Examples of Implemented Technological Bio-Inspired Surfaces

2021 ◽  
pp. 259-293
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Nanoscale Material ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tribological Surfaces ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Modification Of The Surface

This chapter examines the multi-scale nature of biological materials. It is shown that this characteristic motivated several design attempts within the field of tribological surfaces. These designs were not easy to implement because of a lack of technological means. Until the push for nanoscale material manipulation, many designs, although conceived and conceptually verified, were not technologically possible. The leap in technologies that matured within the past decade resurrected efforts to manufacture many discarded designs on a commercial scale. The material within this chapter presents samples of existing bio-inspired tribological surfaces. The examples are either a direct replica of the bio-analogue or represent a modification of the surface through a combination of chemical and geometrical changes.

Smurf1-targeting miR-19b-3p-modified BMSCs combined PLLA composite scaffold to enhance osteogenic activity and treat critical-sized bone defects

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 6069-6081
Author(s):  
Ao Xiong ◽  
Yijun He ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Guoqing Li ◽  
Jian Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Engineering Technology ◽  
Osteogenic Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Seed Cells ◽  
Tissue Engineering Technology

Over the past few years, tissue-engineering technology provided a new direction for bone defects therapy, which involved developing applicable biological materials composite with seed cells to repair bone defects tissue.

scholarly journals Scaling property of ideal granitic sequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Xu ◽  
Q. Cheng ◽  
F. Agterberg
Keyword(s):  
Lake Area ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Invariance Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ideal Granite ◽  
Markov Properties ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract. Quantification of granite textures and structures using a mathematical model for characterization of granites has been a long-term attempt of mathematical geologists over the past four decades. It is usually difficult to determine the influence of magma properties on mineral crystallization forming fined-grained granites due to its irregular and fine-grained textures. The ideal granite model was originally developed for modeling mineral sequences from first and second-order Markov properties. This paper proposes a new model for quantifying scale invariance properties of mineral clusters and voids observed within mineral sequences. Sequences of the minerals plagioclase, quartz and orthoclase observed under the microscope for 104 aplite samples collected from the Meech Lake area, Gatineau Park, Québec were used for validation of the model. The results show that the multi-scale approaches proposed in this paper may enable quantification of the nature of the randomness of mineral grain distributions. This, in turn, may be related to original properties of the magma.

In-Situ Electron Microscopy Testing of 1-D Nanostructures

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio D. Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Material Testing ◽  
Testing System ◽  
Device Performance ◽  
Nanoscale Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
In Situ Electron Microscopy ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Walled Cnts

Over the past decade, there has been a substantial thrust to reduce the size of electronic and electromechanical systems to the nano scale by fabricating devices out of thin films, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanowires (NWs). In these applications, a thorough understanding of material mechanical, electrical and thermal properties as well as device performance and reliability requires the development of novel experimental approaches. In this presentation the design, microfabrication and operation of a MEMS based nanoscale material testing system (n-MTS, see Fig. 1) will be presented. Results obtained from in-situ SEM and TEM tensile testing of NWs and CNTs will be discussed. We will show that TEM imaging is required to properly assess the modulus and strength of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) and demonstrate that the assumption of outer shell failure is not accurate in most cases. We will also discuss a change in failure mode as a function of electron and ion radiation.

scholarly journals The implications of clustered star formation for (proto)planetary systems and habitability

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (S345) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
J. M. Diederik Kruijssen ◽  
Steven N. Longmore
Keyword(s):  
Star Formation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Planetary Systems ◽  
Habitable Zone ◽  
Stellar Clusters ◽  
Galaxy Mergers ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Properties

AbstractStar formation is spatially clustered across a range of environments, from dense stellar clusters to unbound associations. As a result, radiative or dynamical interactions with neighbouring stars disrupt (proto)planetary systems and limit their radii, leaving a lasting impact on their potential habitability. In the solar neighbourhood, we find that the vast majority of stars form in unbound associations, such that the interaction of (proto)planetary systems with neighbouring stars is limited to the densest sub-regions. However, the fraction of star formation occurring in compact clusters was considerably higher in the past, peaking at ∼50% in the young Milky Way at redshift z ∼ 2. These results demonstrate that the large-scale star formation environment affects the demographics of planetary systems and the occupation of the habitable zone. We show that planet formation is governed by multi-scale physics, in which Mpc-scale events such as galaxy mergers affect the AU-scale properties of (proto)planetary systems.

