Understanding Statistics Cognition

2017 ◽  
pp. 10-56
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter focuses on understanding the use of and relationship among the features of statistics cognition: literacy, reasoning, and thinking. We argue that research on statistics cognition is fragmented, which is problematic for understanding how these constructs can be unified to support education. We then review methods of quantifying cognitions, involving studies which have attempted to categorize and parse cognitive processes. This information is then used to synthesize a new approach to understanding statistics cognition, proposing a model which makes specific predictions about the relationship of these features. The model and definitions of cognitions presented in this chapter are used as a basis of discussion cognition throughout the remainder of the book.

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

scholarly journals Characteristics of emotional state and cognitive processes in patients with ischemic stroke in acute period

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kotsyubinskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazakov ◽  
N. Yu. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, studies aimed at assessing the emotional state and cognitive processes associated with the processing of emotionally determined information in patients with ischemic stroke, as well as finding the relationship between them are particularly relevant, mainly for the subsequent optimization of the therapeutic process. In order to identify the features of the emotional state and cognitive processes, a group of patients with ischemic stroke in the acute period in the amount of 25 people was examined. It was established that in patients with a lesion in the anterior cortex, depressive states in the acute period of stroke are more pronounced. Patients successfully reproduce emotionally significant words in comparison with neutral words; an interrelation between the level of anxiety and depression was found, which indicates that these states are comorbid. But, in turn, the relationship of the severity of anxiety and depression with the cognitive processes of recognition and reproduction, as well as differences in mnestic and gnostic activity in patients with different levels of anxiety and depression were not identified. After the treatment with Semax an improvement was noted.

Developing a Multisemester Interwoven Dynamic Systems Project to Foster Learning and Retention of STEM Material

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Avitabile ◽  
Stephen Pennell ◽  
John White
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Introductory Courses ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Educational Career ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Students generally do not understand how basic STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) material fits into all of their engineering courses. Basic material is presented in introductory courses but the relationship of the material to subsequent courses is unclear to the student since the practical relevance of the material is not necessarily presented. Students generally hit the “reset button” after each course not realizing the importance of basic STEM material. The capstone experience is supposed to “tie all the pieces together” but this occurs too late in the student’s educational career. A new multisemester interwoven dynamic systems project has been initiated to better integrate the material from differential equations, mathematical methods, laboratory measurements and dynamic systems across several semesters/courses so that the students can better understand the relationship of basic STEM material to an ongoing problem. This paper highlights the overall concept to be addressed by the new approach. The description of the project and modules under development are discussed.

scholarly journals Age-related decline in executive function as a hallmark of cognitive ageing in primates: an overview of cognitive and neurobiological studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 375 (1811) ◽  
pp. 20190618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnès Lacreuse ◽  
Naftali Raz ◽  
Daniel Schmidtke ◽  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
James G. Herndon
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Cognitive Ageing ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ageing Brain

Executive function (EF) is a complex construct that reflects multiple higher-order cognitive processes such as planning, updating, inhibiting and set-shifting. Decline in these functions is a hallmark of cognitive ageing in humans, and age differences and changes in EF correlate with age-related differences and changes in association cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas. Here, we review evidence for age-related decline in EF and associated neurobiological changes in prosimians, New World and Old World monkeys, apes and humans. While EF declines with age in all primate species studied, the relationship of this decline with age-related alterations in the prefrontal cortex remains unclear, owing to the scarcity of neurobiological studies focusing on the ageing brain in most primate species. In addition, the influence of sex, vascular and metabolic risk, and hormonal status has rarely been considered. We outline several methodological limitations and challenges with the goal of producing a comprehensive integration of cognitive and neurobiological data across species and elucidating how ageing shapes neurocognitive trajectories in primates with different life histories, lifespans and brain architectures. Such comparative investigations are critical for fostering translational research and understanding healthy and pathological ageing in our own species. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolution of the primate ageing process’.

scholarly journals A Direct Attitude Determination Approach Based on GPS Double-Difference Carrier Phase Measurements

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhua Cheng ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Lin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carrier Phase ◽  
Attitude Determination ◽  
Double Difference ◽  
Body Frame ◽  
Phase Equation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Solution Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Attitude Matrix

The principle of the traditional attitude solution approach based on GPS (Global Position System) is to get the attitude matrix according to the relationship of coordinates. During the progress, the error of baseline position assumed in ECEF (Earth-Centered Earth-Fixed) and the error of coordinate transform between body frame and reference frame (ENU, East-North-Up) have been included in the result, and finally the precision of attitude determination is reduced. This contribution presents a new approach of attitude determination, in which the attitude angles are calculated by the double-difference carrier phase equation of GPS according to the relationship of attitude matrix and attitude angles through least-squares estimate method. The new approach predigests the procedure of attitude determination which reduces the error assumed. According to the analysis the precision of attitude determination is higher than that of traditional method. It is shown it gets a precise attitude result with the direct attitude determination method in the simulation. A novel algorithm is proposed to solve some problems. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

scholarly journals Polyharmonic signals and their properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Butyrskiy ◽  
Vitaliy Rahuba
Keyword(s):  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Active Location ◽  
Signal Synthesis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prospects Of Application

This article proposes a new approach to signal synthesis to ensure the stealth and safety of active location tools, which improves the efficiency of lighting. The work has been classified complex broadband signals, considered the class of polyharmonic and band signals, their pros and cons, the prospects of application in the systems of location, shows the relationship of their signals with hyperbolic function and generalized range Fibonacci.

scholarly journals Rastafari: towards a new approach

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 127-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Chevannes
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Cultural Continuity ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Author looks at the Rastafari movement not as a purely social structure type of perspective and tries to see it in the context of cultural continuity. He examines the relationship of Rastafari to Revivalism and looks at the structure of the movement itself.

A New Approach to Assess the Changing Growth Model of Open National Innovation Systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Hao Chang ◽  
Carey Ming-Li Chen
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Latent Growth ◽  
National Innovation Systems ◽  
New Approach ◽  
International Linkages ◽  
Innovation Model ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The open innovation paradigm is an important topic of management thought in national innovation systems. Previous studies of open national innovation systems have almost always focused on concepts or theoretical exploration. There is a great lack of integrated frameworks for the process and mechanism of open national innovation systems. Therefore, the research adopts a structural approach and provides an open national innovation model to verify the influence of different mechanisms on open innovation outputs. As well, we argue that open national innovation systems will change over time, as the mechanisms are dynamic, linking, and coexistent. The study adopts a latent growth curve model to verify the growth tendency and progressive change. The policymaker’s perspective of exploring open national innovation systems is important. Building open national innovation capabilities is based on cumulativeness conditions, diffusion capabilities, and international linkages. The results show that cumulativeness conditions and international linkages will positively affect the growth rate of open innovation outputs. Consequently, this study adopts a dynamic experimental map to validate the relationship of the dimensions to provide government with some practical suggestions for making effective policy.

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