The Nature of Cyber Bullying Behaviours

Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Artificial Intelligence, Computer Simulation, and Human-Computer Interaction - Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7368-5.ch043 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 575-585

Author(s):

Lucy R. Betts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young People ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Digital Technology ◽

Cyber Bullying ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Direct Aggression

Digital technology has provided many benefits for young people. However, some of these benefits are offset against potential risk factors. For example, digital technology can be used as a mechanism to direct aggression towards another person, and this may take the form of cyber bullying. This chapter will review some of the current debates surrounding which behaviors constitute cyber bullying. The chapter will also discuss the various forms of cyber bullying and some of the motives for engaging in such behaviors. Finally, the chapter will provide some recommendations for researchers undertaking studies in the area of cyber bullying.

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The Nature of Cyber Bullying Behaviours

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch368 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 4245-4254

Author(s):

Lucy R. Betts

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young People ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Digital Technology ◽

Cyber Bullying ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Direct Aggression

Digital technology has provided many benefits for young people. However, some of these benefits are offset against potential risk factors. For example, digital technology can be used as a mechanism to direct aggression towards another person and this may take the form of cyber bullying. This chapter will review some of the current debates surrounding which behaviours constitute cyber bullying. The chapter will also discuss the various forms of cyber bullying and some of the motives for engaging in such behaviours. Finally, the chapter will provide some recommendations for researchers undertaking studies in the area of cyber bullying.

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Potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults. A scoping review, part I: incident and episodic back pain

Chiropractic & Manual Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12998-019-0280-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amber M Beynon ◽

Jeffrey J Hebert ◽

Charlotte Lebouef-Yde ◽

Bruce F Walker

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adults ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Back Pain ◽

Young People ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Older Age ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Children And Young Adults

Abstract Background The one-month prevalence of back pain in children and adolescents has been reported at 33, 28 and 48% at ages 9, 13 and 15 respectively. There are many suspected risk factors and triggers of back pain in young people. Objective The purpose of this scoping review was to identify potential risk factors and potential triggers for back pain in young people. The purpose of part I was to identify potential risk factors for incident and episodic back pain in young people. Part II included all eligible studies with unclear or mixed types of back pain. Methods Due to the vast number of studies on “risk factors” for back pain, a two-part scoping review of the literature was chosen as the best way to summarise the evidence. We adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guideline for scoping reviews. General potential risk factors and triggers for back pain in children and young adults (≤ 24 years) were included, incorporating physical, environmental, and/or physiological factors. A search was conducted using PubMed and Cochrane databases from inception to September 2018, limited to the English language. Within part I, and because of their importance, only the results of the studies that investigated risk factors of incident back pain and back pain episodes are presented. Results The search identified 7356 articles, of which 91 articles were eligible for this scoping review. The majority of the eligible articles had an unclear definition of back pain (results presented in scoping review part II). There were 7 inception cohort studies included and 1 cohort study that met the criteria for part I. The most consistent risk factors for incident and episodic back pain are female sex and older age. Conclusion Due to inconsistent ways of reporting on the type of back pain, no definitive risk factor for back pain has been identified. In general, females often report more symptoms, also for other diseases, and older age is not a useful risk factor as it merely indicates that the onset may not be in childhood. Clearly, the time has come to study the causes of back pain from different angles.

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Premature Arterial Disease Associated with Familial Antithrombin III Deficiency

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1645677 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 63 (01) ◽

pp. 013-015 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

E J Johnson ◽

C R M Prentice ◽

L A Parapia

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Venous Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Arterial Disease ◽

Coagulation System ◽

Early Age ◽

Arterial Thromboembolism ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

Antithrombin Iii Deficiency

SummaryAntithrombin III (ATIII) deficiency is one of the few known abnormalities of the coagulation system known to predispose to venous thromboembolism but its relation to arterial disease is not established. We describe two related patients with this disorder, both of whom suffered arterial thrombotic events, at an early age. Both patients had other potential risk factors, though these would normally be considered unlikely to lead to such catastrophic events at such an age. Thrombosis due to ATIII deficiency is potentially preventable, and this diagnosis should be sought more frequently in patients with arterial thromboembolism, particularly if occurring at a young age. In addition, in patients with known ATIII deficiency, other risk factors for arterial disease should be eliminated, if possible. In particular, these patients should be counselled against smoking.

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