Outline of the Human Factor Elements Evident with Pervasive Computers

2011 ◽  
pp. 330-342
Author(s):  
Genevieve Watson
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Human Factors Research

Pervasive computers cover many areas of both our working and personal lives. This chapter investigates this phenomenon through the human factors impacts, particularly in aviation. This chapter gives a brief introduction to pervasive computers and how they interact with aviation human factors research. Further, it follows the discussion on how pervasive computers have permeated into an integral part of the aviation industry by reviewing the specific issues of cockpit automation and the human-machine interface in the aircraft cockpit.

Adapting to the User

2010 ◽  
pp. 1006-1020
Author(s):  
Matthias Jöst
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Personal Lives ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Human Factors Research

Pervasive computers cover many areas of both our working and personal lives. This chapter investigates this phenomenon through the human factors impacts, particularly in aviation. This chapter gives a brief introduction to pervasive computers and how they interact with aviation human factors research. Further, it follows the discussion on how pervasive computers have permeated into an integral part of the aviation industry by reviewing the specific issues of cockpit automation and the human-machine interface in the aircraft cockpit.

Human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Shanmugam ◽  
T. Paul Robert
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Physical Aspect ◽  
Aircraft Maintenance ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aviation Maintenance

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a literature review on human factors in aircraft maintenance and to analyze and synthesize the findings in the literature on human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. Design/methodology/approach – The review adopts a threefold approach: searching and collecting the scientific literature; sorting them on the basis of relevance and applications; and review of the scientific evidences. Broad areas of aircraft maintenance regulations are identified and each area was explored to study the level of scientific growth and publications. Notable theories, models and concepts are being summarized. Findings – Application of human factor principles in aviation spread beyond the technical arena of man-machine interface. The discipline has created a great impact on aircraft design, operations and maintenance. Its applications have percolated into design of aircraft maintenance facilities, task cards and equipment. Human factor concepts are being used for maintenance resource management. The principles are applied to shape the safety behavior and culture in aviation maintenance workplace. Nevertheless, the review unfolds immense potential for future research. Research limitations/implications – Research outcomes of non-aviation studies are also reviewed and consolidated to extend the applications to the aviation industry. Practical implications – This review would be a consolidated source of information confining to the physical aspect of human factors engineering in aircraft maintenance. It is intended to serve as a quick reference guide to the researchers and maintenance practitioners. Social implications – It brought out the benefits of adopting the principles of human factor engineering in aircraft maintenance. Application of human factor philosophy ensures enhanced safety in air transport, personal safety and well-being of maintenance personnel. Originality/value – This is a unique review based on aircraft maintenance regulations that are baseline performance standards made mandatory by regulatory authorities. Therefore, the review has been considered to be made on aircraft maintenance regulatory requirements that surpass corporate or competitive strategies in aviation maintenance organization.

Human Reliability and the Current Dilemma in Human-Machine Interface Design Strategies

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Passalacqua ◽  
Fumiaki Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Machine Interface

Since human error dominates the probability of failures of still-existing human-requiring systems (as the Monju reactor), the human-machine interface needs to be improved. Several rationales may lead to the conclusion that “humans” should limit themselves to monitor the “machine”. For example, this is the trend in the aviation industry: newest aircrafts are designed to be able to return to a safe state by the use of control systems, which do not need human intervention. Thus, the dilemma whether we really need operators (for example in the nuclear industry) might arise. However, social-technical approaches in recent human error analyses are pointing out the so-called “organizational errors” and the importance of a human-machine interface harmonization. Typically plant’s operators are a “redundant” safety system with a much lower reliability (than the machine): organizational factors and harmonization requirements suggest designing the human-machine interface in a way that allows improvement of operator’s reliability. In addition, taxonomy studies of accident databases have also proved that operators’ training should promote processes of decision-making. This is accomplished in the latest trends of PSA technology by introducing the concept of a “Safety Monitor” that is a computer-based tool that uses a level 1 PSA model of the plant. Operators and maintenance schedulers of the Monju FBR will be able to perform real-time estimations of the plant risk level. The main benefits are risk awareness and improvements in decision-making by operators. Also scheduled maintenance can be approached in a more rational (safe and economic) way.

