Preserving Endangered Archives Through Open Access

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-117
Author(s):  
Nathan Mnjama
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Research Community ◽  
British Library ◽  
Corporate Memory ◽  
The World ◽  
Donor Agencies ◽  
Manuscript Collections ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Archives and manuscript collections, when well preserved, play a pivotal role in the preservation of corporate memory as well as the transmission of culture, building of national identity, and in providing valuable information sources on a variety of issues. However, in many parts of the world, the preservation and accessibility of archives and manuscripts, particularly those privately held, remains a neglected area requiring innovative ways to enhance their long-term preservation and accessibility. This chapter examines how endangered archival collections can be preserved through open access and digitization programmes funded locally or jointly with donor agencies. Specifically, the chapter examines the contribution made by the Endangered Archives Programme, a UK-based programme supported by Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin, to preserve endangered archives in Africa. The chapter shows that over the past 16 years, the Endangered Archives Programme has made a significant contribution in the preservation of endangered archives held privately and in public archival institutions. The chapter argues that the approach followed by the Endangered Archives Programme clearly demonstrates that collaborative effort in the preservation of endangered archives results in mutual benefits to the local communities as well the research community via the British Library. The chapter concludes by suggesting future directions that may be considered when undertaking similar copying projects.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation and transplantation of common carp spermatogonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Béla Urbányi ◽  
Michaela Fučíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Surrogate Production

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultured fish species over the world with many different breeds and plenty of published protocols for sperm cryopreservation, however, data regarding preservation of gonadal tissue and surrogate production is still missing. A protocol for freezing common carp spermatogonia was developed through varying different factors along a set of serial subsequent experiments. Among the six cryoprotectants tested, the best survival was achieved with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In the next experiment, a wide range of cooling rates (0.5–10 °C/min) and different concentrations of Me2SO were tested resulting in the highest survival using 2 M Me2SO and cooling rate of –1 Q59 A When testing different tissue sizes and incubation times in the cryomedium, the highest viability was observed when incubating 100 mg tissue fragments for 30 min. Finally, sugar supplementation did not yield significant differences. When testing different equilibration (ES) and vitrification solutions (VS) used for needle-immersed vitrification, no significant differences were observed between the tested groups. Additionally, varied exposure time to VS did not improve the vitrification outcome where the viability was 4-fold lower than that of freezing. The functionality of cryopreserved cells was tested by interspecific transplantation into sterilized goldfish recipients. The exogenous origin of the gonads in goldfish recipients was confirmed by molecular markers and incorporation rate was over 40% in both groups at 3 months post transplantation. Results of this study can serve as an alternative way for long-term preservation of germplasm in carp which can be recovered in a surrogate recipient.

scholarly journals Beyond the List: Bioagent-Agnostic Signatures Could Enable a More Flexible and Resilient Biodefense Posture Than an Approach Based on Priority Agent Lists Alone

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1497
Author(s):  
Owen P. Leiser ◽  
Errett C. Hobbs ◽  
Amy C. Sims ◽  
George W. Korch ◽  
Karen L. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Research Community ◽  
Interdisciplinary Teams ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biological Warfare ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Data Analytic ◽  
Current List ◽  
Great Harm

As of 2021, the biothreat policy and research communities organize their efforts around lists of priority agents, which elides consideration of novel pathogens and biotoxins. For example, the Select Agents and Toxins list is composed of agents that historic biological warfare programs had weaponized or that have previously caused great harm during natural outbreaks. Similarly, lists of priority agents promulgated by the World Health Organization and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases are composed of previously known pathogens and biotoxins. To fill this gap, we argue that the research/scientific and biodefense/biosecurity communities should categorize agents based on how they impact their hosts to augment current list-based paradigms. Specifically, we propose integrating the results of multi-omics studies to identify bioagent-agnostic signatures (BASs) of disease—namely, patterns of biomarkers that accurately and reproducibly predict the impacts of infection or intoxication without prior knowledge of the causative agent. Here, we highlight three pathways that investigators might exploit as sources of signals to construct BASs and their applicability to this framework. The research community will need to forge robust interdisciplinary teams to surmount substantial experimental, technical, and data analytic challenges that stand in the way of our long-term vision. However, if successful, our functionality-based BAS model could present a means to more effectively surveil for and treat known and novel agents alike.

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

43. Criminological engagements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Liebling ◽  
Fergus McNeill ◽  
Bethany E. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Iterative Process ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Practice Teaching ◽  
Teaching Learning

This chapter considers the relationships between criminology and the worlds of penal policy and practice. It focuses in particular on the day-to-day interactions the authors of the chapter forge in their research lives and on their ‘effects’ and failures as ‘engaged criminologists’. The chapter supports forms of criminological engagement that are subtle, long term and relational rather than occasional, mechanical, linear, or instrumental, and proposes that these forms of engagement improve understanding but require constant reflection and negotiation. This chapter argues that knowledge-generation is slow and cumulative; it takes time to ‘read a situation’ in complex human and social environments and it should be an iterative process with the research community and the world of practice teaching, learning from each other at every step of the way. Research participants welcome a ‘full’ research presence of the kind described in this chapter. For knowledge to ‘do good’, it needs to be (qualitatively) ‘good’ and should be produced through patient, honest, rigorous, and disciplined but also deeply engaged forms of enquiry. This chapter suggests that our institutional structures often fail to support this model of research.

scholarly journals Cultural Anthropology and the Infrastructure of Publishing

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy W. Elfenbein
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Open Access Publication ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The transition of Cultural Anthropology to an open-access publication required that the Society for Cultural Anthropology take on the publishing responsibilities formerly fulfilled by Wiley-Blackwell. This entailed the expanded use of already established infrastructures, the development of relationships with outside production vendors, registries, and archiving agencies, and designing for the long-term preservation of the journal’s documents. By taking on these responsibilities, the Society of Cultural Anthropology has itself become a publisher.

scholarly journals The Homogocene: a research prospectus for the study of biotic homogenisation

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Olden ◽  
Lise Comte ◽  
Xingli Giam
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Biotic Homogenisation ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In an era of global change, the process of biotic homogenisation by which regional biotas become more similar through time has attracted considerable attention from ecologists. Here, a retrospective look at the literature is taken and the question asked how comprehensive is the understanding of this global phenomenon? The goal is to identify potential areas for additional and future enquiries to advance this research frontier and best ensure the long-term preservation of biological diversity across the world. Six propositions are presented here to; (1) broaden our geographic and taxonomic understanding, (2) diversify the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, (3) reconcile past and embrace new approaches to quantification, (4) improve our knowledge of the underlying drivers, (5) reveal the conservation implications and (6) forecast future homogenisation. It is argued that significant progress in the understanding of the causes, consequences and conservation implication of biotic homogenisation will come by integrating concepts and approaches from ecology, evolution and conservation across a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales.

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 447-471
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

scholarly journals A Review on the Historical Development of Environmental Specimen Banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Specimen ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Monitoring Practice ◽  
Environmental Specimen Banks

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are facilities that archive samples from the environment for future researching and monitoring purposes. In addition, the long-term preservation of representative specimens is an important complement to environmental studies and monitoring practice. This article presented detailed information about ESBs in the world, and reviewed the history and current status of ESBs in China. Besides, crucialshould leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract.

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