Using Mudarabah for Micro-Enterprises of Refugees

2020 ◽  
pp. 593-621
Author(s):  
Omar Kachkar
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Micro Enterprises

This chapter examines the prospects and challenges of using the Mudharabah (profit-sharing partnership) instrument to extend microfinancing to refugees in microenterprise support programs. According to the literature, many Muslim refugees voluntarily exclude themselves from microfinance programs due to the element of interest that is strictly prohibited in Islam. Mudarabah as a Shari'ah-compliant mode of finance represents one potential instrument that complies with the religious teachings of Muslim refugees and could assist in the financial inclusion of many of them. Despite the inherent risks of Mudarabah such as moral hazard and adverse selection, some successful stories are remarkably encouraging. This chapter is proposing a model for a microenterprise support program based on Mudarabah. The chapter concludes that Mudarabah is a viable mode of finance provided that best practices in implementing Mudarabah as well as microfinance programmes are well adopted and observed.

scholarly journals PATRON CLIENT: KONTRAK SEMI MUDHARABAH DALAM TEORI KEAGENAN DI PERIKANAN LAUT

El Dinar ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Vika Annisa Qurrata
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Blue Water ◽  
Marine Fisheries ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study aims to find out how the skipper (as principal) interact with pandega fishermen (as agents) in creating mudaraba-style contracts in marine fisheries (patron-client). With in-depth interviews, there are two important findings: in general juragandi Blue Water Waters especially in the payang fishermen and the lifeboats impose exploitation fees or operational costs to the pandega fishermen in a shared way. Then there is a bit of aberration in the profit-sharing system, but this institution seems to exist and be a deal that never openly conflicts. Based on the findings and some literature, mudaraba contracts can be a purely alternative financing if it is more just and beneficial to both parties ie the master / shahibul maal as principal and pandega / mudharib as agent. To minimize the possibility of moral hazard and adverse selection on the mudaraba contract, it is advisable to monitor each return of the vessel for the sale of fish and the skipper can place one of the trustees other than the pandega fisherman.

Mechanism Design for R&D Outsourcing with Double-Sided Moral Hazard and Double-Sided Adverse Selection

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 1569-1574
Author(s):  
Xu Ding ◽  
Wei Dong Meng ◽  
Bo Huang ◽  
Feng Ming Tao
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Mechanism Design ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Private Information ◽  
Incentive Mechanism ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Transfer Payment

It is studied that how to use profit sharing arrangement as an incentive mechanism to stimulate both parties of R&D outsourcing to reveal their private information and commit enough R&D resources or efforts. First, it is proved that the double-sided moral hazard in R&D outsourcing can not be totally prevented under traditional profit-sharing arrangement, namely, fixed, proportional or mixed profit-sharing arrangement. And a new mixed profit sharing arrangement is proposed, which is composed of a fixed transfer payment and allocation proportion, and proved to be able to prevent the double-sided moral hazard, and motivate both parties to reveal their private information and commit enough efforts.

scholarly journals The Importance of Good Customer Ethics in Improving The Financing Portion of Mudharabah

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 015
Author(s):  
Khotibul Umam
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Islamic Bank ◽  
Bank Financing

Mudharabah is a partnership contract (reputation agreement) in which one party (shahibul maal) will give his property to another party (mudharib) as productive business capital  with profit sharing between the owner of the funds/capital based on the agreed ratio in advance. In practice, the application of financing mudharabah is not easy to be implemented in Islamic banking because financing mudharabah will make the asymmetric information between the customer and Islamic banking. Mudharabah client have more information than Islamic banking about all of that business.  Asymmetric information sometimes can make the costumer do the moral hazard and adverse selection acts with the result that Islamic banking didn't take that risk and make the distribution of mudharabah financing portion becomes very small when compared to the total number of Islamic bank financing. Mudharabah Customers must have a good business ethics and always have advanced principle of honesty, trustworthy and transparent in managing shahibul maal funds in orther to they can minimize the risk of financing mudharabah and make Islamic banking be confident to grant the decision of financing mudharabah.

