Cyber-Physical System for Smart Grid

2022 ◽  
pp. 325-347
Author(s):  
Nagi Faroug M. Osman ◽  
Ali Ahmed A. Elamin ◽  
Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Power Resources

A smart grid is an advanced utility, stations, meters, and energy systems that comprises a diversity of power processes of smart meters, and various power resources. The cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can play a vital role boosting the realization of the smart power grid. Applied CPS techniques that comprise soft computing methods, communication network, management, and control into a smart physical power grid can greatly boost to realize this industry. The cyber-physical smart power systems (CPSPS) are an effective model system architecture for smart grids. Topics as control policies, resiliency methods for secure utility meters, system stability, and secure end-to-end communications between various sensors/controllers would be quite interested in CPSPS. One of the essential categories in CPSPS applications is the energy management system (EMS). The chapter will spotlight the model and design the relationship between the grid and EMS networks with standardization. The chapter also highlights some necessary standards in the context of CPSPS for the grid infrastructure.

Cyber-Physical System for Smart Grid

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Nagi Faroug M. Osman ◽  
Ali Ahmed A. Elamin ◽  
Elmustafa Sayed Ali Ahmed ◽  
Rashid A. Saeed
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Computing Methods ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Power Resources

A smart grid is an advanced utility, stations, meters, and energy systems that comprises a diversity of power processes of smart meters, and various power resources. The cyber-physical systems (CPSs) can play a vital role boosting the realization of the smart power grid. Applied CPS techniques that comprise soft computing methods, communication network, management, and control into a smart physical power grid can greatly boost to realize this industry. The cyber-physical smart power systems (CPSPS) are an effective model system architecture for smart grids. Topics as control policies, resiliency methods for secure utility meters, system stability, and secure end-to-end communications between various sensors/controllers would be quite interested in CPSPS. One of the essential categories in CPSPS applications is the energy management system (EMS). The chapter will spotlight the model and design the relationship between the grid and EMS networks with standardization. The chapter also highlights some necessary standards in the context of CPSPS for the grid infrastructure.

scholarly journals Data falsification attacks in advanced metering infrastructure

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Hasventhran Baskaran ◽  
Abbas M. Al-Ghaili ◽  
Zul- Azri Ibrahim ◽  
Fiza Abdul Rahim ◽  
Saravanan Muthaiyah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Advanced Metering Infrastructure ◽  
End User ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Advanced Metering

Smart grids are the cutting-edge electric power systems that make use of the latest digital communication technologies to supply end-user electricity, but with more effective control and can completely fill end user supply and demand. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), the backbone of smart grids, can be used to provide a range of power applications and services based on AMI data. The increased deployment of smart meters and AMI have attracted attackers to exploit smart grid vulnerabilities and try to take advantage of the AMI and smart meter’s weakness. One of the possible major attacks in the AMI environment is False Data Injection Attack (FDIA). FDIA will try to manipulate the user’s electric consumption by falsified the data supplied by the smart meter value in a smart grid system using additive and deductive attack methods to cause loss to both customers and utility providers. This paper will explore two possible attacks, the additive and deductive data falsification attack and illustrate the taxonomy of attack behaviors that results in additive and deductive attacks. This paper contributes to real smart meter datasets in order to come up with a financial impact to both energy provider and end-user.

Smart Grid and Cloud Computing

2016 ◽  
pp. 365-373
Author(s):  
Girish Neelakanta Iyer ◽  
Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Bandwidth Scheduling ◽  
Limited Bandwidth

The network is created through a mixture of IT, communication technology and electrical power systems. The smart grid means it is “smarter” in the sense it has its own intelligence hence a smarter power grid. The generated resources are being decentralized by the smart power grids. The major challenges with the smart grid include huge number of smart meters. Due to the large traffic and limited bandwidth, scheduling is very important. Traditional algorithms will maximize the throughput or minimize the average delay may not be valid in smart grid. Power grid plays an important role in datacenters which forms the backbone for the cloud computing infrastructure. The cloud computing and smart grid interacts through the datacenters. The load balancing and robustness can be achieved through this datacenter and cloud system. Many cloud computing features help to achieve this load balancing.

scholarly journals Voltage Stability of Power Systems with Renewable-Energy Inverter-Based Generators: A Review

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Nasser Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Asma Aziz ◽  
Apel Mahmud ◽  
Ameen Gargoom ◽  
Mahbub Rabbani
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Synchronous Generators

The main purpose of developing microgrids (MGs) is to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the power grid. RESs are normally connected to the grid via power electronic inverters. As various types of RESs are increasingly being connected to the electrical power grid, power systems of the near future will have more inverter-based generators (IBGs) instead of synchronous machines. Since IBGs have significant differences in their characteristics compared to synchronous generators (SGs), particularly concerning their inertia and capability to provide reactive power, their impacts on the system dynamics are different compared to SGs. In particular, system stability analysis will require new approaches. As such, research is currently being conducted on the stability of power systems with the inclusion of IBGs. This review article is intended to be a preface to the Special Issue on Voltage Stability of Microgrids in Power Systems. It presents a comprehensive review of the literature on voltage stability of power systems with a relatively high percentage of IBGs in the generation mix of the system. As the research is developing rapidly in this field, it is understood that by the time that this article is published, and further in the future, there will be many more new developments in this area. Certainly, other articles in this special issue will highlight some other important aspects of the voltage stability of microgrids.

