Bio-Inspired Techniques for Topology Control of Mobile Nodes

2011 ◽  
pp. 217-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cem Safak Sahin ◽  
Elkin Urrea ◽  
M. Umit Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical System ◽  
Topology Control ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Discrete Time Dynamical System ◽  
Life Problems

In this chapter, we introduce a topology control mechanism based on genetic algorithms (GAs) within a mobile ad hoc network (MANET). We provide formal and practical aspects of convergence properties of our force-based genetic algorithm, called FGA. Within this framework, FGA is used as a decentralized topology control mechanism among active running software agents to achieve a uniform spread of autonomous mobile nodes over an unknown geographical terrain. FGA can be treated as a dynamical system in order to provide formalism to study its convergence trajectory in the space of possible populations. Discrete time dynamical system model is used for calculating the cumulative effects of our FGA operators such as selection, mutation, and crossover as a population of possible solutions evolves through generations. To demonstrate applicability of FGA to real-life problems and evaluate its effectiveness, we implemented a simulation software system and several different testbed platforms. The simulation and testbed experiment results indicate that, for important performance metrics such as normalized area coverage (NAC) and convergence rate, FGA can be an effective mechanism to deploy nodes under restrained communication conditions in MANETs operating in unknown areas. Since FGA adapts to the local environment rapidly and does not require global network knowledge, it can be used as a real-time topology controller for realistic military and civilian applications.

A New Secure Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol to Ensure Less Power Consumption in Mobile Ad-Hoc Network

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2483-2487
Author(s):  
Nippun Kamboj ◽  
Dalip ◽  
Munishwar Rai
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Current Time

Current time represents the era of communication technology and in this revolution MANET is widely used and act as a key star for data communication in real life decisive scenario for e.g., disaster management, traffic control, military services etc. MANET is infrastructureless data communication network comprising of mobile nodes. For MANET it requires secure and energy efficient framework for the underlying routing protocol. To meet the need of efficient data communication in MANET, an Energy Efficient and Secure AODV (EES-AODV) protocol is proposed. In the projected routing protocol, first the order of network nodes happen dependent on energy and afterward encryption has been done. Simulation of projected protocol is performed for such as Average Delay, PDR and Throughput. Simulated results shows that modified AODV gives optimized performance and provides a more secure and energy aware protocol.

scholarly journals Survey of Localization for Internet of Things Nodes: Approaches, Challenges and Open Issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheetal Ghorpade ◽  
Marco Zennaro ◽  
Bharat Chaudhari
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Node Localization ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Device Free

With exponential growth in the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, many new innovative and real-life applications are being developed. IoT supports such applications with the help of resource-constrained fixed as well as mobile nodes. These nodes can be placed in anything from vehicles to the human body to smart homes to smart factories. Mobility of the nodes enhances the network coverage and connectivity. One of the crucial requirements in IoT systems is the accurate and fast localization of its nodes with high energy efficiency and low cost. The localization process has several challenges. These challenges keep changing depending on the location and movement of nodes such as outdoor, indoor, with or without obstacles and so on. The performance of localization techniques greatly depends on the scenarios and conditions from which the nodes are traversing. Precise localization of nodes is very much required in many unique applications. Although several localization techniques and algorithms are available, there are still many challenges for the precise and efficient localization of the nodes. This paper classifies and discusses various state-of-the-art techniques proposed for IoT node localization in detail. It includes the different approaches such as centralized, distributed, iterative, ranged based, range free, device-based, device-free and their subtypes. Furthermore, the different performance metrics that can be used for localization, comparison of the different techniques, some prominent applications in smart cities and future directions are also covered.

scholarly journals Impact of Sparse and Dense Deployment of Nodes Under Different Propagation Models in Manets

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-84
Author(s):  
Altaf Hussain ◽  
Tariq Hussain ◽  
Iqtidar Ali ◽  
Muhammad Rafiq Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Signal Strength ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
The Impact

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the most emerging and fast-expanding technology in the last two decades. One of the major issues and challenging areas in MANET is the process of routing due to dynamic topologies and high mobility of mobile nodes. The efficiency and accuracy of a protocol depend on many parameters in these networks. In addition to other parameters node velocity and propagation models are among them. Calculating signal strength at the receiver is the responsibility of a propagation model while the mobility of nodes is responsible for the topology of the network. A huge amount of loss in performance is occurred due to the variation of signal strength at the receiver and obstacles between transmissions. In this paper,it has been analyzed to check the impact of different propagation models on the performance of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) in Sparse and Dense scenarios in MANET. The simulation has been carried out in NS-2 by using performance metrics as average packet drop average latency and average Throughput. The results predicted that propagation models and mobility have a strong impact on the performance of OLSR in considered scenarios. 

scholarly journals A new energy consumption technique for mobile ad hoc networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4147
Author(s):  
S. Alani ◽  
Zahriladha Zakaria ◽  
Herwansyah Lago
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A dynamic temporary network is created through wireless mobile nodes without the need for considerable infrastructure as well as a central manager. In a mobile ad hoc network, routing protocols allow a mobile for transmission and receiving packets. In the last decade, many variants have come up for the AODV. A minimum number of hop counts are chosen for enhancing routing protocols to include additional factors that can have an impact on path selections. As the distance between each node grows, the transmission power also rises accordingly. Hence, this impacts the network’s entire performance and the most important feature is the quality of service. Most of the traditional routing protocols include energy consumption levels of the nodes and various parameters, like residual battery power, consumption of energy per packet and energy needed per transmission. A new technique is proposed in this paper to enhance the routing efficiency by making use of lion optimization algorithm after identifying all possible paths in the network. This technique not only enhances the energy efficiency of each node but also the performance metrics.

