Entity Resolution on Names

Errors with names occur frequently. “California” and “CA” refer to the same state of the USA; however, they may both appear as records in a database at the same time. Several techniques need to be proposed to solve these problems. In this chapter, the authors introduce the methods of entity resolution on names. They propose three methods. Similarity measure between names is a kind of fundamental techniques; it makes a significant contribution to the textual similarity. The method of string transformations can handle some situations beyond textual similarity. Recently, learning algorithms on string transformations have been proposed to make matching robust to such variations. Examples illustrate the benefits of each approach.

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Xinming Li ◽  
John R. Talburt ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Xiangwen Liu

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 ◽  
pp. 296-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Milošević ◽  
Bratislav Petrović ◽  
Veljko Jeremić

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594
Author(s):  
Fred Beard

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize Pierre Martineau’s Motivation in Advertising and to assess its status as a valid forgotten classic of the marketing literature. Design/methodology/approach Motivation in Advertising is reviewed and summarized, and its contributions to marketing and advertising history, thought and practice are assessed. Findings Martineau was among a handful of figures behind the “motivation research” movement among marketers and advertisers during the late 1940s to the 1960s. His “new philosophy” regarding communication theory, persuasion and advertising message strategy and tactics remains highly influential and relevant. Written during a period of tremendous growth in consumption in the USA and a revolution in the use of qualitative research in marketing and advertising, Martineau’s book represents much more than a work about his experiences with motivation research, but a significant contribution to advertising communication theory as well. Originality/value Pierre Martineau was the subject of a historical biography (Martin, 1985), which also focused substantially on the principal themes and contributions of Motivation in Advertising. The book was also widely reviewed shortly after its publication. This more recent review and assessment, however, reveals the work’s valuable historical insights into how postmodern consumption evolved and many present-day perspectives of consumer behavior and advertising effects coalesced during the Consumer Revolution and at the outset of modern advertising’s “Golden Age”.


Author(s):  
Наталья Евгеньевна Купцова

Введение. Представлена совершенно неисследованная тема в отечественном лермонтоведении – академическая рецепция романа М. Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени» в США. Автор статьи собрала наиболее представительные на сегодняшний день публикации, вышедшие в США за всю историю американского лермонтоведения и посвященные этому роману. Цель – провести исследование академической рецепции романа М. Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени» в США. Материал и методы. Поиск публикаций, посвященных роману М. Ю. Лермонтова «Герой нашего времени», вышедших в США, и их анализ по предложенной автором периодизации. Результаты и обсуждение. Предложена периодизация по трем периодам: публикации 1900–1960-х гг., публикации 1970–1980-х гг. и публикации 1900-х гг. по настоящее время. Особенностями публикаций 1900–1960-х гг. является прежде всего осмысление того, как М. Ю. Лермонтов изобразил русское общество 1830-х гг. и главного героя своего произведения, акцент на психологичности романа, а также сравнение с героями А. С. Пушкина. Среди исследователей нет согласия относительно жанра романа – так, Мерсеро относит его к жанру психологического реализма, а в предисловии к первому англоязычному изданию в США отмечен байронический характер Печорина. Для публикаций 1970–1980-х гг. наблюдаются совершенно другие акценты у американских исследователей. На первое место выходит интерес к внутреннему устройству романа: его фабуле, сюжету, структуре. Несмотря на то, что по-прежнему нет полного согласия относительно жанровой принадлежности романа, большинство исследователей считают, что именно в роман «Герой нашего времени» покончил с романтизмом в русской прозе, в чем и заключается его главное новаторство. Изменился и взгляд на главного героя романа – в Печорине видят уже не байронические, а демонические черты. На современном этапе изучения романа «Герой нашего времени» у американских исследователей появляются новые темы в изучении романа. Так, например, красной нитью проходит тема отражения в романе взаимоотношений между русскими и кавказскими народами. Кроме того, если раньше в центре внимания исследователей был только Печорин, то теперь изучаются и другие герои и героини романа. Интересно и то, что Печорина теперь считают постромантическим героем и сам роман большинство исследователей считают постромантическим. Заключение. Проведенный анализ и предложенная периодизация наглядно иллюстрируют эволюцию интереса исследователей из США к различным аспектам романа и его героев. Библиографический список статьи внушителен и сам по себе представляет значительный интерес и вклад в лермонтоведение. Авторы публикаций, вошедших в обзор, – филологи, публицисты, политологи и антропологи. Introduction. The article is devoted to the completely unexplored subject in Russian Lermontov studies – the academic reception of the novel “Hero of our time” by the scholars from the USA. In the article the most reputable and representative works published in the USA about this novel are outlined and analyzed in accordance with the following periodization: publications of 1900-1960s, publications of 1970-80s and the modern publications of 1900s until now. The goal. Research of the academic reception of the novel of M. Lermontov «Hero of our time” in the USA. Materials and methods. Search and analysis of the publications, devoted to the novel “Hero of our time” by M. Lermontov issued in the USA in accordance with the periodization proposed by the author. Results and discussion. The focus of publications 1900–1960s is primarily the understanding of how M.Yu. Lermontov portrayed the Russian society of the 1830s and the main character of his work, an emphasis on the psychological nature of the novel, as well as a comparison with A.S. Pushkin. Among the researchers there is no agreement on the genre of the novel - for example, Mercereau classifies it as a genre of psychological realism, and in the preface to the first Russian-language edition in the United States, the Byronic character of Pechorin is noted. In publications from the 1970s to 1980s, there is a completely different emphasis. First of all, the internal structure of the novel is in the focus. Despite the fact that there is still no full agreement on the genre of the novel, most researchers believe that the novel «A Hero of Our Time» that he put an end to romanticism in Russian prose, which is the main innovation of Lermontov. The view on the main character of the novel has also changed - in Pechorin they see not Byronic, but demonic features. At the present stage, American researchers have new topics in the study of the novel «Hero of our time”. For example, the topic of the relationship between the Russian and Caucasian peoples attracts a lot of attention. In addition, if earlier only Pechorin was in the center of attention of researchers, now other heroes and heroines of the novel are also being studied. It is also interesting that Pechorin is now considered a post-romantic hero, and most researchers classify the novel as post-romantic. Conclusion. The conducted analysis and the proposed periodization demonstrably illustrates the evolution of approaches and interest to the various aspects of the novel and its heroes. The bibliography of the article is impressive itself and makes a significant contribution to the Lermontov studies. The authors of the publications included in the review are philologists, publicists, political scientists, anthropologists.


