Innovations in Recycling for Sustainable Management of Solid Wastes

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-210
Author(s):  
Nazia Parveen ◽  
Dig Vijay Singh ◽  
Rifat Azam
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Global System ◽  
Rapid Generation

Rapid generation and accumulation of waste in developing countries is due to the increase in development, urbanization, industrialization, poor government policies, and population explosion. Various kinds of waste are produced in the developing countries but due to non-availability of ecofriendly environmental techniques, lack of resources, or the technical expertise, it is becoming difficult to treat the waste at the disposal sites. Most of the waste produced in developing countries is directly disposed to the landfills without any proper sorting and segregation, where it produces greenhouse gases, thus results in global warming. Recycling and composting is helpful in reducing the volume of the waste and producing valuable products which can have multiple applications. Thus, the requirement is to manage the waste by implementing strict laws, increasing awareness, utilization of innovative, as well as latest techniques (global system of mobile, geographical information system) in order to control the growing menace of the solid waste in developing countries.

scholarly journals Mapping Climate Changes in Iraq By Using Geographical Information System (GIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Sahib Jawad ◽  
Fatima Asaad Tayeb ◽  
Asaad Tayeb Kareem Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information System ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Method ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The Trapped sun’s thermal radiation in the earth’s atmosphere is known as the greenhouse effect.  This process is considered very important since it keeps the earth warm and hence possible to live in. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are considered very important contributors to the greenhouse effect. During the last two decades, the level of greenhouse gases has increased, which plays a major role in global warming and climate change. The Middle East is considered among the most affected areas by climate change. In the current study, Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to create some temperature maps that could show the air temperature distribution and difference between two different periods of time (past and recent) in different stations that cover the Iraqi governorates. A spatial interpolation method has been used. This method considers known values of temperature at a given location (stations in the current study) to estimate a continuous surface map during a specific period of time. The results of this study showed no significant increase in the average air temperature values, however the area of high air temperature values is growing during the cold and hot months of the year.  

scholarly journals Carbon Measurement: An Overview of Forest Carbon Estimation Methods and the Role of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing Techniques for REDD+ Implementation

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakur Bhattarai ◽  
Margaret Skutsch ◽  
David Midmore ◽  
Him Lal Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Forest Carbon ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Successful Implementation

Many scientists and policy makers consider payment for environmental services, particularly carbon payment for forest management, a cost-effective and practical solution to climate change and unsustainable development. In recent years an attractive policy has been discussed under the United Nation Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+), sustainable management of forest, and conservation and enhancement of carbon in developing countries. This could potentially reward forest-managing communities in developing countries. One of the challenging tasks for the successful implementation of this policy is setting up reliable baseline emissions scenarios based on the historical emissions as input for business as usual projections. Forest biomass measurements, the quantification of carbon stocks, their monitoring, and the observation of these stocks over time, are very important for the development of reference scenario and estimation of carbon stock. This paper reviews a numbers of methods available for estimating forest carbon stocks and growth rates of different forest carbon pools. It also explores the limitations and challenges of these methods for use in different geographical locations, and suggests ways of improving accuracy and precision that reduce uncertainty for the successful implementation of REDD+. Furthermore, the paper assesses the role of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS) techniques in the establishment of a long-term carbon inventory.Journal of Forest and Livelihood 13(1) May, 2015, Page:69-86

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