Intelligent Transport Systems Services in VANETs and Case Study in Urban Environment

2018 ◽  
pp. 183-207
Author(s):  
Hamid Barkouk ◽  
El Mokhtar En-Naimi
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Variable Topology ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

The VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc Network) is a collection of mobile nodes forming a temporary network on variable topology, operating without base station and without centralized administration. Communication is possible between vehicles within each other's radio range as well as with fixed components on road side infrastructure. The characteristics of VANET network that distinguishes it from other ad hoc networks, such as high mobility and communication with the infrastructure to support security or comfort applications, have prompted researchers to develop models and mobility specific protocols. The main goal of this chapter is firstly to compare the performance of three Ad hoc routing protocols: OLSR, AODV and DSDV, and secondly to examine the impact of varying mobility, density and pause time on the functionality of these protocols. The results of this chapter demonstrate that AODV have better performance in terms of Throughput and Packets Delivery Rate (PDR), whereas OLSR have best performance in terms of Packet Delivery Time (Delay).

scholarly journals Hybrid Tabu-Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for Multipath Quality Route Selection Routing In High Mobility Network

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 3529-3535
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm ◽  
Routing Optimization ◽  
Shuffled Frog Leaping ◽  
Hoc Networks

The Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) have been emerging as a technology offering many advantages to the users as regards cost and ease. The MANET is the collection of the connected mobile nodes and the connection is by the wireless links forming a temporary topology of network operating without centralized administration or the base station. Routing indicates a method by which information gets forwarded from transmitters to recipients. This is a strategy which guarantees the connection between two of the nodes in this network. For this work, there was a routing algorithm that was proposed for an efficient determination of an optimal path from the source to the destination in the MANETs. The Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) based protocol has been a routing protocol that has been designed for operating the MANET. This algorithm had been designed by means of using the TABU Search (TS) and the Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) which has been a metaheuristic algorithm that is a representation. The TABU_SFLA proposed had carried out two other operations generated in the neighbourhood for determining the optimal path and to minimize the time of execution. The results were compared to prove that the proposed TABU_SFLA was able to outperform all other algorithms that were well-suited for adapting the problem of routing optimization.

scholarly journals Mobility-Assisted on-Demand Routing Algorithm for MANETs in the Presence of Location Errors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Kien Vu ◽  
Sungoh Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Location Errors ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Demand Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
The Impact

We propose a mobility-assisted on-demand routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks in the presence of location errors. Location awareness enables mobile nodes to predict their mobility and enhances routing performance by estimating link duration and selecting reliable routes. However, measured locations intrinsically include errors in measurement. Such errors degrade mobility prediction and have been ignored in previous work. To mitigate the impact of location errors on routing, we propose an on-demand routing algorithm taking into account location errors. To that end, we adopt the Kalman filter to estimate accurate locations and consider route confidence in discovering routes. Via simulations, we compare our algorithm and previous algorithms in various environments. Our proposed mobility prediction is robust to the location errors.

An Illustrative Study of Vehicle Ad-Hoc Network Security using Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akshay Kumar MV ◽  
Amogh C ◽  
Bhuvan S Kashyap ◽  
Drupad N Maharaj ◽  
Shazia Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Advanced Encryption Standard ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Hoc Networks

India accounts for the highest road accidents and traffic congestion globally. The necessity for a canny vehicle framework is of great importance. VANET, abbreviated as Vehicular ad hoc networks is a network created in an ad hoc manner where different vehicles can exchange useful information among each other with dedicated servers ensuring safe travel. Security in VANET has always been a challenge in implementing a real time intelligent transport system. VANET is a type of mobile ad-hoc, to give correspondences among close by vehicles and among vehicles and close by fixed hardware. Vehicular ad hoc networks are highly dynamic in nature and suffer from frequent path breakage due to the high velocity of the moving vehicle. Hence, there are many security challenges and different types of attacks that makes VANETs less secure. Therefore, providing secure dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) easefully with any loss of data or malicious nodes has been a major research area. The major concern being addressed in the paper is to provide secure communication and save lives in road accidents. The role of security is high and messages in DSRC send warning messages to other vehicles. If attackers change these messages, then accidents become a part of the network and users’ lives can be at risk. Different classes of attacks include monitoring attack, social attack, timing attack, application attack and network attack to name a few. Advanced encryption standard is a symmetric block encryption algorithm. There is no evidence to crack this algorithm till date. This paper will provide a detailed overview of VANET architecture, types of attacks on VANET, AES algorithm and its salient features and how this algorithm could be utilized to make intelligent transport systems secure.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF BLACK HOLE ATTACK DURING ROUTE DISCOVERY PHASE OF AODV IN MANET

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Lalit Tripathi ◽  
Kanojia Sindhuben
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Black Hole Attack ◽  
Discovery Phase ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Result Analysis ◽  
The Impact

MANET (Mobile ad hoc networks) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming an infrastructure less network. Several routing protocols are designed for routing of packets in MANET. One of them is AODV (Ad hoc on demand Distance Vector) protocol whose performance is better for higher mobile nodes. It is more vulnerable to black hole attack by the malicious node. Black hole attack is a network layer attack in MANET that tries to hamper the routing process. During route discovery phase it sends false reply to the nodes and dropped data packets. In this paper, first we have implemented black hole attack in AODV and then analyzed the impact of black hole attack under deferent metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio and packet loss. Simulator NS-2.35 is used for implementation and result analysis.