2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Gao ◽  
Linli Zhu

The gradient learning model has been raising great attention in view of its promising perspectives for applications in statistics, data dimensionality reducing, and other specific fields. In this paper, we raise a new gradient learning model for ontology similarity measuring and ontology mapping in multidividing setting. The sample error in this setting is given by virtue of the hypothesis space and the trick of ontology dividing operator. Finally, two experiments presented on plant and humanoid robotics field verify the efficiency of the new computation model for ontology similarity measure and ontology mapping applications in multidividing setting.


Author(s):  
S. V. Kakareka

In the article, trends of lead content in atmospheric air of background territories and cities of Belarus according to NSEM data and their correlation with trends of lead content in the atmospheric air of cities and background territories of Europe and the USA are analyzed. Clear downward trends in lead content in the atmospheric air of the background territories of Belarus are shown: the average annual concentration of lead has decreased over the period from 1990 to 2015 by 77 %. According to EMEP stations measuring data having a continuous series of lead observations in atmospheric air since 1990, the mean annual lead content in atmospheric air at these stations decreased till 2013 on average by 86 %. A downward trend in the lead content was observed in the air of Belarusian cities and of some countries of Europe. The most significant decrease in lead content occurred in the USA, where the average annual maximum 3-month concentration decreased from 1990 to 2016 by 99 %. The relationship between trends in lead levels with trends of anthropogenic emissions is analyzed. Differences between the measured lead concentrations and calculated values by dispersion models are shown, which may be due to the incompleteness of the inventory of lead emissions in a number of countries, as well as the significant contribution of other sources of emission in addition to anthropogenic sources of lead emission into the atmosphere. To identify the reasons for these discrepancies, which may be related to the presence of unrecorded anthropogenic sources, secondary and natural sources, and other factors, additional research is needed.


1989 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L. Wolberg

The minerals pyrite and marcasite (broadly termed pyritic minerals) are iron sulfides that are common if not ubiquitous in sedimentary rocks, especially in association with organic materials (Berner, 1970). In most marine sedimentary associations, pyrite and marcasite are associated with organic sediments rich in dissolved sulfate and iron minerals. Because of the rapid consumption of sulfate in freshwater environments, however, pyrite formation is more restricted in nonmarine sediments (Berner, 1983). The origin of the sulfur in nonmarine environments must lie within pre-existing rocks or volcanic detritus; a relatively small, but significant contribution may derive from plant and animal decomposition products.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A16-A16 ◽  
Author(s):  
N VAKIL ◽  
S TREML ◽  
M SHAW ◽  
R KIRBY

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