Making Innovation Development Policies Work for MENA

2017 ◽  
pp. 74-104
Author(s):  
Mehtap Isik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
North African ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This chapter analyzes the Middle Eastern North African economies' growth prospects and investigates the role of entrepreneurial activities in achieving sustainable economic growth and social development. It explores the existing macroeconomic, political and social characteristics of the region and brings the different literatures together to understand the policy implications of theory and practices. The chapter shows that entrepreneurial activities can cure a lot of problem in the region as long as supported by the central authorities, and the region has a strong potential to be used by the entrepreneurs.

Making Innovation Development Policies Work for MENA

2020 ◽  
pp. 1733-1757
Author(s):  
Mehtap Isik
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
North African ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Growth Prospects ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

This chapter analyzes the Middle Eastern North African economies' growth prospects and investigates the role of entrepreneurial activities in achieving sustainable economic growth and social development. It explores the existing macroeconomic, political and social characteristics of the region and brings the different literatures together to understand the policy implications of theory and practices. The chapter shows that entrepreneurial activities can cure a lot of problem in the region as long as supported by the central authorities, and the region has a strong potential to be used by the entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial intention: An analysis of the role of Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Sansone ◽  
Elisa Ughetto ◽  
Paolo Landoni
Keyword(s):  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Student Entrepreneurship ◽  
Entrepreneurial Organizations ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The University ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractAlthough a great deal of attention has been paid to entrepreneurship education, only a few studies have analysed the impact of extra-curricular entrepreneurial activities on students’ entrepreneurial intention. The aim of this study is to fill this gap by exploring the role played by Student-Led Entrepreneurial Organizations (SLEOs) in shaping the entrepreneurial intention of their members. The analysis is based on a survey that was conducted in 2016 by one of the largest SLEOs in the world: the Junior Enterprises Europe (JEE). The main result of the empirical analysis is that the more time students spent on JEE and the higher the number of events students attended, the greater their entrepreneurial intention was. It has been found that other important drivers also increase students’ entrepreneurial intention, that is, the Science and Technology field of study and the knowledge of more than two foreign languages. These results confirm that SLEOs are able to foster students’ entrepreneurial intention. The findings provide several theoretical, practical and public policy implications. SLEOs are encouraged to enhance their visibility and lobbying potential in order to be recognized more as drivers of student entrepreneurship. In addition, it is advisable for universities and policy makers to support SLEOs by fostering their interactions with other actors operating in the entrepreneurial ecosystem, who promote entrepreneurship and technology transfer activities. Lastly, this paper advises policy makers to assist SLEOs’ activities inside and outside the university context.

The Ideological Dimensionality in the Middle Eastern and North African Constitutions: A New Era in the Evolution of Islamic Constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
pp. 147892992091294
Author(s):  
Berna Öney
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
North African ◽  
New Era ◽  
Regime Changes ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Popular Movements ◽  
Ideological Dimension

The popular movements in 2011 led to many regime changes that resulted in amended or new constitutions in the Middle East and North Africa region. The constitutional debates concentrated mainly on the functions of the constitutions in authoritarian regimes, constitution-making processes, and the role of Islam during and after the uprisings. However, no research has analyzed the ideological dimensionality of the Middle Eastern and North African constitutions. By analyzing 19 newly enacted, drafted, and amended constitutions before and after the popular movements in the region, this article shows that the single ideological dimension in the constitutions can be defined by the openness of a state for liberal and modern values. This ideological dimension encompasses all the regional political debates on the political regime dynamics, the inclusion of rights and liberties, and the role of Islam. Besides offering an alternative typology for the constitutions in the region, this article also provides evidence for the beginning of the fourth phase of Islamic constitutionalism that merges the ideas of rule of law, which originates from democratic notions, and Islamic norms.

scholarly journals UTICAJ RAZVOJA PREDUZETNIŠTVA I LIDERSTVA NA EKONOMSKI RAZVOJ

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Milosav Miličković ◽  
Bilal Zahrah Miftah Alshafie ◽  
Miroslav Jevremović
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Faster Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Potential Area

The development of entrepreneurship and leadership is the backbone of the development of any society. In a market economy, the state of entrepreneurship changes every day and it is necessary to find new methods of its development and adaptation to market conditions. Today, Serbia is in a difficult economic situation. The global economic crisis halted the country’s belated transitional recovery the moment the momentum began to take hold. The road to its recovery leads through painful measures: rationalization of the oversized public sector and serious financial discipline, as well as the promotion of entrepreneurship and leadership as development strategies, without which sustainable economic growth will not be possible. This paper aims to contribute to the description and analysis of the development of entrepreneurship and leadership, with the intention that it contributes to faster development in Serbia. The paper analyzes the concept, general state, and importance of entrepreneurship, the relationship between entrepreneurship and leadership, and the role of entrepreneurship in economic development. Based on the analysis performed in the paper, the authors concluded that entrepreneurial opportunities arise from market changes and that the modern, rapidly changing and uncertain business environment is a theoretically potential area for entrepreneurial activities.

scholarly journals Integrated local development in Mediterranean marginal territories: The case study of Casentino (Italy), Algarve (Portugal) and Corse (France)

REGION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Andrea Ricci ◽  
Mario Biggeri ◽  
Andrea Ferrannini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
European Development ◽  
Development Trajectories

