ID Scanners and Überveillance in the Night-Time Economy

2015 ◽  
pp. 1546-1563
Author(s):  
Darren Palmer ◽  
Ian Warren ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Legal Remedy

ID scanners are promoted as an effective solution to the problems of anti-social behavior and violence in many urban nighttime economies. However, the acceptance of this and other forms of computerized surveillance to prevent crime and anti-social behavior is based on several unproven assumptions. After outlining what ID scanners are and how they are becoming a normalized precondition of entry into one Australian nighttime economy, this chapter demonstrates how technology is commonly viewed as the key to preventing crime despite recognition of various problems associated with its adoption. The implications of technological determinism amongst policy makers, police, and crime prevention theories are then critically assessed in light of several issues that key informants talking about the value of ID scanners fail to mention when applauding their success. Notably, the broad, ill-defined, and confused notion of “privacy” is analyzed as a questionable legal remedy for the growing problems of überveillance.

scholarly journals ID Scanners and Überveillance in the Night-Time Economy

2013 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Darren Palmer ◽  
Ian Warren ◽  
Peter Miller
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
Legal Remedy

ID scanners are promoted as an effective solution to the problems of anti-social behavior and violence in many urban nighttime economies. However, the acceptance of this and other forms of computerized surveillance to prevent crime and anti-social behavior is based on several unproven assumptions. After outlining what ID scanners are and how they are becoming a normalized precondition of entry into one Australian nighttime economy, this chapter demonstrates how technology is commonly viewed as the key to preventing crime despite recognition of various problems associated with its adoption. The implications of technological determinism amongst policy makers, police, and crime prevention theories are then critically assessed in light of several issues that key informants talking about the value of ID scanners fail to mention when applauding their success. Notably, the broad, ill-defined, and confused notion of “privacy” is analyzed as a questionable legal remedy for the growing problems of überveillance.

scholarly journals Hard Men, Shop Boys and Others: Embodying Competence in a Masculinist Occupation

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee F. Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Private Security ◽  
The Body ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Body Build ◽  
Flexible Boundaries

Emerging studies on private security work in Britain's night-time economy explore important sociological themes such as masculinities and violence. Contributing rich ethnography to this literature, and in furthering an embodied sociology, this paper describes the gendered construction of competency among ‘bouncers’ or door supervisors within the context of their potentially violent work. Centrally, it explores the door supervisors' variable bodily capital (comprising body build and acquired techniques of the body) alongside normative limits to their violence. Here physicality is central to the practicalities of doorwork, risk management and the embodiment of dominant and subordinate masculinities. Within doorwork culture, embodied typifications such as ‘hard men’, ‘shop boys’ and others (eg, ‘bullies’ and ‘nutters’) are related to assessments of possible violence against doorstaff, the delineation of (flexible) boundaries for their own (in)appropriate violence against ‘problematic’ customers and the construction of competent identity. Besides contributing empirical data to the literature this paper underscores the integrative potential of embodiment for social scientists and urges policy makers to appreciate the degree to which (potential) violence is embodied in the night-time economy.

scholarly journals Night Time Social Behavior in Urban Outdoor Spaces of Shah Alam

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 959-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Riduan Ngesan ◽  
Hafazah Abdul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Outdoor Spaces

scholarly journals Burglary and the Ideal Victim

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob I. Mawby
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Change Of Direction ◽  
The Ideal

In the latter quarter of the twentieth century, successive UK governments made burglary the focal point of policies aimed at harm reduction and crime prevention. This paper uses an adaptation of Christie's construction of the ideal victim is a useful way of explaining this. Three dimensions are distinguished: the ideal crime; the ideal victim; and the ideal offender. It is argued that burglary was the ideal crime, the burglary victim was the ideal victim, and the burglar constituted the ideal offender. More recently, a shift in government priorities has resulted in burglary no longer being accorded the same emphasis by policy makers. This is explained in terms of it no longer being considered the ideal crime. At the same time, burglary victims have been replaced by other victims considered more deserving, and other offenders who more starkly epitomise the evil outsider. While a change of direction may bring additional help for victims previously ignored, it is regrettable that the burglary victim may be returning to obscurity.

