Parallel Import in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurjinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Parallel Import ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
The World ◽  
International Issues

People often say that the world is not only “Black and White” but there are many other shades which pose difficult question. Parallel import, which is also known as “Grey area” is one of them. Parallel imports are goods produced genuinely under protection of a trademark, patent, or copyright, placed in one market, and then imported into another market without the approval of the Intellectual Property Right holder. Through this chapter, the Author(s) have tried to give an insight on parallel imports by discussing all possible national and international issues related to it. Some principal concepts like exhaustion, regional and global have acquired considerable space in the chapter. A brief contemporary view on parallel import has also been taken by the author(s). The contradictory views; one which favours the Parallel imports by endorsing that it enhances the local competition; and another which condemns parallel imports are covered in the later part of the chapter.

Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Countries in the Circumstance of Globalization

Upravlenie ◽  
10.12737/8791 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Данг ◽  
May An Dang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The World

Foreign investment, especially FDI plays a role more and more important for economic growth and international integration. However, the flux of FDI in the world is influenced by many determinants such as the population, GDP, the education level, the law on intellectual property right… Analyzing these determinants of FDI could contribute to find out the trend of global FDI and the solutions for developing countries to attract more FDI for economic growth.

scholarly journals Sources of Law in the World Trade Organisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Giga Abuseridze
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Multilateral Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Source

World Trade Organisation (WTO) law is, by international law standards, a wide-ranging and complex body of law. This Paper deals with the issue of sources of law in the WTO. The principal source of WTO law is the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO, concluded on April 15, 1995 and in force since January 1, 1995. The author presents various sources of WTO law, such as: 1. The Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation; 2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; 3. General Agreement on Trade in Services; 4. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right; 5. Other Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods. Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas (PTO) tiesību akti atbilst starptautisko tiesību standartiem; tie ir plašs un sarežģīts tiesību aktu kopums. Rakstā apskatīti PTO tiesību avoti. Galvenais PTO tiesību avots ir Marakešas līgums par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu. Tas noslēgts 1995. gada 15. aprīlī. Publikācijas autors iepazīstina ar vairākiem PTO tiesību avotiem, piemēram, – Marakešas līgumu par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu; ar Vispārējo vienošanos par tarifiem un tirdzniecību; Vispārējo vienošanos par pakalpojumu tirdzniecību; Līgumu par ar tirdzniecību saistītām intelektuālā īpašuma tiesībām un citiem daudzpusējiem nolīgumiem par preču tirdzniecību.

scholarly journals Implementasi Ratifikasi Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right (Trips Agremeent) terhadap Politik Hukum di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Erika Vivin Setyoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The World ◽  
Related Aspect

Penelitian Yuridis normatif ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji ratifikasi perjanjian internasional terkait Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) apakah sudah sesuai dengan kondisi politik hukum di Indonesia.  HAKI merupakan hak ekslusif yang tumbuh dari hasil olah pikir rasio manusia yang diekspresikan kepada khalayak umum dalam berbagai bentuk barang dan jasa, yang mengandung manfaat dan berguna dalam menunjang kebutuhan hidup umat manusia, serta mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan nilai moral. Indonesia adalah negara yang menandatangani kesepakatan terhadap pembentukan organisasi perdagangan dunia (World Trade Organization).  Perjanjian yang ditandatangai oleh Indonesia yang terkait dengan aspek perdagangan internasional yang berhubungan dengan HAKI adalah Agreement on Trade Related Aspect Of Intellectual Property Right (Trips Agreement), yang telah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia ke dalam Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization (Persetujuan Pembentukan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia). Penelitian menemukan fakta bahwa ratifikasi perjanjian internasional ini menimbulkan dampak yang dapat mempengaruhi iklim politik hukum di Indonesia. Seharusnya kesepakatan dalam ratifikasi TRIPs Agreement ke dalam hukum nasional disesuaikan dengan politik hukum bangsa Indonesia, sehingga implementasi ratifikasi perjanjian internasional HAKI terhadap politik hukum di Indonesia berjalan dalam koridor yang sesuai.

scholarly journals Rully Nanang Septiawan 185100003P

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rully Nanang Septiawan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The World

