flatness reduction, compared to the gain of a TWA with on-chip termination. Gain fluctuation over frequency is reduced by 4–8 dB when the termination resistor is placed as an external circuit.

scholarly journals Autonomous Exploration and Identification of High Performing Adsorbents using Active Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gael Donval ◽  
Calum Hand ◽  
James Hook ◽  
Emiko Dupont ◽  
Malena Sabate Landman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Porous Materials ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Simulated Performance ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Simple Molecules

<div>MOFs and COFs are porous materials with a large variety of applications including gas</div><div>storage and separation. Synthesised in a modular fashion from distinct building blocks, a</div><div>near in?nite number of structures can be constructed and the properties of the material can</div><div>be tailored for a speci?c application. While this modularity is a very attractive feature it also</div><div>poses a challenge. Attempting to identify the best performing material(s) for a given appli-</div><div>cation is experimentally intractable. Current research e?orts combine molecular simulations</div><div>and machine learning techniques to evaluate the simulated performance of hundreds of thou-</div><div>sands of materials to identify top performing MOFs and COFs for a given application. These</div><div>approaches typically rely on moderated brute-force screening which is still resource-intensive</div><div>as typically between 70 - 100 % of the hundreds of thousands of materials must be simulated</div><div>to create a training set for the machine learning models used, restricting screening to rela-</div><div>tively simple molecules. In this work we demonstrate our novel Bayesian mining approach</div><div>to materials screening which allows 62 - 92 % of the top 100 porous materials for a range of</div><div>applications to be readily identi?ed from large materials databases after only assessing less</div><div>than one percent of all materials. This is a stark contrast to the 0 - 1 % achieved by conven-</div><div>tional brute-force screening where porous materials are just chosen at random during a high</div><div>throughput screening. Through this accelerated virtual screening process, the identi?cation of</div><div>high performing materials can be used to more rapidly inform experimental e?orts and hence</div><div>lead to an acceleration of the entire research and development pipeline of porous materials.</div>

scholarly journals Findings From FMAHealth’s Bright Spots in Practice Transformation Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Cecil Robinson ◽  
Jay W. Lee ◽  
Kisha N. Davis ◽  
Malachi O'Connor
Keyword(s):  
Care Delivery ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Payment Reform ◽  
Deep Dive ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Potential Barriers ◽  
Bright Spots ◽  
Value Based Care ◽  
Practice Methods

Background and Objectives: Family physicians are increasingly making or contemplating various methods of practice transformation, but most report significant barriers to making that transition. Given strong interest in practice transformation, and perceived barriers to doing so, it is important to examine how some practices are implementing changes and overcoming barriers. In this project, Family Medicine for America’s Health Practice Team learned from practices across the United States that are transforming and experiencing the benefits of working in a comprehensive, value-based practice. The objectives of the project were to identify drivers of transformation to value-based care and ways of working with drivers to mitigate potential barriers, and to determine relationships between practice transformation and joy of practice. Methods: Fifteen practices of varying size and type from 11 states participated in this project. Practices were sent a short-answer survey about their practice, transformation, and payment structure. Next, practices participated in a 45-60-minute deep-dive interview. All surveys and interviews were iteratively coded to identify themes using Thomas Bodenheimer, MD, et al’s building blocks of high performing primary care framework. Results: Engaged leadership, data-driven improvement, team-based care, and comprehensiveness and care coordination were primary drivers of transformation, with payment as a needed foundation. Practice transformation helped meet the triple aim and was correlated to joy of practice. Conclusions: Practices are transforming to comprehensive value-based care delivery and experiencing greater joy in practice; but payment reform is required to spread and sustain practice transformation.

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