scholarly journals Sources of Law in the World Trade Organisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Giga Abuseridze
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
International Law ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
Multilateral Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
Principal Source

World Trade Organisation (WTO) law is, by international law standards, a wide-ranging and complex body of law. This Paper deals with the issue of sources of law in the WTO. The principal source of WTO law is the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the WTO, concluded on April 15, 1995 and in force since January 1, 1995. The author presents various sources of WTO law, such as: 1. The Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organisation; 2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994; 3. General Agreement on Trade in Services; 4. Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right; 5. Other Multilateral Agreements on Trade in Goods. Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas (PTO) tiesību akti atbilst starptautisko tiesību standartiem; tie ir plašs un sarežģīts tiesību aktu kopums. Rakstā apskatīti PTO tiesību avoti. Galvenais PTO tiesību avots ir Marakešas līgums par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu. Tas noslēgts 1995. gada 15. aprīlī. Publikācijas autors iepazīstina ar vairākiem PTO tiesību avotiem, piemēram, – Marakešas līgumu par Pasaules Tirdzniecības organizācijas izveidošanu; ar Vispārējo vienošanos par tarifiem un tirdzniecību; Vispārējo vienošanos par pakalpojumu tirdzniecību; Līgumu par ar tirdzniecību saistītām intelektuālā īpašuma tiesībām un citiem daudzpusējiem nolīgumiem par preču tirdzniecību.

Norm Relations Amongst Multilateral Treaties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Multilateral Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Ip Law ◽  
New Instruments

This chapter explores the revisions of and special agreements to the Berne and Paris Conventions. Amongst the multilateral agreements in the international intellectual property (IP) system, these Conventions stand out as those with a long history of more than a hundred years of existence. However, international IP law has since developed outside of the two ‘classic’ conventions. Increasingly, these developments have taken place in different forums, such as trade negotiations, and in new institutions, such as the World Trade Organisation (WTO). This raises the question on how these new instruments relate to the classic treaties. As such, the chapter also analyses the WTO Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS) and its relations with the main pre-existing IP treaties.

scholarly journals Implementasi Ratifikasi Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right (Trips Agremeent) terhadap Politik Hukum di Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-129
Author(s):  
Erika Vivin Setyoningsih
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Trips Agreement ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The World ◽  
Related Aspect

Penelitian Yuridis normatif ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji ratifikasi perjanjian internasional terkait Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HAKI) apakah sudah sesuai dengan kondisi politik hukum di Indonesia.  HAKI merupakan hak ekslusif yang tumbuh dari hasil olah pikir rasio manusia yang diekspresikan kepada khalayak umum dalam berbagai bentuk barang dan jasa, yang mengandung manfaat dan berguna dalam menunjang kebutuhan hidup umat manusia, serta mempunyai nilai ekonomi dan nilai moral. Indonesia adalah negara yang menandatangani kesepakatan terhadap pembentukan organisasi perdagangan dunia (World Trade Organization).  Perjanjian yang ditandatangai oleh Indonesia yang terkait dengan aspek perdagangan internasional yang berhubungan dengan HAKI adalah Agreement on Trade Related Aspect Of Intellectual Property Right (Trips Agreement), yang telah diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia ke dalam Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang Pengesahan Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization (Persetujuan Pembentukan Organisasi Perdagangan Dunia). Penelitian menemukan fakta bahwa ratifikasi perjanjian internasional ini menimbulkan dampak yang dapat mempengaruhi iklim politik hukum di Indonesia. Seharusnya kesepakatan dalam ratifikasi TRIPs Agreement ke dalam hukum nasional disesuaikan dengan politik hukum bangsa Indonesia, sehingga implementasi ratifikasi perjanjian internasional HAKI terhadap politik hukum di Indonesia berjalan dalam koridor yang sesuai.

scholarly journals Rully Nanang Septiawan 185100003P

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rully Nanang Septiawan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The World

HAKI merupakan hak eksklusif yang diberikan negara kepada seseorang, sekelompok orang, maupun lembaga untuk memegang kuasa dalam menggunakan dan mendapatkan manfaat dari kekayaan intelektual yang dimiliki atau diciptakan. Istilah HAKI merupakan terjemahan dari Intellectual Property Right (IPR), sebagaimana diatur dalam undang-undang No. 7 Tahun 1994 tentang pengesahan WTO (Agreement Establishing The World Trade Organization). Pengertian Intellectual Property Right sendiri adalah pemahaman mengenai hak atas kekayaan yang timbul dari kemampuan intelektual manusia, yang mempunyai hubungan dengan hak seseorang secara pribadi yaitu hak asasi manusia (human right). Istilah HAKI sebelumnya bernama Hak Milik Intelektual yang selama ini digunakan. Menurut Bambang Kesowo, istilah Hak Milik Intelektual belum menggambarkan unsur-unsur pokok yang membentuk pengertian Intellectual Property Right, yaitu hak kekayaan dari kemampuan Intelektual. Istilah Hak Milik Intelektual (HMI) masih banyak digunakan karena dianggap logis untuk memilih langkah yang konsisten dalam kerangka berpikir yuridis normatif. Istilah HMI ini bersumber pada konsepsi Hak Milik Kebendaan yang tercantum pada KUH Perdata Pasal 499, 501, 502, 503, 504.