Study on Performance Comparison of OLSR and AODV Routing Protocols

2014 ◽  
Vol 672-674 ◽  
pp. 1977-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Ming Cheng ◽  
Jing Niu ◽  
Tie Jun Sun
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Routing Overhead

A Mobile Ad hoc network (MANET) is a network consisting of a set of wireless mobile nodes, in which nodes can communicate with each other without centralized control or established infrastructure. To obtain a better understanding of AODV (Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol) and OLSR (Optimized Link State Routing Protocol) routing protocols, different performances are simulated and analyzed using OPNET modeler 14.5 with the various performance metrics, such as PDR (Packet Delivery Ratio), end-to-end delay and routing overhead. Only effect of mobility is analyzed in the paper. As a conclusion, in mobility case, routing overhead is not greatly affected by mobility speed in AODV and OLSR, and the PDR of OLSR is decreased as the node speed increased, while AODV is not changed. As to delay, AODV is always higher than OLSR in both static and mobility cases.

scholarly journals Performance of AODV and OLSR Protocols with Different Mobility Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 4775-4778
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Network Routing ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Mobility Models ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Control Overhead

The Mobile and ad hoc wireless network has a set of nodes and is a low power, wireless infrastructure less, self-organized and limited distance communicating network devices. The nodes are always changing their characteristics over time results into a different network topology. So, it is very difficult to predict the mobile ad hoc network performance. In this research paper we proposed comparative analysis and estimate the performance of network amongst the mobile nodes by reducing the control overhead. Main intention of the paper is to relate and estimate the performance of different network routing protocols under diverse mobility models. The routing protocols performance metrics are examined with varying node speed and node density of network amongst different mobile nodes. NS-3 is used as a network simulator with version 3.25 (NS-3.25) to carry out the research simulation results.

scholarly journals Mobility-Aware Routing Algorithm for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Chalew Zeynu Sirmollo ◽  
Mekuanint Agegnehu Bitew
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Routing Algorithm ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Discovery Process ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a group of wireless mobile nodes that create a temporary network without the help of any central administration or standard support services. Mobility of nodes determines the overall performance of MANET networks. High mobility of nodes causes frequent changes in the network topology, and this leads to link breakage and increases reinitiating of the route discovery process. MANETs commonly use broadcasting techniques for route discovery process. However, it can cause redundant rebroadcasts, packet collisions, and channel contention. The main objective of this paper is to design and develop the mobility-aware routing algorithm (MARA) to enhance the performance of the routing protocol in MANETs. The proposed scheme allows mobile nodes to rebroadcast or discard received broadcasted messages. The decision is based on the combination of node speed, distance between nodes, and residual energy of nodes. These parameters are considered both in route request and route reply process to reduce the chance of link breakage and broadcast storm problems. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated based on the performance metrics: packet delivery ratio, average end-to-end delay, throughput, and routing overhead. We have used network simulator NS-2 V-2.35. The simulation results revealed that MARA outperforms ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV), mobility and direction aware (MAD), and mobility and energy-aware (MAE) routing protocols.

The Psychologist in the Medical School: An Example of Solving Real-Life Problems

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matisyohu Weisenberg ◽  
Carl Eisdorfer ◽  
C. Richard Fletcher ◽  
Murray Wexler
Keyword(s):  
Medical School ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life Problems

Localization and Non-Localization Node Identification Using Dream in MANET

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Singh ◽  
Nitin Mishra ◽  
Angad Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Identification Algorithm ◽  
Mobile Nodes ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Location Services ◽  
Wireless Router ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc

 A Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Network consists of variety of mobile nodes that temporally kind a dynamic infrastructure less network. To modify communication between nodes that don’t have direct radio contact, every node should operate as a wireless router and potential forward knowledge traffic of behalf of the opposite node. In MANET Localization is a fundamental problem. Current localization algorithm mainly focuses on checking the localizability of a network and/or how to localize as many nodes as possible. It could provide accurate position information foe kind of expanding application. Localization provide information about coverage, deployment, routing, location, services, target tracking and rescue If high mobility among the mobile nodes occurs path failure breaks. Hence the location information cannot be predicted. Here we have proposed a localization based algorithm which will help to provide information about the localized and non-localized nodes in a network. In the proposed approach DREAM protocol and AODV protocol are used to find the localizability of a node in a network. DREAM protocol is a location protocol which helps to find the location of a node in a network whereas AODV is a routing protocol it discover route as and when necessary it does not maintain route from every node to every other. To locate the mobile nodes in a n/w an node identification algorithm is used. With the help of this algorithm localized and non-localized node can be easily detected in respect of radio range. This method helps to improve the performance of a module and minimize the location error and achieves improved performance in the form of UDP packet loss, received packet and transmitted packets, throughput, routing overhead, packet delivery fraction. All the simulation done through the NS-2 module and tested the mobile ad-hoc network.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document