scholarly journals Routing Algorithm To Eliminate Stale Routes (RAESR) In Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 4503-4509
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Routing Overhead ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of self sustaining mobile nodes which are connected through many wi-fi links to form a temporary communication for sharing information between the users. Mobile nodes behave as a host as well as router. As nodes in MANET posse’s mobility in traits frequently leads to irregular link between the nodes. Link failure directs a significant routing overhead during high mobility and also maintaining all the information associated with nodes and routing paths are considered as an extra overhead on the table. In order to overcome these issues, the routing algorithm to eliminate stare routed in routing cache. The neighbor degree centrality table is introduced to recognize the valuable nodes, using the valuable nodes the routes are discovered and link failure information are disseminated across the network wide. The results and findings show that the elimination of stale routes leads to significant reduction in routing overhead which in turn reduces the route error propagation delay

scholarly journals VANET: Framework, Challenges and Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Dr. Kalaivani D ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
The Road ◽  
Vehicular Networking ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Safety Applications

Abstract: Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) is one of the essential research field because of large increase in usage of vehicles on road. Many VANET applications are employed to improve road safety conditions, vehicle traffic, an emergency warning to vehicle drivers, collision avoidance and other non-safety applications for comfort. The main aim of these applications are to modernize the various processes associated with road traffic, vehicles, drivers, passengers and pedestrians by implementing smart transport systems. This study is to implement an intelligent vehicular transport design to improve the road safety, navigation and comfort. VANET communication technology is a combination of mobile vehicles with ad hoc networks. The purpose of this research is to predict and prevent road accidents by transmitting emergency messages using vehicular network technology. While transmitting emergency messages, the VANET has various challenges. They are High mobility of the vehicles, Dynamic topology, Wireless communication, Minimum transmission delay, Connectivity of the network, optimal usage of transmission power. These challenges leave the vehicular networking disconnected and make an exchange of information very difficult. Even though many researchers have done significant work during the last decade on vehicular networking, some problems have not yet been solved.

scholarly journals Speed Adaptive Beacon Broadcast for Information Dissemination in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 2850-2860 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Density ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Selection Of

Vehicular Ad hoc Network has been a key component of the Intelligent Transport System. An efficient mechanism for dissemination of information in VANETs is a challenging task. The high mobility of vehicular nodes and varying traffic flows makes selection of best relay vehicle to disseminate information a taxing task. Periodic beaconing for gathering information about the vehicles in the vicinity is though commonly employed in VANETs, but it degrades the performance resulting in channel contention and collisions. This paper presents a Speed Adaptive Beacon Broadcast approach that controls the beaconing rate depending upon the speed at which the vehicle is moving in comparison to the other vehicles in its locality. The selection of the relay vehicle is done keeping in consideration its distance from the source, local density and priority is given to the vehicle at an intersection. The approach is evaluated for both highway and urban scenario and simulation outcome reveals that SABB performs well in comparison to some of the existing approaches.

Trust Management in Ad Hoc Networks

2010 ◽  
pp. 224-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Timóteo de Sousa Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Staciarini Puttini
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Topology ◽  
Trust Management ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Security Requirements ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Distributed Collaboration ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless networks whose mobile nodes exchange information without the help of a predefined network infrastructure. MANET services, such as auto-configuration and ad hoc routing, must be provided in a distributed and self-organizing manner, by collaboration between network nodes and requiring each participant to both provide its own resources and exploit others’ resources. As the nodes may, continually and at any time, appear, disappear or move around within the network, the structure of a MANET is constructed dynamically and the network topology is subject to frequent and unforeseeable changes. In this situation traditional security solutions are insufficient to exhaustively address all security requirements. The distinctive characteristics of ad hoc networks imply the need for distributed collaboration solutions that are based on some form of trust. In this chapter, the authors survey the modes of utilization of trust as means for providing, with network security mechanisms or as an alternative to them, the necessary services in MANETs.

On-Board Unit Hardware and Software Design for Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 38-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Petracca ◽  
Paolo Pagano ◽  
Riccardo Pelliccia ◽  
Marco Ghibaudi ◽  
Claudio Salvadori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Hoc Networks

Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are a focus of public authorities and research communities in order for them to provide effective solutions for improving citizens’ security and lifestyle. The effectiveness of such systems relies on the prompt processing of the acquired traffic- and vehicle-related information to react to congestion and dangerous situations. To obtain a dynamic and pervasive environment where vehicles are fully integrated in the ITS, low cost technologies (capable of strongly penetrating the market) must be made available by the effort of academic and industrial research. In this chapter, the authors discuss the design and implementation of a prototype vehicular unit capable of interacting with both roadside networks and in-vehicle electronic devices. More in detail, in order to scientifically characterize the solution, the authors start from a clear statement of the requirements that the vehicle equipment should respond to. Then they detail the selection of the off-the-shelf components adopted in the prototyped on-board unit. In the last part of the chapter, the authors discuss several possible applications in which the developed device can be adopted, as well as open issues for future research activities.

Evaluation of the LORA-CBF Routing Algorithm with Selective Gateway in an Ad Hoc WiMAX Network

2012 ◽  
pp. 162-181
Author(s):  
Alejandro Galaviz-Mosqueda
Keyword(s):  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Ad Hoc Routing ◽  
Medium Access ◽  
Access Technology ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Wimax Network

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs) are characterized by their high mobility, where wireless links between vehicles unpredictably can change. This mobility makes it very challenging to establish and maintain a communication link in vehicular networks; therefore, networking in these kinds of networks has become a very intense area of study. Consequently, research of ad hoc routing and medium access control strategies has become an intensive part of current study. The research community has expressed considerable interest in introducing WiMAX as medium access technology and geographic strategies for routing algorithms. This work presents an evaluation of the LORA-CBF geographic routing algorithm that permits seamless communication in an ad-hoc WiMAX network.

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