Determinant of Foreign Direct Investment into Developing Countries in the Circumstance of Globalization

Upravlenie ◽  
10.12737/8791 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
Данг ◽  
May An Dang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
The World

Foreign investment, especially FDI plays a role more and more important for economic growth and international integration. However, the flux of FDI in the world is influenced by many determinants such as the population, GDP, the education level, the law on intellectual property right… Analyzing these determinants of FDI could contribute to find out the trend of global FDI and the solutions for developing countries to attract more FDI for economic growth.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Association of Health with the Liberalisation of Trade in Services under the World Trade Organisation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e102385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Román Umaña-Peña ◽  
Álvaro Franco-Giraldo ◽  
Carlos Álvarez-Dardet Díaz ◽  
María Teresa Ruíz-Cantero ◽  
Diana Gil-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Trade In Services ◽  
The World

scholarly journals The WTO practice of legality is ensuring transparency for self-enforcing trade

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-155
Author(s):  
Abdulmalik Altamimi
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interactional Theory ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
State Actors

Purpose One of the core objectives of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) is to maintain a practice of legality, including guaranteeing state and non-state actors interact based on the world trade norms. In seeking to achieve this objective, the WTO aims to uphold the trade rule of law by emphasising compliance with specified rules and procedures during the accession process, dispute settlement and trade policy review. This study aims to review these compliance procedures by invoking the interactional international law concept of a community of legal practice. Second, it briefly illuminates Chad Bown’s proposal to establish an institute for assessing WTO commitments to improve member states’ remit to detect, challenge and deter noncompliance. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on Jutta Brunnée and Stephen Toope’s Interactional Theory of International Law. Findings There is a strong link between transparency and enforcement in WTO law. The efficacy of the WTO law depends not only on its role in adjudication, but also on facilitating interactional legal practices, within and outside the WTO. Originality/value This paper offers an original analysis of the practices of compliance with WTO obligations and illuminates a new proposal for improving compliance. To attract and maintain compliance, the WTO needs to facilitate transparent interactional legal practices for states and non-state actors.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI MEREK TERDAFTAR SEBAGAI PERLINDUNGAN TERHADAP KONSUMEN

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Fenny - Wulandari
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right

ABSTRAKPengaturan Intellectual Property Right (Hak Kekayaan Intelektual) terkait Merek diatur dalam Undang-Undang No 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Dalam undang-undang tersebut tidak secara tersurat diatur tentang perlindungan konsumen tetapi tersirat dalam konsiderans bahwa Indonesia sebagai anggota WTO (World Trade Organization) mempunyai konsekuensi untuk meratifikasi Konvensi Internasional dalam  menjaga perlindungan konsumen. Hal ini yang hendak dicapai dengan konsep Hak Kekayaan Intelektual yang secara internasional tercantum dalam WTO Agreement/Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs). Dalam Undang-Undang No 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen pada pasal 4 huruf c, hak konsumen adalah hak atas informasi yang benar, jelas dan jujur mengenai kondisi serta jaminan barang dan/atau jasa. Hal ini yang harus diperhatikan para pelaku usaha atau produsen ketika memproduksi barang dan/atau jasa yang kemudian akan didaftarkan hak mereknya.  Kata Kunci : Hak Kekayaan Intelektual, Merek, Perlindungan Konsumen

Parallel Import in India

2017 ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Dinesh Kumar ◽  
Gurjinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Right ◽  
Intellectual Property Right ◽  
Parallel Imports ◽  
Local Competition ◽  
Parallel Import ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Contemporary View ◽  
The World ◽  
International Issues

People often say that the world is not only “Black and White” but there are many other shades which pose difficult question. Parallel import, which is also known as “Grey area” is one of them. Parallel imports are goods produced genuinely under protection of a trademark, patent, or copyright, placed in one market, and then imported into another market without the approval of the Intellectual Property Right holder. Through this chapter, the Author(s) have tried to give an insight on parallel imports by discussing all possible national and international issues related to it. Some principal concepts like exhaustion, regional and global have acquired considerable space in the chapter. A brief contemporary view on parallel import has also been taken by the author(s). The contradictory views; one which favours the Parallel imports by endorsing that it enhances the local competition; and another which condemns parallel imports are covered in the later part of the chapter.

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