HAKI merupakan hak eksklusif yang diberikan negara kepada seseorang, sekelompok orang, maupun lembaga untuk memegang kuasa dalam menggunakan dan mendapatkan manfaat dari kekayaan intelektual yang dimiliki atau diciptakan. Istilah HAKI merupakan terjemahan dari Intellectual Property Right (IPR), sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang pengesahan WTO (Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization). Pengertian Intellectual Property Right sendiri adalah pemahaman mengenai hak atas kekayaan yang timbul dari kemampuan intelektual manusia, yang mempunyai hubungan dengan hak seseorang secara pribadi yaitu hak asasi manusia (human right). Istilah HAKI sebelumnya bernama Hak Milik Intelektual yang selama ini digunakan. Menurut Bambang Kesowo, istilah Hak Milik Intelektual belum menggambarkan unsur-unsur pokok yang membentuk pengertian Intellectual Property Right, yaitu hak kekayaan dari kemampuan Intelektual. Istilah Hak Milik Intelektual (HMI) masih banyak digunakan karena dianggap logis untuk memilih langkah yang konsisten dalam kerangka berpikir yuridis normatif. Istilah HMI ini bersumber pada konsepsi Hak Milik Kebendaan yang tercantum pada KUH Perdata Pasal 499, 501, 502, 503, 504.

Intellectual Property Right Protection for Biomedicines in China

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tang Chun ◽  
Zhu Xuezhong
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Patent Protection ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Monitor System ◽  
System A ◽  
International Patent ◽  
The World ◽  
Ipr Protection

AbstractIntellectual property right (IPR) protection for biomedicines is vitally important in China as China is now one of the largest biomedicine manufacturing countries in the world. This paper discusses the main IPR protection system of biomedicines in China which is composed of a patent system, a new medicine monitor system and a new medicine administrative protection system. We also point out that the trend of the development of the IPR system in China is to gradually reduce the administrative protection of biomedicines and to enhance reforms of international patent protection.

scholarly journals Cross-country differences in innovative entrepreneurial activity

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1329
Author(s):  
Ali Raza ◽  
Moreno Muffatto ◽  
Saadat Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Performance Orientation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Cognition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business Freedom

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between entrepreneurial cognition and innovative entrepreneurial activity (IEA) across countries using an institutional perspective. Design/methodology/approach The paper tests theoretical model using data collected by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, the Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness study and the Index of Economic Freedom (IEF). A multi-level analysis is performed based on set of 1,004,620 observations from 49 countries spanning 13 years (2001–2013). Findings The results suggest that in terms of formal regulations; the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when there is an increase in intellectual property right and business freedom regulations in a country. On the other hand, in terms of informal institutions the relationship between entrepreneurial cognitions and IEA becomes stronger when the level of institutional collectivism and uncertainty decreases and performance orientation increases. Originality/value The study indicates that entrepreneurship by innovation increases when the individuals possess high level of entrepreneurial cognition under suitable institutional conditions (e.g. intellectual property right, business freedom, institutional collectivism, uncertainty avoidance and performance orientation).

scholarly journals MAPPING AND PROTECTING THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT IN THE FIELD OF THE TRADITIONAL BATIK DESIGN OF TIRTOMOYO AS THE CULTURAL HERITAGE AND ITS DEVELOPMENT BASED ON THE LOCAL GENIUS IN THE CREATIVE INDRUSTRIAL ERA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwono
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Traditional Knowledge ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
The One ◽  
Local Government Policy

<p align="center"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong></p><p><em>            In order to provide the protection to the “traditional batik art knowledge” in Tirtomoyo, Wonogiri, the local government policy rests on the </em><em>potensial of art, commerce, services, education, tourism and sports</em><em>.Here, it can be drawn the real purpose, that is to develop, to conserve, and to protect the traditional knowledge as the heritage and cultural expression, especially the traditional knowledge. I</em><em>n th</em><em>is</em><em> case</em><em>, the Intellectual Property Right protection and its all varieties should be applied on the traditional intellectual art. However, it has not yet manifested the regional regulation on the Intellectual Property Right, especially the protection to the traditional knowledge.         There has not been confirmation about what institutions will be responsible or what kind of agencies will be involved in providing the protection to the traditional knowledge, like the batik art, dance art, and others, so that they don’t seem loose accountability in handling it. The policy on the Intellectual Property Right, especially the one related to the traditional knowledge, is still partial or supplement. The Industry and Trade Department of Wonogiri regency, which handles the micro and medium industry field and is not related directly to the batik handicraft industry, has planned to make a program of batik handicraft industry as the regional superior. </em></p><strong><em>Key words: Intellectual Property Right, Traditional knowledge, Batik Art.</em></strong>

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