Artificial Intelligence in the Hospitality Sector

2021 ◽  
pp. 257-278
Author(s):  
Debdutta Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Robotics

Hospitality is one of the most important sectors of the economy and offers employment to thousands of people. The recent advances in technology has seen that quite a few of the players in this industry have successfully deployed artificial intelligence, machine learning, and robotics. This chapter delves into the details of such deployment in the various processes in this sector and discusses the short-term, medium-term, and long-term impact of these technologies on all the major stakeholders of this industry. The author also looks at the cost benefit analysis of this technologies and concludes that most players sooner, rather than later would be forced by competition to strongly adopt them. The chapter also briefly discusses the changing roles of human employees in this scenario.

scholarly journals Modelling of Traffic Flows and Supply Chains Based on Geospatial Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2068 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
A Kolesnikov ◽  
P Kikin ◽  
E Panidi
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Inventory Management ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Customer Interaction ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Systems

Abstract The field of logistics and transport operates with large amounts of data. The transformation of such arrays into knowledge and processing using machine learning methods will help to find additional reserves for optimizing transport and logistics processes and supply chains. This article analyses the possibilities and prospects for the application of machine learning and geospatial knowledge in the field of logistics and transport using specific examples. The long-term impact of geospatial-based artificial intelligence systems on such processes as procurement, delivery, inventory management, maintenance, customer interaction is considered.

scholarly journals Integrated drought risk assessment to support adaptive policy making in the Netherlands

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein Mens ◽  
Gigi van Rhee ◽  
Femke Schasfoort ◽  
Neeltje Kielen
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Adaptive Policy ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Support Decision Making

Abstract. Adaptive policy-making to prepare for current and future drought risks requires an integrated assessment of policy actions and combinations of those under changing conditions. This entails quantification of drought risks, integrating drought probability and socio-economic consequences for all relevant sectors that are potentially impacted by drought. The investment costs of proposed policy actions and strategies (various actions combined) can then be compared with the expected risk reduction to determine the cost-effectiveness. This paper presents a method to quantify drought risk in the Netherlands under changing future conditions and in response to policy actions. It illustrates how to use this information as part of a societal cost-benefit analysis and in building an adaptive long-term strategy. The method has been successfully applied to support decision making on the Netherlands’ national drought risk management strategy as part of the National Delta Program for climate change adaptation.

scholarly journals Cost–benefit analysis of a staff recreation centre project: build or lease? – A Case Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Monica Singhania
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Employee Morale ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Community Centre

This case study aims at comprehensively assessing a decision by XYZ Ltd (name withheld due to confidentiality), New Delhi, on whether to build or to lease a recreation centre for its rank-and-file employees. Based on a cost–benefit analysis, we concluded that the centre should be built since the company would recover its investment within 11 years. Apart from the financial considerations, the recreation centre could be considered a long-term investment in employee morale, as it would lead to a better quality of life for the staff and their families, and is likely to enhance their sense of belonging and improve productivity. To date, what little space there is available for hosting family functions is reserved for the use of the officers, and only officers and their families are invited to most company functions. Thus, the other employees feel neglected by the management. Hiring a community centre external to the organisation for a function would involve spending a lot of money as the company is located in a prime real estate area where the cost of land and rentals is huge, and sometimes even availability is an issue. Most of the staff cannot afford such places and are generally under a lot of stress whenever they have a family function. This, in turn, tends to affect their productivity. 

