Leadership Convergence and Divergence in the Era of Globalization

2017 ◽  
pp. 286-309
Author(s):  
Shinhee Jeong ◽  
Doo Hun Lim ◽  
Sunyoung Park
Keyword(s):  
Effective Leadership ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Global Leadership ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Competency ◽  
Competency Models ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

To sustain or enhance corporate competitiveness in the 21st century, it is important for organizations to comprehensively understand the influences of globalization on their businesses. The purpose of this study is to review and analyze existing literature about globalization trends and their impact on leadership, and to integrate major themes to present what constitutes effective leadership behaviors emerging as convergent and universal, or divergent and contingent. This chapter provides an overview of global convergence, divergence, and crossvergence in Human Resource practice and leadership. It also suggests a definition of global leadership and reviews global leadership competency models in the current literature. Utilizing content analysis, this chapter analyzes the existing literature and presents emerging themes for effective leadership behaviors that include universal and converging, and contingent and diverging. Finally, future research directions as well as practical implications are presented.

Positive Workplaces

2009 ◽  
pp. 578-588
Author(s):  
Fred Luthans ◽  
Carolyn M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Organizational Behavior ◽  
Performance Impact ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Over the years, both management practitioners and academics have generally assumed that positive workplaces lead to desired outcomes. Unlike psychology, considerable attention has also been devoted to the study of positive topics such as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. However, to place a scientifically based focus on the role that positivity may play in the development and performance of human resources, and largely stimulated by the positive psychology initiative, positive organizational behavior (POB) and psychological capital (PsyCap) have recently been introduced into the management literature. This chapter first provides an overview of both the historical and contemporary positive approaches to the workplace. Then, more specific attention is given to the meaning and domain of POB and PsyCap. Our definition of POB includes positive psychological capacities or resources that can be validly measured, developed, and have performance impact. The constructs that have been determined so far to best meet these criteria are efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency. When combined, they have been demonstrated to form the core construct of what we term psychological capital (PsyCap). A measure of PsyCap is being validated and this chapter references the increasing number of studies indicating that PsyCap can be developed and have performance impact. The chapter concludes with important future research directions that can help better understand and build positive workplaces to meet current and looming challenges.

Social media and consumer engagement: a review and research agenda

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Barger ◽  
James W. Peltier ◽  
Don E. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose In “Social media’s slippery slope: challenges, opportunities and future research directions”, Schultz and Peltier (2013) asked “whether or how social media can be used to leverage consumer engagement into highly profitable relationships for both parties”. The purpose of this article is to continue this discussion by reviewing recent literature on consumer engagement and proposing a framework for future research. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews the marketing literature on social media, paying particular attention to consumer engagement, which was identified as a primary area of concern in Schultz and Peltier (2013). Findings A significant amount of research has been conducted on consumer engagement since 2010. Lack of consensus on the definition of the construct has led to fragmentation in the discipline, however. As a result, research related to consumer engagement is often not identified as such, making it difficult for academics and practitioners to stay abreast of developments in this area. Originality/value This critical review provides marketing academics and practitioners insights into the antecedents and consequences of consumer engagement and offers a conceptual framework for future research.

Digital competences of the workforce – a research topic?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Murawski ◽  
Markus Bick
Keyword(s):  
Research Topic ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Considering working in the digital age, questions on the consequences for the individual workers are, so far, often neglected. The purpose of this paper is to deal with the question of whether the digital competences of the workforce is a research topic. The authors argue for the thesis that it is indeed a research topic. Design/methodology/approach In addition to a literature analysis of the top IS, HR, and learning publications, non-scientific sources, as well as the opinions of the authors, are included. The authors’ thesis is challenged through a debate of corresponding pros and cons. Findings The definition of digital competences lacks scientific depth. Focussing on the workforce is valid, as a “lifelong” perspective is not mandatory for research. Digital competence research is a multidisciplinary task to which the IS field can make a valuable contribution. Research limitations/implications Although relevant references are included, some aspects are mainly driven by the opinions of the authors. The theoretical implications encompass a call for a scientific definition of digital competences. Furthermore, scholars should focus on the competences of the workforce, including occupations, roles, or industries. The authors conclude by providing a first proposal of a research agenda. Practical implications The practical implications include the alignment of multiple stakeholders for the design of “digital” curricula and the integration by HR departments of the construct of digital competences, e.g. for compensation matters and job requirements. Originality/value This paper is one of very few contributions in the area of the digital competences of the workforce, and it presents a starting point for future research activities.

