scholarly journals Mapping Climate Changes in Iraq By Using Geographical Information System (GIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.20) ◽  
pp. 578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainab Sahib Jawad ◽  
Fatima Asaad Tayeb ◽  
Asaad Tayeb Kareem Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information System ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Spatial Interpolation Method ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The Trapped sun’s thermal radiation in the earth’s atmosphere is known as the greenhouse effect.  This process is considered very important since it keeps the earth warm and hence possible to live in. Greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) are considered very important contributors to the greenhouse effect. During the last two decades, the level of greenhouse gases has increased, which plays a major role in global warming and climate change. The Middle East is considered among the most affected areas by climate change. In the current study, Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used to create some temperature maps that could show the air temperature distribution and difference between two different periods of time (past and recent) in different stations that cover the Iraqi governorates. A spatial interpolation method has been used. This method considers known values of temperature at a given location (stations in the current study) to estimate a continuous surface map during a specific period of time. The results of this study showed no significant increase in the average air temperature values, however the area of high air temperature values is growing during the cold and hot months of the year.  

scholarly journals MAKING LEARNING MEDIA FOR GREENBOX EFFECT SIMULATOR TO IMPROVE UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPT OF THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
Noer Sarifah Ainy ◽  
Nestiyanto Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Greenhouse Effect ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The earth is experiencing global warming due to an increase in air temperature (greenhouse effect). This is due to the large number of greenhouse gases produced by human activities. In addition, it is also due to the reduced number of plants that absorb greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide. This condition causes the study of the greenhouse effect to become an object studied by students at school. Understanding the greenhouse effect is somewhat difficult if only understood in theory. Increasing understanding can be done by making practicum learning media. This study aims to create learning media for the Greenbox Effect Simulator to help understand the concept of the greenhouse effect. The research was conducted using control variables and independent variables (use of plants and without plants). The plants used are Caisim, Sri Gading and Anggrek. The presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) greenhouse gases can be detected by three things, namely changes in the color of the CO2 indicator, changes in temperature, and visibility of the box. The color of the CO2 indicator shows green and green yellow for Box B (with plants) which means the concentration of CO2 in normal conditions. Whereas Box C (without plants) gives a yellow color, which means that the concentration of CO2 is at high conditions. The presence of carbon dioxide gas from combustion will increase the temperature by 1.4 - 1.9 oC in Box C (without plants) and 0.7 - 1.5 oC in Box B (use of plants). The visibility of Box B shows a higher brightness level than Box C. The best plants that can absorb CO2 concentrations are orchids. The ability of orchids to absorb CO2 is assisted by their roots which also function to carry out photosynthesis. The existence of plants functions to absorb CO2 quite well when viewed from changes in temperature, color indicators and visibility.

Innovations in Recycling for Sustainable Management of Solid Wastes

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-210
Author(s):  
Nazia Parveen ◽  
Dig Vijay Singh ◽  
Rifat Azam
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Global System ◽  
Rapid Generation

Rapid generation and accumulation of waste in developing countries is due to the increase in development, urbanization, industrialization, poor government policies, and population explosion. Various kinds of waste are produced in the developing countries but due to non-availability of ecofriendly environmental techniques, lack of resources, or the technical expertise, it is becoming difficult to treat the waste at the disposal sites. Most of the waste produced in developing countries is directly disposed to the landfills without any proper sorting and segregation, where it produces greenhouse gases, thus results in global warming. Recycling and composting is helpful in reducing the volume of the waste and producing valuable products which can have multiple applications. Thus, the requirement is to manage the waste by implementing strict laws, increasing awareness, utilization of innovative, as well as latest techniques (global system of mobile, geographical information system) in order to control the growing menace of the solid waste in developing countries.

scholarly journals Spatio-Temporal Modeling of Ozone Distribution in Tehran, Iran Based on Neural Network and Geographical Information System

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Sherafati ◽  
Hossein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad ◽  
Saeed Behzadi
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Temporal Modeling ◽  
Spatiotemporal Model ◽  
Ozone Distribution

Background: Air pollution is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases that people face in big cities today. Suspended particulates, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide are the five major pollutants of air that pose many problems to human health. We aimed to provide an approach for modeling and analyzing the spatiotemporal model of ozone distribution based on Geographical Information System (GIS). Methods: In the first step, by considering the accuracy of different interpolation methods, the Inverse distance weighted (IDW) method was selected as the best interpolation method for mapping the concentration of ozone in Tehran, Iran. In the next step, according to the daily data of Ozone pollutants, the daily, monthly, and annual mean concentrations maps were prepared for the years 2015, 2016, and 2017. Results: Spatial and temporal analysis of the distribution of ozone pollutants in Tehran was performed. The highest concentrations of O3 are found in the southwest and parts of the central part of the city. Finally, a neural network was developed to predict the amount of ozone pollutants according to meteorological parameters. Conclusion: The results show that meteorological parameters such as temperature, velocity and direction of the wind, and precipitation are influential on O3 concentration.

scholarly journals Geographical Information System for Beekeeping Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Hossam F. Abou-Shaara
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Geographical Locations

AbstractGeographical Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system that can perform analysis for various datasets in relation to specific geographical locations and has been widely applied in agriculture. So far, GIS has been used in relatively few studies related to honey bees and beekeeping, but this article aims to review those previously performed and to present trends to apply GIS in beekeeping and then to help and guide researchers to perform more studies utilizing it. GIS can clearly be utilized to select suitable locations for apiaries, to map bee plants, to study bee behavior, diseases and pests, and to predict the effects of climate change on honey bees beside other benefits for beekeeping. Many obstacles and problems facing beekeeping can be mapped and analyzed using GIS, and other techniques can be used with it to perform the required tasks as presented in this review.

scholarly journals Rainfall prediction to evaluate the flood risk using remote sensing and geographical information system

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-22
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Geographical Information System ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Curve Number ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Runoff Curve Number

Abstract: In this study, the runoff curve number map for Navrud watershed in north of Iran was determined based on the soil hydrological group, land-use and land-cover using remote sensing and geographical information system. For this objective, land-cover and Land-use situation maps were prepared using NDVI index and Landsat satellite data, respectively. Runoff curve number maps were determined using the overlay prepared maps in GIS and SCS table. For evaluating the accuracy of estimated curve numbers, runoff maximum discharge was calculated using HEC-HMS model and compared to the observed values. Furthermore, the climate change trend and probabilistic distribution functions were considered to predict the flood risk. The effects of climate change were defined by atmospheric general circulation models for A1B, A2 and B1 scenarios. Error analysis between calculated and observed discharge showed that watershed curve number was determined with acceptable accuracy.

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