A Short Introduction to the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-42
Author(s):  
S. Matthew Liao
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Bad Data

This introduction outlines in section I.1 some of the key issues in the study of the ethics of artificial intelligence (AI) and proposes ways to take these discussions further. Section I.2 discusses key concepts in AI, machine learning, and deep learning. Section I.3 considers ethical issues that arise because current machine learning is data hungry; is vulnerable to bad data and bad algorithms; is a black box that has problems with interpretability, explainability, and trust; and lacks a moral sense. Section I.4 discusses ethical issues that arise because current machine learning systems may be working too well and human beings can be vulnerable in the presence of these intelligent systems. Section I.5 examines ethical issues arising out of the long-term impact of superintelligence such as how the values of a superintelligent AI can be aligned with human values. Section I.6 presents an overview of the essays in this volume.

scholarly journals Exploring the impact of Artificial Intelligence and robots on higher education through literature-based design fictions

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractArtificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics are likely to have a significant long-term impact on higher education (HE). The scope of this impact is hard to grasp partly because the literature is siloed, as well as the changing meaning of the concepts themselves. But developments are surrounded by controversies in terms of what is technically possible, what is practical to implement and what is desirable, pedagogically or for the good of society. Design fictions that vividly imagine future scenarios of AI or robotics in use offer a means both to explain and query the technological possibilities. The paper describes the use of a wide-ranging narrative literature review to develop eight such design fictions that capture the range of potential use of AI and robots in learning, administration and research. They prompt wider discussion by instantiating such issues as how they might enable teaching of high order skills or change staff roles, as well as exploring the impact on human agency and the nature of datafication.

Comparing Machine Learning Regression Techniques for Transmission-Related Storm Outages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlyn E. Clark ◽  
Bryony DuPont
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Regression Methods ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Regression Techniques ◽  
Local Weather

In this study, we characterize machine learning regression techniques for their ability to predict storm-related transmission outages based on local weather and transmission outage data. To test the machine learning regression techniques, we use data from the central Oregon Coast — which is particularly vulnerable to storm-related transmission outages — for a case study. We test multiple regression methods (linear and polynomial models with varying degrees) as well as support vector regression methods using linear, polynomial, and Radial-Basis-Function kernels. Results indicate relatively poor prediction capability by these methods, but this is attributed to the lack of outage data (characteristic of low-probability, high-risk events), and a cluster of data points representing momentary (<0 seconds) outages. More long-term outage data could lead to better characterization of the models, enabling others to quantify the frequency of storm-related transmission outages based on local weather data. Only by understanding the frequency of these occurrences can a cost-benefit analysis for potential transmission upgrades or generation sources be completed.

Discounting the Discount Rate: Ecocentrism and Environmental Economics

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Samuel Barkin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Goods ◽  
International Environmental Politics ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
The Cost

As a tool for making decisions about long-term environmental policy, environmental economics does not work on its own terms. It works well as a tool for analyzing environmental policy given clear, exogenously defined costs and benefits. As such, environmental economics can work well as a tool for analyzing policy in the short term. But many of the most salient issues in international environmental politics are salient specifically because they have a fundamental long-term component. Economic tools have trouble pricing environmental goods, and the farther the cost element of cost/benefit analysis is projected into the future, particularly through the analytical tool of the discount rate, the less reliable estimates are likely to be. At a certain point, the compounding of this decreasing reliability makes the cost estimates analytically counterproductive. As such, this paper concludes that fundamental decisions about the relationship between economic activity and the natural environment in the long term need to be informed by ecocentric rather than economic thinking.

scholarly journals The development of a collection of design fictions about Artificial Intelligence and robots in Higher Education

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Cox
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
High Order ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Potential Use

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotics are likely to have a significant long-term impact on Higher Education (HE). The scope of this impact is hard to grasp partly because the literature is siloed, as well as the changing meaning of the concepts themselves. But developments are surrounded by controversies in terms of what is technically possible, what is practical to implement and what is desirable, pedagogically or for the good of society. Design fictions that vividly imagine future scenarios of AI or robotics in use offer a means both to explain and query the technological possibilities. The paper describes the development of eight such design fictions that capture the range of potential use of AI and robots in learning, administration and research. They prompt wider discussion by instantiating such issues as how they might enable teaching of high order skills or change staff roles, as well as exploring the impact on human agency and the nature of datafication.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

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