Texture and Compositional Analysis in Archaeology

2011 ◽  
pp. 229-255
Author(s):  
Juan A. Barceló
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Perceptual Information ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Local Properties ◽  
Perceptual Variability ◽  
Surface Discontinuity ◽  
Visual Variety ◽  
Micro Topography ◽  
Archaeological Objects

In this section, we will consider archaeological textures as the archaeological element’s surface attributes having either tactile or visual variety, which characterize its appearance. The surfaces of archaeological objects, artifacts, and materials are not uniform but contain many variations; some of them are of visual or tactile nature. Such variations go beyond the peaks and valleys characterizing surface micro-topography, which is the obvious frame of reference for “textures” in usual speaking. Archaeological materials have variations in the local properties of their surfaces like albedo and color variations, uniformity, density, coarseness, roughness, regularity, linearity, directionality, frequency, phase, hardness, brightness, bumpiness, specularity, reflectivity, transparency, and so on. Texture is the name we give to the perception of these variations. What we are doing here is introducing a synonym for “perceptual variability” or “surface discontinuity.” It is a kind of perceptual information complementing shape information.

scholarly journals The Complexes of the Late Period of the Nabil Archaeological Culture (North-Western Sakhalin).

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-145
Author(s):  
Pashentsev P. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Sakhalin Island ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
South Sakhalin ◽  
Trade And Exchange ◽  
Metal Tools ◽  
Archaeological Objects

The article analyzes the archaeological materials of the two Nabil dwellings located on the sand spit, which separates one of the largest lagoons in the north-eastern part of Sakhalin Island from the Sea of Okhotsk. The researched archaeological objects are presented by pit dwellings with entrances in the form of a corridor-crawlway. The objects are synchronized, and they have C14 calibration age within the 4th –2nd century BC. During the existence of the settlement (the climate boundary was between Sub-Boreal and Sub-Atlantic phases) the climate was a little warmer than the modern one. The objects were located in the favourable fishing area of the island. The household complexes of the dwellings are similar. The Nabil’s pottery has foreign cultural influence and it is differentiated from the Early Nabil complexes. There are a lot of stone tools intended for the fishery. The stone tools were locally produced. There are both the stone tools and the corroded metal fragments and the stone replica of the metal tools. The Nabil jewelry is of transit origin and it shows the presence of relationships between South Sakhalin and the continental areas of Far East. It is assumed that in the conditions of a shortage of metals, the need for its import caused the integration of the peoples of Sakhalin into the system of regional trade and exchange relations. Keywords: Sakhalin Island, Paleometal age, Nabil culture, pit dwelling, pointed shape pottery, stone tools, tubular beads, iron Acknowledgements: The author is grateful to her teachers and colleagues Doctor of History Alexander A. Vasilevsky and Candidate of History Vyacheslav A. Grishchenko for critical and suggestive remarks that contributed to a broader understanding of the sources.

scholarly journals Archaeology of Semirechye at the End of the 19th Century (Based on the Materials of the Expedition Led by Ch.-E. Ujfalvy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Alisa Yu. Borisenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Aral Sea ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
French Author ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Illustrative Material ◽  
Archaeological Objects

Purpose. This article analyzes the archaeological materials gathered by French explorer of Hungarian descent Charles-Eugène Ujfalvy in the course of his expedition into Semirechye (Jetysu). In 1879 his work “French scientific expedition to Russia, Siberia and Turkestan” (“Expédition scientifique française en Russe, en Sibérie et dans le Turkestan”) was published in Paris, where the author expounded extensive and diverse materials on the history, demography, natural economic and cultural specificities of Central Asia. Results. Activities of the European explorers, French in particular, in the territory of Central Asia not once have been the subject of attention and research by specialists. However, only a few mentions in scientific literature can be found about the work of Ch.-E. Ujfalvy in the territory of Jetysu. They are particularly small in number and contain either mentions about the fact of that journey or general descriptions of the expedition. Analysis of archaeological materials gathered by scientists has not been carried out before. The expeditionary route passed through territories that the French author called the Russian Turkestan, by limiting it to Semey in the north, Zarafshan in the south, Fergana Valley in the east and Aral Sea in the west. Ch.-E. Ujfalvy was one of those whose work was distinguished by a great variety and volume of collected material on the history, geography, and traditional culture of the peoples living in the studied territories. Conclusion. Ch.-E. Ujfalvy’s monograph includes not only texts, but also illustrative material. He also outlined the archaeological sites and findings among the landscaping and natural attractions described by the explorer. He has covered some of them in text and some are simply sketched and attached as illustrations to the monograph. The scientist highlights several types of archaeological objects. The article provides a data review about archaeological antiquities of the Jetysu region, gathered by Ch.-E. Ujfalvy in the course of his expedition.