scholarly journals Challenges and Opportunities of Load Frequency Control in Conventional, Modern and Future Smart Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Alhelou ◽  
Mohamad-Esmail Hamedani-Golshan ◽  
Reza Zamani ◽  
Ehsan Heydarian-Forushani ◽  
Pierluigi Siano
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Frequency Control ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Load Frequency Control ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Stable Mode ◽  
Control Loops ◽  
Load Frequency ◽  
Secondary Frequency Control

Power systems are the most complex systems that have been created by men in history. To operate such systems in a stable mode, several control loops are needed. Voltage frequency plays a vital role in power systems which need to be properly controlled. To this end, primary and secondary frequency control loops are used to control the frequency of the voltage in power systems. Secondary frequency control, which is called Load Frequency Control (LFC), is responsible for maintaining the frequency in a desirable level after a disturbance. Likewise, the power exchanges between different control areas are controlled by LFC approaches. In recent decades, many control approaches have been suggested for LFC in power systems. This paper presents a comprehensive literature survey on the topic of LFC. In this survey, the used LFC models for diverse configurations of power systems are firstly investigated and classified for both conventional and future smart power systems. Furthermore, the proposed control strategies for LFC are studied and categorized into different control groups. The paper concludes with highlighting the research gaps and presenting some new research directions in the field of LFC.

Under Frequency Load Shedding Techniques for Future Smart Power Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-202
Author(s):  
H. H. Alhelou
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Load Shedding ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Power Demand ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
System Frequency

It is critical for today's power system to remain in a state of equilibrium under normal conditions and severe disturbances. Power imbalance between the load and the generation can severely affect system stability. Therefore, it is necessary that these imbalance conditions be addressed in the minimum time possible. It is well known that power system frequency is directly proportional to the speed of rotation of synchronous machines and is also a function of the active power demand. As a consequence, when active power demand is greater than the generation, synchronous generators tends to slow down and the frequency decreases to even below threshold if not quickly addressed. One of the most common methods of restoring frequency is the use of under frequency load shedding (UFLS) techniques. In this chapter, load shedding techniques are presented in general but with special focus on UFLS.

Securing SDN-Enabled Smart Power Grids

2018 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Uttam Ghosh ◽  
Pushpita Chatterjee ◽  
Sachin Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Sdn Controller

Software-defined networking (SDN) provides flexibility in controlling, managing, and dynamically reconfiguring the distributed heterogeneous smart grid networks. Considerably less attention has been received to provide security in SDN-enabled smart grids. Centralized SDN controller protects smart grid networks against outside attacks only. Furthermore, centralized SDN controller suffers from a single point of compromise and failure which is detrimental to security and reliability. This chapter presents a framework with multiple SDN controllers and security controllers that provides a secure and robust smart grid architecture. The proposed framework deploys a local IDS to provide security in a substation. Whereas a global IDS is deployed to provide security in control center and overall smart grid network, it further verifies the consequences of control-commands issued by SDN controller and SCADA master. Performance comparison and simulation result show that the proposed framework is efficient as compared to existing security frameworks for SDN-enabled smart grids.

Vulnerabilities and Threats in Smart Grid Communication Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 1508-1535
Author(s):  
Yona Lopes ◽  
Natalia Castro Fernandes ◽  
Tiago Bornia de Castro ◽  
Vitor dos Santos Farias ◽  
Julia Drummond Noce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Physical Security ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Interconnected System ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Data Volume ◽  
Active Attacks

Advances in smart grids and in communication networks allow the development of an interconnected system where information arising from different sources helps building a more reliable electrical network. Nevertheless, this interconnected system also brings new security threats. In the past, communication networks for electrical systems were restrained to closed and secure areas, which guaranteed network physical security. Due to the integration with smart meters, clouds, and other information sources, physical security to network access is no longer available, which may compromise the electrical system. Besides smart grids bring a huge growth in data volume, which must be managed. In order to achieve a successful smart grid deployment, robust network communication to provide automation among devices is necessary. Therefore, outages caused by passive or active attacks become a real threat. This chapter describes the main architecture flaws that make the system vulnerable to attacks for creating energy disruptions, stealing energy, and breaking privacy.

Securing SDN-Enabled Smart Power Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 1028-1046
Author(s):  
Uttam Ghosh ◽  
Pushpita Chatterjee ◽  
Sachin Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Grid Networks ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Sdn Controller

Software-defined networking (SDN) provides flexibility in controlling, managing, and dynamically reconfiguring the distributed heterogeneous smart grid networks. Considerably less attention has been received to provide security in SDN-enabled smart grids. Centralized SDN controller protects smart grid networks against outside attacks only. Furthermore, centralized SDN controller suffers from a single point of compromise and failure which is detrimental to security and reliability. This chapter presents a framework with multiple SDN controllers and security controllers that provides a secure and robust smart grid architecture. The proposed framework deploys a local IDS to provide security in a substation. Whereas a global IDS is deployed to provide security in control center and overall smart grid network, it further verifies the consequences of control-commands issued by SDN controller and SCADA master. Performance comparison and simulation result show that the proposed framework is efficient as compared to existing security frameworks for SDN-enabled smart grids.

A Review of the Smart Grid Concept for Electrical Power System

2022 ◽  
pp. 1361-1385
Author(s):  
Amam Hossain Bagdadee ◽  
Li Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Future Generation ◽  
Electric Power Systems ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Electrical Power System

The review this article conducts is an extensive analysis of the concept of a smart grid framework with the most sophisticated smart grid innovation and some basic information about smart grid soundness. Smart grids as a new scheme for energy and a future generation framework encourages the expansion of information and progress. The smart grid framework concord will potentially take years. In this article, the focus is on developing smart networks within the framework of electric power systems.

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