The User-Oriented Design and Practice of HMI

2011 ◽  
Vol 58-60 ◽  
pp. 1819-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu An Duan ◽  
Hai Tao Song ◽  
Yan Ming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Computer System ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Functional Requirements ◽  
Software Products ◽  
The Media ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Design And Practice ◽  
User Centered

HMI (Human-machine Interface) is the media of communication between human and the computer system; designers should not only consider the completeness of its functions in the design of software products, but also human factors. It is necessary for the software products to meet the functional requirements of users, besides; a friendly interface is also needed to improve customers’ satisfaction while improving users’ productivity. This paper discusses the principles and specific method of designing a user-centered human-machine interface and then applies the method in the design of the mounter’s interface so as to test the method put forward in the paper.

Critical Issues in the Development of Speech Technology for Man-Machine Integration

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-206
Author(s):  
S. Joy Mountford ◽  
Wayne A. Lea
Keyword(s):  
Speech Recognition ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Speech Technology ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Speech Generation ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
Man Machine Interface ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Factors Research

It is evident that speech technology, recognition and generation, has grown rapidly in the last few years with new commercial and industrial products developing almost overnight. Speech technology offers the potential of a natural, efficient, and hands-free communication medium for humans to interact with computers. This exciting new man-machine interface concept is not merely looking for a new home, it is in desperate need of much good human factors research. The capabilities demonstrated by human and machine are very different. This means that the integration of a new technology should enhance, in particular, those human tasks that are difficult and fatiguing. In other words, the primary consideration should be in designing for the human's needs and capabilities. The machine and the interface can be redesigned and improved with time and scientific progress. Speech technology as a new interface medium offers another opportunity for the roles of human and machine to be complementary. Speech technology requires an expansion of the traditional concept of the visual-manual interface. A verbal capability permits new dialogue formats and information access and should not be viewed as a mere one for one substitute for visual or manual operations. The research reviewed will include performance studies in time-shared environments, which illustrate that voice recognition can be a preferred method of input over a keyboard. The speech generation studies reviewed indicate the utility of remote location spoken messages for alerting functions. However, there appears to be a lack of research effort in exploiting the interplay of the two speech technologies as a natural conversational dialogue interface. Some key basic research studies are sorely missing and their suggested format will be described. This presentation attempts to summarize the kinds of research issues that have been addressed in the application of speech technology to the human-machine interface, especially within the context of military and industrial environments. Merely determining technically that a particular task can be performed using the speech medium does not imply that this same task should be implemented using speech technology. Such features as user utility, role within the whole work station, type of payoff, and additional environmental factors need to be simultaneously considered and weighted accordingly for each particular application. Some methodological approaches that have been developed to aid in these determinations will be discussed. Guidelines for both human factors considerations and methodology development will be described to include the following: a. Criteria for assessing task utility b. Vocabulary selection using confusion matrices c. Structure of task-oriented grammar d. Structure of dialogue tasks e. Potential linguistic-semantic enhancements f. Recommended performance evaluation tests g. Operator training recommendations h. Impact of environmental constraints i. Problems encountered in restricted communication modes j. Potential of multi-modal communications k. Enhancements to hardware and software configurations In addition to these guidelines for speech technology implementations, some specific considerations that need to be given for speech recognition and generation individually will be described. For example, the impact that connected or continuous speech recognition may have on man-machine interfaces, and the use of flexible word order entry needs to be considered. There are also some concerns about the additional auditory memory loadings that may be placed on operators using lengthy speech generation feedback messages. Furthermore, speech generation implementation requires complex prioritization and inhibition logic trees to be developed to prevent simultaneous receipt of two messages with vastly different user impact. Guidelines and recommendations for speech technology users and researchers alike will be discussed. The current gap in the development of speech technology as a successful and useful input/output mode focuses on the need for good human factors research. This discussion portrays what is known about the strengths and limitations of speech technology. In doing this, it illustrates the kinds of human factors issues and cautions that have to be addressed before speech technology can find its rightful role in enhancing any man-machine interface.