An Environmental Scan of Caregiver Support Resources Provided by Hospice Organizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Julia Gyapay ◽  
Shannon Freeman ◽  
Donna Flood
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Telephone Interview ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Support Resources

Background: Informal caregiver support programs offered by hospice organizations support the health and wellbeing of clients and caregivers. However, an understanding of the best practices for informal caregiver support programs currently undertaken across Canada remains unknown, particularly across the province of British Columbia. Aim: The aim of the present study was to describe what existing resources and supports are provided by hospice organizations for informal caregivers of persons who are nearing end of life or who are recently bereaved in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: In this descriptive study, two thirds of hospice organizations (N = 42/66; 26 urban, 16 rural) participated in a semi-structured telephone interview focused on informal caregiver support programs. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically and descriptive statistics were employed. Findings: While no one-size-fit-all caregiver support program emerged as a gold standard across all hospice organizations, nearly two thirds (n = 26/42) offered one or more informal caregiver support programs. Four categories of caregiver support programs emerged from the data analysis, including companioning, bereavement and grief supports, education and service supports, and respite for caregivers. Conclusion: Caregiver support programs are a valuable service provided by some but not all hospice organizations across British Columbia, Canada. Future studies are needed to determine best methods for hospice organizations to formally assess caregivers’ needs and to determine the success and effectiveness of such programs in support of program expansion and evaluation.

scholarly journals Aplikasi Pembiayaan di Bank Syari’ah

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-233
Author(s):  
Ahmad Dahlan
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Information Problem ◽  
Sociological Aspect

The aplication of Syari’ah bank financial which is based on profit and loss sharing, known as margin profit sharing, seems facing many challenges. From the financing side, the obstacles are asymmetric information problem, side streaming, adverse selection, and moral hazard. The indirect obstacles are the sociological aspect, such as a domination of capitalist system in banking and the non optimum human resources.

AGENCY PROBLEM DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBIAYAAN AKAD MUDHARABAH PADA PERBANKAN SYARIAH

ALQALAM ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Aswadi Lubis
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Adverse Selection ◽  
Agency Problem ◽  
Agency Problems ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
The Public

The purpose of writing this article is to describe the agency problems that arise in the application of the financing with mudharabah on Islamic banking. In this article the author describes the use of the theory of financing, asymetri information, agency problems inside of financing. The conclusion of this article is that the financing is asymmetric information problems will arise, both adverse selection and moral hazard. The high risk of prospective managers (mudharib) for their moral hazard and lack of readiness of human resources in Islamic banking is among the factors that make the composition of the distribution of funds to the public more in the form of financing. The limitations that can be done to optimize this financing is among other things; owners of capital supervision (monitoring) and the customers themselves place restrictions on its actions (bonding).

Community Colleges: The Next Frontier of Recovery Support at Institutions of Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Erin K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Community Colleges ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
College Campuses ◽  
Support Programs ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Building Capacity ◽  
Grant Program ◽  
Pilot Programs ◽  
Recovery Support ◽  
Survey Responses

In 2016, TYR could identify only six community colleges offering recovery support programs and services. Based on this finding, TYR identified a need for pilot programs to better understand programmatic models that may be effective for supporting students in recovery at community colleges. TYR’s Bridging the Gap grant program supports these pilot programs and is intended to act as a catalyst for building capacity for recovery support on community college campuses across the U.S. The goal of the program is two-fold; first, to help more 2-year institutions initiate recovery support programs and services and second, to study what programs and services are viewed as helpful and useful to students in recovery so that best practices can be shared as the field develops. This session provided a recap of TYR’s 2016 research, observations from Year 1 of the grant program, and a discussion on survey responses on institutional attitudes and student engagement in recovery support on 2-year campuses.

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