Scenario Planning for Technical Knowledge Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 50-74
Author(s):  
Maryam Ebrahimi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Causal Loop ◽  
Validation Test

Localizing and creating technical knowledge in the developing countries to make them able to compete in the international arena will not be an easy task to undertake as it involves complexities and uncertainties. In this regard, methods of modeling and simulation help understanding the reality and thereby delineating the future. This paper discusses using system dynamics methodology in the Petrochemical Research and Technology Company (Iran). After determining causal loop diagrams, a dynamic model, and validation test, in order to improve the system, related scenarios to the research are proposed. The results show that research financing is a major obstacle in the course of growth and development; accordingly, some scenarios are recommended to increase technical knowledge through raising the initiation and completion rates of research projects. The paper closes with a description of the suggested scenarios.

Internal efficiency of public vocational training centres in Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Rachel Okinyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
Vocational Training ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
Internal Efficiency ◽  
Training Institutions ◽  
Low Levels

The efficiency of educational institutions is critical in the justification of resource allocation and use. However, some developing countries like Kenya face efficiency challenges regarding resource utilisation and the flow of students through the school system at various levels of education and programs. Past research in Kenya has focused more on resource utilisation in public schools. Very few studies have looked at the internal efficiency of public vocational training centres (VTCs). This paper assesses the level of internal efficiency in Kenya's public vocational training institutions through a mixed research design. The findings reveal low levels of internal efficiency as indicated by low enrolment, high dropout and low completion rates in the VTC institutions. The result also shows a low level of tutor utilisation. These results provide vital insights into improving the internal efficiency of public vocational training institutions in developing countries. The study recommends, among other things, subsidisation of examination fees to enhance students' completion rates.

Structure and Structural Change in Macroeconomic Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Codrina Rada
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Macroeconomic Theory ◽  
Dual Economy ◽  
Macroeconomic Models ◽  
Causal Structures

Macroeconomic models are built on causal structures that reflect choices made with respect to the variables that are solved from the model and those assumed exogenous. These choices are the ‘closures’ of the model. Differences in closures can lead to stark qualitative differences in the model’s solutions of macroeconomic equilibrium, and should therefore reflect the basic structure of the economy. In order to highlight these differences, closures are discussed first in the context of one-sector models. Closing mechanisms become even more consequential for models that formalize economies with multiple sectors. The second part of the chapter thus extends the discussion to multi-sector models and, particularly, to dual economy models. These models are especially relevant for understanding the process of structural change in developing countries and its implications for growth and development.

8 A Proposed Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Competition Authority ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Competition Law Enforcement

This chapter offers a coherent approach to competition law enforcement in developing countries. The promotion of economic growth and development should be the paramount objective of competition law enforcement in developing countries. However, ascribing the objective of the promotion of economic growth and development to competition law enforcement in developing countries does not require a detraction from a focus on promoting competition. In addition, competition law enforcement in developing countries must abide by the principle of causing no harm to the poor in society. If a developing country decides to pursue industrial policy, its competition authority may be asked to balance between competition and industrial policy objectives. Ultimately, competition law enforcement in developing countries must take into account the economic characteristics of developing countries as well as the enforcement capacity of developing country authorities.

Creativity in Multi Objective Problem Solving

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed E. M. El-Sayed ◽  
Jacqueline A. J. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Engineering Problem ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Engineering Problem Solving

Problem solving is one of the main activities in achieving design and research goal. While problem solving in general is an activity aiming at transforming unacceptable state of reality to acceptable state of reality, problem solving in engineering is usually a means for tackling other activities such as design and research. By breaking down design and research into a set of engineering problem solving activities, the goals of complicated design and research projects can be achieved. For this reason, the transitions from design or research to problem solving in some cases are unidentifiable. The identification of the problem solving activity goals and the transition between the three activities, however, are essentials for creativity and achieving the desired objectives especially when dealing with conflicting objectives and constraints. In this paper, design, research, and problem solving are distinguished as realization activities performed in different reality domains with different beginning and ending states. These three activities use modeling and simulation as basic elements of mapping between realities to perform analysis and integration. While analysis and simulation are mainly the analytical actions, modeling and integration are mainly the creative actions. With these distinctions, the identification of problem solving activity goals, and transitions between activities, can be easily realized. Also, creativity and dealing with conflicting objectives can be greatly facilitated. To demonstrate these concepts and their implications some illustrative examples are discussed.

scholarly journals A change navigation-based, scenario planning process within a developing world context from an Afro-centric leadership perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris A. Geldenhuys ◽  
Theo H. Veldsman
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Unique Contribution