Today, Mediterranean marginal territories are facing tremendous challenges but at the same time they have relevant endogenous resources, which are often underutilized and unexploited and that could be pivotal for the strategic recovery and economic and social development of the whole European territory. In the last decades, they have been characterised by a progressive abandonment in favour to urban areas, with consequent high social costs such as the hydrogeological instability, degradation and soil erosion. This research investigates the potential active role of Mediterranean “marginal territories” with respect to the re-formulation, adaptation, interpretation and implementation of the European development policies. The paper aims to verify the idea that Mediterranean marginal territories, in the sense of weak, mountainous and inland, could take part at the construction of their own development trajectories and actively contribute to the harmonious development of Europe, creating new jobs opportunities and stable development patterns. Moreover, the paper aims to formulate policy implications and strategies for the studied areas and for Mediterranean marginal territories more in general.  The structure of this paper starts from general theoretical arguments and a short description of European policies for development; it follows with the diagnostic analysis of three local territorial contexts – i.e. Casentino (Italy), Algarve (Portugal) and Corse (France) – and then it comes back on the general European issues proposing implications and lessons learnt in the analysis of the development processes at the local level. 

Physical capital stock, technological upgrading and modernisation in Hungary

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Szalavetz
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Technology Generation ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

This paper discusses the relation between the quality and quantity indicators of physical capital and modernisation. While international academic literature emphasises the role of intangible factors enabling technology generation and absorption rather than that of physical capital accumulation, this paper argues that the quantity and quality of physical capital are important modernisation factors, particularly in the case of small, undercapitalised countries that recently integrated into the world economy. The paper shows that in Hungary, as opposed to developed countries, the technological upgrading of capital assets was not necessarily accompanied by the upgrading of human capital i.e. the thesis of capital skill complementarity did not apply to the first decade of transformation and capital accumulation in Hungary. Finally, the paper shows that there are large differences between the average technological levels of individual industries. The dualism of the Hungarian economy, which is also manifest in terms of differences in the size of individual industries' technological gaps, is a disadvantage from the point of view of competitiveness. The increasing differences in the size of the technological gaps can be explained not only with industry-specific factors, but also with the weakness of technology and regional development policies, as well as with institutional deficiencies.

OBOLESCENCE AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 113-130
Author(s):  
A.V. GOLUBEV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovations ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Scientific Hypothesis ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Sociological Studies

The diffusion of innovations is described as a process in a number of scientific papers. At the same time, the causes of this process have not been sufficiently studied. The author’s goal is to consider the main regularities, under which the life cycle of innovations begins, and propose measures to enhance diffusion in modern conditions. As a scientific hypothesis, the author accepts the postulate about the primary role of the obolescence of attracted innovations in this process. The analysis revealed not only the economic proportions that initiate the start of innovation promotion, but also the influence on the diffusion rate of the obsolescence degree of innovations and the market share occupied by the new product. Methodological approaches have been developed to determine economic efficiency depending on the moment of technological change-over, as well as to determine the absolute and relative speed of innovation diffusion. Sociological studies were conducted to determine the state of innovation development and the time lag between obtaining information about an innovation and its practical implementation. The author presents his “Agroopyt” information system developed to disseminate knowledge in the agricultural sphere and ensure technology transfer in agriculture. Digital methods provide for significant accelerateion of the diffusion of innovations and expand its scope.

Rural Dalit Women Entrepreneurs and Development Scenario: A Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaldass M. ◽  
Neema Gnanadev
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Dalit Women ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Hill ◽  
The Village

Pandit Nehru affirmed that women development/ empowerment is the basis for the substantial growth of a family, a village, or a nation. Development/upliftment of women is an essential ingredient of human development. Entrepreneurship development among the rural women folk would strengthen the village economy and promote regional development. The women entrepreneurs have proved that there is a source of immense untapped power in the womanhood of India (Margaret, 1992). Women undoubtedly are the backbone of the socio-economic-cultural aspects in the hill scenario. The subsistence agriculture which leads to low and unstable incomes, which in turn lead to a sizeable out-migration of male members that leads to only women headed families behind, and the role of women in the household economy becomes more important (Rawat, 2004). In the midst of limited opportunities, tough terrains and lack of resources, the contribution of women entrepreneurs to the society is enormous. An attempt was made to highlight the strategies and development aspects of rural women entrepreneurs in Almora district. Entrepreneurs who are engaged in self-employment and innovative entrepreneurial activities were selected for the study. A total of 50 samples were selected and the data were collected through interviews and focus groups. The study reveals various aspects related to rural women entrepreneurship and constraints that need attention so to empower women in their efforts toward integral development.

Babylonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
High Price ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

This chapter investigates the role of slavery in the Babylonian economy during the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid periods. As in Assyria, the relatively high price of slaves in Babylonia restricted slave ownership to the elite, though it should be noted that some wealthy Babylonian families owned enormous numbers of slaves, in some cases as many as several hundred. The chapter then turns to the various methods by which the propertied classes of Babylonian cities made their money, providing three thumbnail sketches as examples. It shows how slave labour had a limited contribution to elite fortunes due to the existence of cheaper labour alternatives, namely sharecropping tenancy and free wage labour. Slavery did, however, play an important role in the management of entrepreneurial activities.

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