Human Factors Research: Can it Have an Impact on a Financially Troubled U.S. Aviation Industry?

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
General Electric ◽  
Human Factors Research ◽  
The U.S

The U.S. aviation industry is in serious financial trouble. Since 1990 two major carriers have ceased operations (Eastern – Pan Am) while many others have sought court protection from creditors. Boeing and Douglas Aircraft had record losses in 1992, and 1993 looks worse. Engine builders like General Electric and United Technology are having similar problems. Can research in human performance remedy the ailing industry? The answer is, Yes: improving human performance is one of many fixes that will help the industry. This paper offers aviation-specific examples of cost control accomplished through increases in human performance.

A Real-Time Interactive Evaluation Method on Human Machine Interface Design

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqing Xu ◽  
Qingxin Ma ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Shengyuan Yan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
3D Modeling ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Human Model ◽  
Design Quality ◽  
Modeling Environment ◽  
Human Models ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Machine Interface

During the process of information obtaining and operation executing in main control room of nuclear power pant, the displays or control equipments must be designed according to human factor standards. The design quality of human machine interface (HMI) is influenced by many factors, such as the percentile of human models, the position and structure of display or control equipments and so on, because the relationship between these factors are very closed, so it is difficult for designers to use enough human factor parameters in design process. Although the software for human factor evaluation had been developed, they can not be compatible with 3D modeling environment. Therefore, it is impossible to evaluate the design scheme of human machine interface during its developing process. In this paper, a new human machine interface evaluation method based on 3D modeling environment is proposed, which not only can realize the real-time interactive evaluation in the designing process of structure and position parameters of displays and control equipments, but also can improve the evaluation efficiency. Meanwhile, it can ensure the compatibility between evaluation software and 3D modeling environment. Based on the guidelines of the aforementioned theory, a kind of object-oriented evaluation software is developed under Unigraphics. 3D Human model plays a very important role in the evaluation on human machine interface. Nowadays, there are no human models in China which can be directly used in the human factor evaluation on 3D equipment model. The foreign human models can not be used in China directly, because the human dimension of Chinese adult is quite different. In this paper, firstly, the human model with relevant parameters of human factor evaluation is developed, and it can create Chinese human model of any percentile with different gestures. Secondly, the evaluation software embedded with human factor standards is developed, and it can realize real-time interaction between human model and display or control equipments. With the developed evaluation software, the evaluation on displays controls and consoles could be carried out, as well as the comprehensive evaluation on the whole human machine interface. At the end of this paper, the developed software is used to evaluate the human machine interface of main control room of one power plant. According to the quantitative evaluation results, some suggestions are proposed for improving the design quality of human machine interface.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities in Developing Next Generation In-Vehicle HMI Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 2115-2116
Author(s):  
Rebecca Williamson ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Bruce Mehler ◽  
Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Market Share ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Human Machine Interface ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Machine Interface ◽  
User Friendly

The next generation of automotive human machine interface (HMI) systems is expected to be heavily dependent upon artificial intelligence; from autonomous driving to speech assistance, from gesture & touch-enabled interfaces to web & mobile integration. Smooth, safe, and user-friendly interaction between the driver and the vehicle is a key to winning market share. This panel aims to discuss challenges and opportunities for the next generation of automotive HMI from the perspective of human factors and user behavior. Panelists from industry and academia will offer their unique perspectives on the concerns and opportunities in developing future in-vehicle HMIs.

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