scholarly journals Patron offending and intoxication in night-time entertainment districts (POINTED): A study protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Miller ◽  
Amy Pennay ◽  
Rebecca Jenkinson ◽  
Nicolas Droste ◽  
Tanya Chikritzhs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Study Protocol ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Risky Behaviour ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Risky Alcohol Consumption

Miller, P., Pennay, A., Jenkinson, R., Droste, N., Chikritzhs, T., Tomsen, S., Wadds, P., Jones, S. C., Palmer, D., Barrie, L. & Lubman, D. I. (2013). Patron offending and intoxication in night-time entertainment districts (POINTED): A study protocol. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 69-76.   doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.74 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.74)Risky alcohol consumption is the subject of considerable community concern in Australia and internationally, particularly the risky drinking practices of young people consuming alcohol in the night-time economy. This study will determine some of the factors and correlates associated with alcohol-related risk-taking, offending and harm in and around licensed venues and night-time entertainment precincts across five Australian cities (three metropolitan and two regional). The primary aim of the study is to measure levels of pre-drinking, drinking in venues, intoxication, illicit drug use and potentially harmful drinking practices (such as mixing with energy drinks) of patrons in entertainment areas, and relating this to offending, risky behaviour and harms experienced. The study will also investigate the effects of license type, trading hours, duration of drinking episodes and geographical location on intoxication, offending, risk-taking and experience of harm. Data collection involves patron interviews (incorporating breathalysing and drug testing) with 7500 people attending licensed venues. Intensive venue observations (n=112) will also be undertaken in a range of venues, including pubs, bars and nightclubs. The information gathered through this study will inform prevention and enforcement approaches of policy makers, police and venue staff.

Virtual Communities

2009 ◽  
pp. 122-155
Author(s):  
Ben Kei Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Learning Communities ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
General Overview

The growth of virtual communities and their continuous impact on social, economic and technological structures of societies has attracted a great deal of interest among researchers, systems designers and policy makers to examine the formation, development, sustainability and utility of these communities. Over the last two decades, the growth in research into virtual communities, though fairly diverse, can be broadly categorized into two dominant perspectives—technological determinism and social constructivism. The basic tenet of the technology determinism research is that technology shapes cultural values, social structure, and knowledge. This Chapter provides a general overview of research on virtual communities. It describes two particular types of virtual communities relevant to the analysis of social capital described in the book; virtual learning communities and distributed communities of practice. The goal of the Chapter is to provide an overall context in which social capital is reported in the book. The Chapter also describes other areas in which virtual communities are currently used. These include education, health care, business, socialization and mediating interaction among people in Diaspora.

scholarly journals Peripheral mobilities: looking at dormant, delegitimized and forgotten transport regimes

Tempo Social ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-85
Author(s):  
Massimo Moraglio
Keyword(s):  
Current Debate ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Environmental Failures

In the transport debate, policy makers seem to be under the spell of a technological determinism, in which innovation Tand novelty are the key concepts. Obsessed with westernised regimes and systems, the current debate misses the relevance of forgotten, peripheral and silent mobilities. In this regard, looking to those peripheral mobilities is not only important for reconstructing our memory, but can also offer tools to build socially and environmentally sustainable transport regimes. I suggest using Walter Benjamin’s Angelus Novus to address the past and future of infrastructural systems and the role of “old” regimes. This paper relies on David Edgerton’s work, but I push the argument further, claiming that an innovation-prone debate today creates the (social and environmental) failures of tomorrow. While electric cars and driver-less vehicles can be useful tools, we should consider that peripheral mobilities could better address the issue of socially and environmentally sustainable transports systems. Long-term vision can bridge the past and future of transport policies and offer hints to social science, humanity and governance.

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