Smart Metering and Pricing Policy in Smart Grids

2022 ◽  
pp. 1170-1191
Author(s):  
Fatma Zohra Dekhandji
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Load Demand

Pricing policy is one of the tools allowing the involvement of customers in the balance between the supply and the demand in smart grids. The present chapter aims at presenting the smart metering action including the bidirectional measurement of energy for smart houses equipped with renewable energies as well as the way a smart meter communicates data at the required timing to and from the control center. A typical bill establishment explaining how the net billing is produced along with a discussion about different pricing policies that the utility may adopt to reduce the peak load demand is also presented. The work is concluded by a typical simulation of a smart city modeled in LABVIEW software.

Smart Metering and Pricing Policy in Smart Grids

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-69
Author(s):  
Fatma Zohra Dekhandji
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Labview Software ◽  
Pricing Policies ◽  
Load Demand

Pricing policy is one of the tools allowing the involvement of customers in the balance between the supply and the demand in smart grids. The present chapter aims at presenting the smart metering action including the bidirectional measurement of energy for smart houses equipped with renewable energies as well as the way a smart meter communicates data at the required timing to and from the control center. A typical bill establishment explaining how the net billing is produced along with a discussion about different pricing policies that the utility may adopt to reduce the peak load demand is also presented. The work is concluded by a typical simulation of a smart city modeled in LABVIEW software.

scholarly journals A Conceptual Framework for Minimizing Peak Load Electricity using Internet of Things

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 60-71
Author(s):  
Amira Hassan Abed ◽  
Mona Nasr ◽  
Laila Abd Elhamid
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Electricity Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Varying Demand

Electricity load demand converts from time to time frequently in a day. Encountering time-varying demand particularly in peak times is considered a big challenge that faces electric utilities. Persistent growth in peak load increases the prospect of power failure and increases the electricity equipping marginal cost. Therefore, balancing production and consumption of electricity or addressing peak load has become a key attention of utilities. Most previous works and researches were focused on applying Shave/Shift peak load to solve energy scarcity. In this study, we introduce four significant technologies and techniques for achieving peak load shaving, namely “Internet of Things (IoT) in Energy System”, “On-site Generation systems (Renewable Energy Resources)”, “Demand Side Management (DSM)” applications of control center and “Energy Storage Systems (ESSs)”. The impact of these four major methods for peak load shaving to the grid has been discussed in detail. Finally, we suggest a conceptual framework as guiding tool for illustrating the presented technologies of Shave/Shift peak load in energy systems.

scholarly journals Controlling capture plants to avoid CO2 emissions penalties during peak load demand

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 103285
Author(s):  
Muhammad Akram ◽  
Kris Milkowski ◽  
Jon Gibbins ◽  
Mohammed Pourkashanian
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Load Demand

scholarly journals Reliability Evaluation of Smart Microgrids Considering Cyber Failures and Disturbances under Various Cyber Network Topologies and Distributed Generation’s Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5695
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Aslani ◽  
Hamed Hashemi-Dezaki ◽  
Abbas Ketabi
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
Reliability Evaluation ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Test System ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Distributed Generations ◽  
Network Topologies ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Microgrid Control

Smart microgrids (SMGs), as cyber–physical systems, are essential parts of smart grids. The SMGs’ cyber networks facilitate efficient system operation. However, cyber failures and interferences might adversely affect the SMGs. The available studies about SMGs have paid less attention to SMGs’ cyber–physical features compared to other subjects. Although a few current research works have studied the cyber impacts on SMGs’ reliability, there is a research gap about reliability evaluation simultaneously concerning all cyber failures and interferences under various cyber network topologies and renewable distributions scenarios. This article aims to fill such a gap by developing a new Monte Carlo simulation-based reliability assessment method considering cyber elements’ failures, data/information transmission errors, and routing errors under various cyber network topologies. Considering the microgrid control center (MGCC) faults in comparion to other failures and interferences is one of the major contributions of this study. The reliability evaluation of SMGs under various cyber network topologies, particularly based on an MGCC’s redundancy, highlights this research’s advantages. Moreover, studying the interactions of uncertainties for cyber systems and distributed generations (DGs) under various DG scenarios is another contribution. The proposed method is applied to a test system using actual historical data. The comparative test results illustrate the advantages of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Imagining the smart city through smart grids? Urban energy futures between technological experimentation and the imagined low-carbon city