Orientation: In the hyper turbulent context faced currently by organisations, more flexible strategic planning approaches, such as scenario planning which take into account a more comprehensive range of possible futures for an organisation, will position organisations better than conventional forecast and estimates that depend only on a single, linearly extrapolated, strategic response.Research purpose: This study aimed to investigate how scenario-based planning (a strictly cognitive management tool) can be combined with organisational change navigation (a practice addressing the emotionality of change) and how this integrated process should be aligned with the prerequisites imposed by a developing country context and an Afro-centric leadership perspective in order to make the process more context relevant and aligned.Motivation for the study: The integration of organisational change navigation with conventional scenario based planning, as well as the incorporation of the perquisites of a developing countries and an Afro-centric leadership perspective, will give organisations a more robust, holistic strategic management tool that will add significantly more value within a rapidly, radically and unpredictably changing world.Research design, approach and method: The adopted research approach comprised a combination of the sourcing of the latest thinking in the literature (the ‘theory’) as well as the views of seasoned practitioners of scenario planning (the ‘practice’) through an iterative research process, moving between theory and practice, back to practice and finally returning to theory in order to arrive at a validated expanded and enhanced scenario-based planning process which is both theory and practice ‘proof’.Main findings: A management tool incorporating the change navigation and the unique features of developing countries and Afro-centric leadership was formulated and empirically validated. This management tool is referred to as a change navigation based, scenario planning process (CNBSPP).Practical/managerial implications: CNBSPP is available for use by organisations wishing to apply a strategic planning tool that fits within a developing country context and an Afro-centric leadership approach.Contribution/value add: The research makes a unique contribution to the current level of knowledge by integrating two disciplines usually practised independently of one another, namely scenario-based planning and organisational change navigation. It also embedded the process into a different context of application, that is, the developed world as viewed from an Afro-centric leadership perspective.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding-An Extensive Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Jesmin Sultana ◽  
Muhammad Rabiul Hossain ◽  
Nurun Nahar Fatema Begum ◽  
Nure Ishrat Nazme
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Maternal Employment ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

 Breastfeeding has been accepted as the most vital intervention for reducing infant mortality and ensuring optimal growth and development of children. Breastfeeding is also considered as the most economical and easily accessible complete nutrition for every new born child1. Poor breastfeeding practices are widespread. It is estimated that sub-optimal breastfeeding, especially non-exclusive breastfeeding in the first 6 months of life, results in 1.4 million deaths and 10% of the disease burden in children younger than 5 years of age2. Reviews of studies from developing countries showed that infants who were not breast fed were 6 to 10 times more likely to die in the first months of life than infants who are breast fed3. The World Health Organization has stated that in 2000, only 16% of mothers in Pakistan exclusively breast feed for a period of three months, as compared to other developing countries where the ratio is higher like Bangladesh (46%), India (37%), and Sri Lanka (84%)4. More than 15% of 24 lakh child deaths could be averted in India by optimal breastfeeding practices5. The key to successful breastfeeding is Information, Education and Communication (IEC) strategies aimed at behavior change6. The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) strongly recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the first six months of life7. Variables that may influence breastfeeding include race, maternal age, maternal employment, level of education of parents, socio-economic status, insufficient milk supply, infant health problems, method of delivery, maternal interest and other related related factors8,9. Over the last decade, overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the integral role of breastfeeding in the survival, growth and development of a child, as well as the health and well-being of a mother has come to light10. Different studies were designed at national and international level to explore the knowledge, attitude and practices (kap) towards breastfeeding among postnatal mothers and factors that determine them1. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.11(2) 2015: 76-83

scholarly journals Correction to: Taking Preprimary Programs to Scale in Developing Countries: Multi-source Evidence to Improve Primary School Completion Rates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Crouch ◽  
Katherine King ◽  
Anna Olefir ◽  
Hiroshi Saeki ◽  
Tanya Savrimootoo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Completion Rates ◽  
School Completion

The article Taking Preprimary Programs to Scale in Developing Countries: Multi‑source Evidence to Improve Primary School Completion Rates.

Counseling in Developing Countries: Turkey and India as Examples

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shonali Raney ◽  
Deniz Canel Çinarba s
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mental Health Counseling ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Mental Health Counselors ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
Health Counseling ◽  
Current State

Turkey and India are developing countries with unique cultural characteristics. The current state of mental health counseling in Turkey and India necessitates new laws, indigenous approaches, adaptations of culture-sensitive approaches, and research projects to validate such approaches. It is the job of mental health counselors to accomplish such complicated and trying tasks in the absence of social and financial resources.

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