Psychodynamic Psychiatry in the Philippines

The authors describe the practice of psychodynamic psychiatry in the Philippines. They review features of contemporary psychodynamic psychiatry, the state of psychodynamic psychiatry in training programs, and its integration in national professional societies. Despite psychodynamic psychiatry's wide acceptance in the professional community in the Philippines and neighboring Southeast Asian countries, delivery of care to over 110 million residents of the archipelago requires creativity given the small number of psychiatrists. The authors discuss how psychodynamic psychiatry impacts the national mental health scene and propose future directions involving forging international linkages.

HISTORY AND EVOLUTION OF THE UNESCO MAB-6 MOUNTAIN PROJECT “HUMAN IMPACT ON MOUNTAIN ECOSYSTEMS”. FROM ECOLOGY TO MONTOLOGY

Through much of the twentieth century there was little concern over the need for sustainable mountain development. Nevertheless, the 1972 International Conference on the Environment (Stockholm) was an important beginning. The extensive publication that followed emphasized the need for environmental concern and action world-wide, although there was no mention of “mountains” per se. Nevertheless, several research initiatives received important stimulus, including UNESCO’s programme for “Man and the Biosphere”, especially MAB-6: The Impact of Human Activities on Mountain Ecosystems. This led to association with the International Geographical Union’s Commission of High Altitude Geoecology, and later (1977) the United Nations University’s project. These developments encouraged a number of mountain scholars world-wide to establish close personal relationships that had a decisive impact on the inclusion of Chapter 13 (Mountains) in AGENDA 21 (Rio de Janeiro, 1992), critical for the UN declaration of 2002 as The International Year of Mountains and December 11th as International Mountain Day. The following account explains how all these developments produced vital international linkages so that we can recognize, fifty years later how much has been achieved. The following account draws attention to many of the major achievements and the importance of goodwill and international collaboration. Throughout this long period of mountain activity there has been a persistent effort to promote the term “Montology”. This is to emphasize the need for a wide approach to transdisciplinary mountain research.

The Logistics Infrastructure Network of Belarus and its Universal Applications

The effective functioning of logistics infrastructure is a prerequisite for themodernization of a regional and national economy. It is also a prerequisite for the transition to an innovative development path; to include the amelioration of a population’s living standards. The study of historical patterns and characteristics of the development of logistics will allow us to determine the main directions for improving the activities of logistics infrastructure, whilst making recourse to appropriate management tools. The most important element of regional infrastructure is traditionally road and rail transport networks, which can both enhance and facilitate a region’s local and international linkages.

The Internationalization of Craft Beer

Historically, little beer has crossed national borders, and the notion of small, locally oriented breweries exploring international operations seems unlikely. Yet, the market for craft beer has changed tremendously since the 1970s, and international linkages have played an important role in these changes. While the most immediate cross-border manifestation of these connections is exports, this chapter argues for a broader conceptualization of this development. The very fact that the terms “craft beer” and “craft brewery” are commonplace throughout the beer world can be taken as examples of an internationalization process which also includes fundamental steps such as the global diffusion of beer styles and brewing techniques. To help illustrate this process, the chapter develops a case study examining the evolution of craft beer in the United States.

International linkages, geopolitics, and the Belt and Road Initiative: A comparison of four island territories

Existing literature has placed a strong emphasis on foreign linkages for the sustainability of island territories. However, studies have largely focused the effect of Western linkages, leaving the rise of Asian linkages unexplored. Such an investigation is of increasing significance given China’s rise in global politics and its ambitious Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). This article explains island territories’ inclination towards this newfound Chinese influence by comparing two Danish island territories and two Chinese island territories and argues that island territories with strong international linkages tend to face more challenges to accept the BRI, as demonstrated by the cases of Greenland and Hong Kong with stronger US strategic, military, and diplomatic linkages; and vice versa for the Faroe Islands and Macau with relatively weak international linkages. This paper contributes to the literature by moving beyond internal factors, including island types, sizes, and peripheralities, to explore how external factors, namely foreign linkages in international politics, from an alternative geopolitical perspective.