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110059
Author(s):  
Leslie Quitzow ◽  
Friederike Rohde
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
Urban Energy ◽  
The City

Current imaginaries of urban smart grid technologies are painting attractive pictures of the kinds of energy futures that are desirable and attainable in cities. Making claims about the future city, the socio-technical imaginaries related to smart grid developments unfold the power to guide urban energy policymaking and implementation practices. This paper analyses how urban smart grid futures are being imagined and co-produced in the city of Berlin, Germany. It explores these imaginaries to show how the politics of Berlin’s urban energy transition are being driven by techno-optimistic visions of the city’s digital modernisation and its ambitions to become a ‘smart city’. The analysis is based on a discourse analysis of relevant urban policy and other documents, as well as interviews with key stakeholders from Berlin’s energy, ICT and urban development sectors, including key experts from three urban laboratories for smart grid development and implementation in the city. It identifies three dominant imaginaries that depict urban smart grid technologies as (a) environmental solution, (b) economic imperative and (c) exciting experimental challenge. The paper concludes that dominant imaginaries of smart grid technologies in the city are grounded in a techno-optimistic approach to urban development that are foreclosing more subtle alternatives or perhaps more radical change towards low-carbon energy systems.

scholarly journals Smart Meter Data Analysis of a Building Cluster for Heating Load Profile Quantification and Peak Load Shifting

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4343
Author(s):  
Yunbo Yang ◽  
Rongling Li ◽  
Tao Huang
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Load Shifting ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Transition Season ◽  
Morning Peak ◽  
Heating Load ◽  
Heating Loads

In recent years, many buildings have been fitted with smart meters, from which high-frequency energy data is available. However, extracting useful information efficiently has been imposed as a problem in utilizing these data. In this study, we analyzed district heating smart meter data from 61 buildings in Copenhagen, Denmark, focused on the peak load quantification in a building cluster and a case study on load shifting. The energy consumption data were clustered into three subsets concerning seasonal variation (winter, transition season, and summer), using the agglomerative hierarchical algorithm. The representative load profile obtained from clustering analysis were categorized by their profile features on the peak. The investigation of peak load shifting potentials was then conducted by quantifying peak load concerning their load profile types, which were indicated by the absolute peak power, the peak duration, and the sharpness of the peak. A numerical model was developed for a representative building, to determine peak shaving potentials. The model was calibrated and validated using the time-series measurements of two heating seasons. The heating load profiles of the buildings were classified into five types. The buildings with the hat shape peak type were in the majority during the winter and had the highest load shifting potential in the winter and transition season. The hat shape type’s peak load accounted for 10.7% of the total heating loads in winter, and the morning peak type accounted for 12.6% of total heating loads in the transition season. The case study simulation showed that the morning peak load was reduced by about 70%, by modulating the supply water temperature setpoints based on weather compensation curves. The methods and procedures used in this study can be applied in other cases, for the data analysis of a large number of buildings and the investigation of peak loads.

scholarly journals Broadband Power Line Communication for Integration of Energy Sensors within a Smart City Ecosystem

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3402
Author(s):  
Jan Slacik ◽  
Petr Mlynek ◽  
Martin Rusz ◽  
Petr Musil ◽  
Lukas Benesl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grids ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Line ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Power Line Communication ◽  
Experimental Measurements ◽  
Simulation Tool ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Complex Simulation ◽  
Simulation Results

The popularity of the Power Line Communication (PLC) system has decreased due to significant deficiencies in the technology itself, even though new wire installation is not required. In particular, regarding the request for high-speed throughput to fulfill smart-grid requirements, Broadband Power Line (BPLC) can be considered. This paper approaches PLC technology as an object of simulation experimentation in the Broadband Power Line Communication (BPLC) area. Several experimental measurements in a real environment are also given. This paper demonstrates these experimental simulation results as potential mechanisms for creating a complex simulation tool for various PLC technologies focusing on communication with end devices such as sensors and meters. The aim is to demonstrate the potential and limits of BPLC technology for implementation in Smart Grids or Smart Metering applications.

GRID-CITY: A Framework to Share Smart Grids Communication with Smart City Applications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Covolo Heck ◽  
Roberto Hexsel ◽  
Victor B. Gomes ◽  
Luciana Iantorno ◽  
Lourival Lippmann Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Grids

Optimal Planning of Distribution System Considering Distributed Generators

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2022-2027
Author(s):  
Hui Shi Liang ◽  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Su
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Substation Planning ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way.

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