Microscopic Analysis in Archaeology

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
C. Stevenson ◽  
C. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Cultural Behavior ◽  
Dating Methods ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Technical Advances ◽  
Archaeological Sciences

The papers in this edition of the MRS BULLETIN were among those presented during a workshop entitled “SAS Interfaces '87: Microscopy for the Archaeologist.” The workshop was sponsored by the Society for Archaeological Sciences at the 52nd annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology held in Toronto, Ontario, May 1987. The Society for Archaeological Sciences is an interdisciplinary professional society for researchers involved in the broad spectrum of physical science applications to archaeology in order to promote interaction among scientists interested in different aspects of common research problems.Archaeometry, i.e., “archaeological science,” is concerned with the physical analysis of archaeological materials and the application of techniques from the laboratory sciences to the objectives and needs of archaeology. It includes such activities as compositional analysis, reconstruction of past technologies and processes, remote sensing, paleo-environmental reconstruction, and of course, isotopic and other chronometric dating methods. Such techniques alone, however, yield results that mean little without appropriate application to anthropological problems. The chief concern of archaeologists is to choose the most appropriate analysis method to achieve results that are useful in interpreting cultural behavior. To that end, laboratory analysts need to be aware of the interests and concerns of archaeologists, and archaeologists need to be able to understand the technical advances in archaeometry to incorporate them into their research.

scholarly journals Archaeologists, Treasure Hunters and Collectors: Heritage in the Spotlight

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148
Author(s):  
Virginia Salerno ◽  
Natalia Mazzia ◽  
María González ◽  
Cecilia Pérez de Micou
Keyword(s):  
World Archaeological ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Archaeological Objects

This paper inquiries into different aspects involved in gathering archaeological materials practices in the contemporary world. Archaeological objects comprise an intricate network of interests such as social, academic, scientific, touristic, historical, territorial, and economic, among others. It is based on those interests that the objects are appropriated and re-signified depending on specific contexts. We introduce two Argentinean cases in order to look into the relations between people and collected objects, and how those relations intertwine with social and political issues. Founded on these cases, we assess the need to create a broad-encompassing framework to study the collecting practices and the great diversity of actors involved.

scholarly journals Methods of stable isotopes in investigations of archaeological objects (application and last results)

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
Zaytseva G. ◽  
◽  
Burova N. ◽  
Rishko S. ◽  
Sementsov A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Archaeological Objects

This paper demonstrates the possibilities of isotope methods and the prospects of their application for analyses of archaeological materials. This information may be helpful for archaeologists in order to correct the direction of their investigations and to develop the optimal methodological approach to solution of particular problems.

Care of Archaeological Materials Begins in the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenna Nielsen-Grimm ◽  
Robyn Haynie
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Materials ◽  
Basic Solutions ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Potential Object ◽  
Archaeological Objects

AbstractCare of archaeological materials should begin when recovered in the field. Care and stabilization of objects in the field will greatly increase their research and exhibit potential. Identifying problems and understanding basic solutions to object care and stabilization is an important part of training for all potential object handlers. Proper care and stabilization of objects can and should be a priority for all object users—excavators, lab analysts, museum staff, and researchers. Constant dialogue and communication between repository specialists and archaeologists can be the most useful source for care of all archaeological objects.

Integrated Fractional white Noise as an Alternative to Multifractional Brownian Motion

2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 393-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Sly
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Process ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
White Noise ◽  
Gaussian Process ◽  
Discrete Data ◽  
Hölder Exponent ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
Multifractional Brownian Motion ◽  
Local Properties

Multifractional Brownian motion is a Gaussian process which has changing scaling properties generated by varying the local Hölder exponent. We show that multifractional Brownian motion is very sensitive to changes in the selected Hölder exponent and has extreme changes in magnitude. We suggest an alternative stochastic process, called integrated fractional white noise, which retains the important local properties but avoids the undesirable oscillations in magnitude. We also show how the Hölder exponent can be estimated locally from discrete data in this model.

Compositional Analysis of III-V Interface Lattice Images

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
A. Olsen ◽  
J.C.H. Spence ◽  
P. Petroff
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Image Matching ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Limit Set ◽  
High Contrast ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Fourier Image ◽  
Lattice Images ◽  
True Structure

Since the point resolution of the JEOL 200CX electron microscope is up = 2.6Å it is not possible to obtain a true structure image of any of the III-V or elemental semiconductors with this machine. Since the information resolution limit set by electronic instability (1) u0 = (2/πλΔ)½ = 1.4Å for Δ = 50Å, it is however possible to obtain, by choice of focus and thickness, clear lattice images both resembling (see figure 2(b)), and not resembling, the true crystal structure (see (2) for an example of a Fourier image which is structurally incorrect). The crucial difficulty in using the information between Up and u0 is the fractional accuracy with which Af and Cs must be determined, and these accuracies Δff/4Δf = (2λu2Δf)-1 and ΔCS/CS = (λ3u4Cs)-1 (for a π/4 phase change, Δff the Fourier image period) are strongly dependent on spatial frequency u. Note that ΔCs(up)/Cs ≈ 10%, independent of CS and λ. Note also that the number n of identical high contrast spurious Fourier images within the depth of field Δz = (αu)-1 (α beam divergence) decreases with increasing high voltage, since n = 2Δz/Δff = θ/α = λu/α (θ the scattering angle). Thus image matching becomes easier in semiconductors at higher voltage because there are fewer high contrast identical images in any focal series.

High Spatial Resolution Compositional Analysis at Interfaces

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 356-359
Author(s):  
John B. Vander Sande ◽  
Thomas F. Kelly ◽  
Douglas Imeson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Thin Specimen ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volume Of Interest ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

In the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) a fine probe of electrons is scanned across the thin specimen, or the probe is stationarily placed on a volume of interest, and various products of the electron-specimen interaction are then collected and used for image formation or microanalysis. The microanalysis modes usually employed in STEM include, but are not restricted to, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and microdiffraction.

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