Multi-scale assessment of water security under climate change in North China in the past two decades

2021 ◽  
pp. 150103
Author(s):  
Guodong Yin ◽  
Guoqiang Wang ◽  
Xuan Zhang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Qiuhong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North China ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Assessment

scholarly journals Multi-scale biothermal and biomechanical behaviours of biological materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 368 (1912) ◽  
pp. 517-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Xu ◽  
TianJian Lu ◽  
X. Edward Guo
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Multi Scale

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation of Tsunami Impact. a Short Review of Recent Advances and Future Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Marras ◽  
Kyle Mandli
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Tsunami Modeling ◽  
Tsunami Propagation ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
2D Shallow Water Equations

Tsunami modeling and simulation has changed in the past few years more than it had in decades, especially so with respect to coastal inundation. Among other things, this change is supported by the approaching era of exa-scale computing, whether via GPU or more likely forms of hybrid computing whose presence is growing across the geosciences. For reasons identified across this review, exa-scale computing efforts will impact the on-shore, highly turbulent r\'egime to higher degree than the 2D shallow water equations used to model tsunami propagation in the open ocean. This short review describes the different approaches to tsunami modeling from generation to impact and underlines the limits of each model based on the flow r\'egime. Moreover, from the perspective of a future comprehensive multi-scale modeling infrastructure to simulate a full tsunami, we underline the current challenges associated with this approach and review the few efforts that are currently underway to achieve this goal. A table of existing tsunami software packages is provided along with an open Github repository to allow developers and model users to update the table with additional models as they are published and help with model discoverability.

scholarly journals Βιοηθικά ζητήματα της χρήσης πτωματικών βιολογικών υλικών στην εκπαίδευση και στην έρευνα

Bioethica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Katsos (Κωνσταντίνος Κάτσος) ◽  
Konstantinos Moraitis (Κωνσταντίνος Μωραΐτης) ◽  
Chara Spiliopoulou (Χαρά Σπηλιοπούλου)
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk

Can someone claim property rights on a corps e? If so, to whom it belongs? If not, are there anylimits to the "use exploitation" of the human body? This paper discusses the ethical issues that arise ineducation and research with cadaveric materials by conducting a review of the international litera ture. Inthe light of various scandals concerning the retention of cadaveric tissues and organs and their use ineducation and research, the legislative framework in the UK was revised in 2006 to regulate themanagement of a corpse. Similar acts exist in m any other countries. In Greece, the current legal systemonly regulates the use of biological materials for transplantation, leaving a "gap" in education andresearch issues after death. Greece must leave behind the paternalism of the past and follow the p rinciplesof information and consent.

scholarly journals Educating Accounting Students On Computer Crime And Ethics

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Metrejean ◽  
Howard G. Smith ◽  
Dennis Elam
Keyword(s):  
Computer Crime ◽  
Accounting Students ◽  
Accounting Fraud ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethics Course ◽  
Computer Crimes ◽  
Technological Means ◽  
Ethics Courses

<p class="MsoBodyText2" style="margin: 0in 0.5in 0pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;">Accounting fraud has been prevalent in the popular press for the past several years.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>The accounting profession has begun to stress the importance of ethics because of this negative press.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Some state boards of accountancy have begun requiring ethics courses as part of continuing education to maintain certification and licensing.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Many accounting frauds are in the form of computer crime.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Accounting students must be made aware of various types of frauds, including computer crimes, how frauds are prevented and detected, and why ethics are important in the accounting profession.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic;">This paper describes several categories of computer crimes and technological means of preventing and detecting these crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Computer crimes and prevention and detection means are as varied as the perpetrators who commit these crimes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>Finally, this paper suggests using a combination of three courses to educate accounting students on computer crime and ethics for preparation for their accounting careers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>These three courses are a traditional Accounting Information Systems (AIS) course, a fraud prevention and detection or forensic accounting course, and an accounting or business ethics course.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span>These three courses, used in concert, will provide accounting students with the tools they need when they are faced with incidents of fraud or ethics decisions during their accounting careers.</span></span></span></p>

scholarly journals POTENTIAL OF CORONA SATELLITE IMAGERY FOR 3D RECONSTRUCTION OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL LANDSCAPES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Angás ◽  
Paula Uribe ◽  
Manuel Bea ◽  
Mercedes Farjas ◽  
Enrique Ariño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Aerial Imagery ◽  
Eastern Coast ◽  
Point Distribution ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
The Past ◽  
Southern Border ◽  
Unique Source

This paper presents a preliminary use of satellite imagery from the CORONA program in the reconstruction of thearchaeological landscape of two different sites: Ancient Termez (southern border of Uzbekistan) and Khatm Al Melaha(eastern coast of United Arab Emirates in Kalba area). This analysis constitutes the first step of the work carried out in thefield since 2018 at both sites for an analysis of the syntactic interoperability of multi-scale geospatial data for archaeologicalheritage. The aim of this work was to establish an approach for the use of CORONA satellite imagery for archaeologicalDEM reconstruction. The objectives of the reconstruction were conditioned for different reasons: in the case of Termezprior to the anthropic transformation of the site in the Soviet - Afghan War and in the case of Khatm Al Melaha prior to theurban, coastal and road transformation. The results have provided uneven data due to the characteristics of the existingimagery: mission, resolution, overlap, orography and different ground control point distribution. This methodology opens adoor to the reconstruction of archaeological landscapes that have suffered evident deterioration for different reasons bymeans of historical aerial imagery in the last 60 years, practically, in some cases, as a primary and unique source foranalysing this type of change from the past.

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