Job Apathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Schmidt ◽  
Guihyun Park ◽  
Jessica Keeney ◽  
Sonia Ghumman
Keyword(s):  
Employee Engagement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Popular Media ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Personal Initiative ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Work anecdotes and popular media programs such as Office Space, The Office, and Dilbert suggest that there are a number of workers in the United States who feel a sense of apathy toward their workplace and their job. This article develops these ideas theoretically and provides validity evidence for a scale of job apathy across two studies. Job apathy is defined as a type of selective apathy characterized by diminished motivation and affect toward one’s job. A scale of job apathy was developed and data from a sample of currently or recently employed college students supported two dimensions: apathetic action and apathetic thought. Job apathy was found to be empirically distinct from clinical apathy, negative affectivity, cynicism, and employee engagement. Job apathy was also found to have incremental validity in the prediction of personal initiative, withdrawal, and organizational deviance. Practical implications and future research directions for job apathy are discussed.

scholarly journals A Systematic Survey on Deep Generative Models for Graph Generation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojie Guo ◽  
Liang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Generative Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Data Representations ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rich History ◽  
Graph Generation

Graphs are important data representations for describing objects and their relationships, which appear in a wide diversity of real-world scenarios. As one of a critical problem in this area, graph generation considers learning the distributions of given graphs and generating more novel graphs. Owing to its wide range of applications, generative models for graphs have a rich history, which, however, are traditionally hand-crafted and only capable of modeling a few statistical properties of graphs. Recent advances in deep generative models for graph generation is an important step towards improving the fidelity of generated graphs and paves the way for new kinds of applications. This article provides an extensive overview of the literature in the field of deep generative models for graph generation. Firstly, the formal definition of deep generative models for the graph generation as well as preliminary knowledge is provided. Secondly, two taxonomies of deep generative models for unconditional, and conditional graph generation respectively are proposed; the existing works of each are compared and analyzed. After that, an overview of the evaluation metrics in this specific domain is provided. Finally, the applications that deep graph generation enables are summarized and five promising future research directions are highlighted.

The Gamification Experience

2014 ◽  
pp. 205-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathie Marache-Francisco ◽  
Eric Brangier
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experience Design ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
User Experience Design ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Game Elements

Through this chapter, the authors aim at describing Gamification—the use of game elements in non-ludic environments—to identify its limits and lacks as well as its assets. Indeed, it has been developed to answer a need that arouses out of the Human Computer Interaction (HCI) field evolutions, and it could be valuable in that scope. The authors propose a definition of Gamification according to several different dimensions that are part of the HCI design field. They suggest it as a first step towards a guiding design framework aimed at designers. They mention future research directions that would help in going further and enriching the framework, leading to the creation of a design model for user experience design through Gamification. The authors finally raise some ethical concerns about the meaning of Gamification itself.

Communicative Changes Associated with Repeated Use of Electronic Meeting Systems for Decision-Making Tasks

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig R. Scott ◽  
C. Erik Timmerman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electronic Meeting Systems ◽  
Team Interaction ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Repeated Use ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Practical Implications

Although various technologies are widely used to support decision-making teams, we know relatively little about the use of specialized Electronic Meeting Systems (EMSs) and their use over time during ongoing projects. This study addresses that gap by examining how communication affordances (anonymous communication, participation equality, and influence equality) of some EMSs may change with repeated usage of the system for multiple decision-making meetings. Based on an EMS process model and related theories, the authors hypothesize that communicative benefits will decline after initial team interaction. Data from 14 intact decision-making teams (using an EMS for 3 separate meetings) provide strong support for most of the anonymity hypotheses, as perceptions of self and other anonymity decline and confidence in source attributions increases with repeated usage. There was partial support for the predicted changes in participation equality and influence equality. The authors conclude with practical implications and future research directions based on these findings.

Strategic Leadership Competency Development

2017 ◽  
pp. 1495-1520
Author(s):  
Paul G. Putman
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Competencies ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Competency Development ◽  
Leadership Competency ◽  
Innovative Leadership ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
Competency Models ◽  
Development Approach

Breaking down the broad concept of leadership into competencies can facilitate leaders becoming self-aware of education or development needs to increase their performance. Leadership competencies can be viewed in terms of workplace success as skills that can be developed (Lombardo & Eichinger, 2002; Northouse, 2015). Competencies help organizations set clear expectations about the types of behaviors, capabilities, mind-sets, and values that are important to those in leadership roles” (Conger and Ready, 2004, p. 43). This chapter provides an overview and introduction to competency models. It includes a description of adult learning theories applicable for competency development and effective andragogy (adult education). Included are criticisms regarding leadership competency models. The chapter also includes an example of an innovative leadership competency development approach. The chapter will close with a discussion and recommendations for future research.

On the Road to Ephesus

2015 ◽  
pp. 102-125
Author(s):  
Suzanne Roff-Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Definition Of

Following a brief review of literature on big data as well as wisdom, this chapter provides a definition of data-based wisdom in the context of healthcare organizations and their visions. The author addresses barriers and ways to overcome barriers to data-based wisdom. Insights from interviews with leading healthcare professionals add practical meaning to the discussion. Finally, future research directions and questions are suggested, including the role of synchronicity and serendipity in data-based wisdom. In this chapter, developing data-based wisdom systems that flourish Wisdom, Virtue, Intellect, and Knowledge are encouraged.

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