scholarly journals A Review on the Historical Development of Environmental Specimen Banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Specimen ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Monitoring Practice ◽  
Environmental Specimen Banks

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are facilities that archive samples from the environment for future researching and monitoring purposes. In addition, the long-term preservation of representative specimens is an important complement to environmental studies and monitoring practice. This article presented detailed information about ESBs in the world, and reviewed the history and current status of ESBs in China. Besides, crucialshould leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract.

Long-term natural and human perturbations and current status of Clipperton Atoll, a remote island of the Eastern Pacific

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian H. Jost ◽  
Serge Andréfouët
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Eastern Pacific ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Tropical Eastern Pacific ◽  
Remote Island ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Human Perturbations ◽  
History Of

Clipperton Atoll is one of the most isolated tropical island in the world and the only atoll of the eastern Pacific. Its outer slopes also make the largest coral reef of this region. Clipperton is a remarkable site for the geochemistry of its closed eutrophic stratified lagoon, the influence of both tropical eastern Pacific and Oceania gene pool on coral reef communities, the low diversity of the marine and land fauna, and for the equilibrium of its land ecosystem. The three components of the Clipperton Atoll seascape (coral reef-lagoon-land) all appear to have remarkable properties and history. All components experienced important changes in the last century due to anthropogenic (importation of exogenous species) or natural perturbations (closing of passes, coral bleaching). Here, we review the history of these three systems (land-lagoon-coral reef) and provide new insights of the current status of the atoll based on recent surveys and high resolution IKONOS satellite imagery. Most dramatic changes occurring in the last decades include explosion in crab Gecarcinus planatus population, almost-complete desertification of the island and increase in Masked Boobies Sula dactylatra population, making Clipperton Atoll one of the most important sites for this specie in the world. This review intends to provide a sound basis to discuss the future of Clipperton balanced between conservation and development priorities, and to raise awareness on the future of a delicate ecosystem.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation and transplantation of common carp spermatogonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Béla Urbányi ◽  
Michaela Fučíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Surrogate Production

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultured fish species over the world with many different breeds and plenty of published protocols for sperm cryopreservation, however, data regarding preservation of gonadal tissue and surrogate production is still missing. A protocol for freezing common carp spermatogonia was developed through varying different factors along a set of serial subsequent experiments. Among the six cryoprotectants tested, the best survival was achieved with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In the next experiment, a wide range of cooling rates (0.5–10 °C/min) and different concentrations of Me2SO were tested resulting in the highest survival using 2 M Me2SO and cooling rate of –1 Q59 A When testing different tissue sizes and incubation times in the cryomedium, the highest viability was observed when incubating 100 mg tissue fragments for 30 min. Finally, sugar supplementation did not yield significant differences. When testing different equilibration (ES) and vitrification solutions (VS) used for needle-immersed vitrification, no significant differences were observed between the tested groups. Additionally, varied exposure time to VS did not improve the vitrification outcome where the viability was 4-fold lower than that of freezing. The functionality of cryopreserved cells was tested by interspecific transplantation into sterilized goldfish recipients. The exogenous origin of the gonads in goldfish recipients was confirmed by molecular markers and incorporation rate was over 40% in both groups at 3 months post transplantation. Results of this study can serve as an alternative way for long-term preservation of germplasm in carp which can be recovered in a surrogate recipient.

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

Raiders of the Lost Code: Preserving the MOSS Codebase - Significance, Status, Challenges and Opportunities 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Löwe ◽  
Māris Nartišs ◽  
Carl N Reed
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Open Source Gis ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
The U.S

<p>We report on the current status of the software repository of the Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS) and upcoming actions to ensure long term preservation of the codebase as a historic geospatial source. MOSS is the earliest known open source Geographic Information System (GIS). Active development of the vector-based interactive GIS by the U.S. Department of Interior began in 1977 on a CDC mainframe computer located at Colorado State University. Development continued until 1985 with MOSS being ported to multiple platforms, including DG-AOS, UNIX, VMS and Microsoft DOS. Many geospatial programming techniques and functionalities were first implemented in MOSS, including a fully interactive user interface and integrated vector and raster processing. The public availability of the WWW in the early 1990s sparked a growth of new Open Source GIS projects, which led to the formation of the Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo). The goal of OSGeo is to support and promote the collaborative development of open geospatial technologies and data. This includes best practices for project management and repositories for codebases. From its start, OSGeo recognised MOSS as the original forerunner project. After the decline of active use of MOSS since the 1990s, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) continued to provide the open source MOSS codebase on an FTP-Server, which allowed use, analysis and reference by URL. This service was discontinued at some point before 2018, which was eventually discovered due to a broken URL link. This led to a global search and rescue effort among the OSGeo communities to track down remaining offline copies of the codebase. In mid 2020 a surviving copy of the MOSS codebase was discovered at the University of Latvia, which is temporarily preserved at the German Institute of Economic Research (DIW Berlin). OSGeo has agreed to make MOSS the first OSGeo Heritage Project to ensure long term preservation in a OSGeo code repository. This is a significant first step to enable MOSS-related research based on the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) paradigm. Follow up actions will be required to enable scientific citation and credit by persistent identifiers for code and persons, such as Digital Object Identifiers (DOI) and Open Researcher Contributor Identification Initiative-ID (ORCID-ID) within the OSGeo repository environment. This will advance the OSGeo portfolio of best practices also for other open geospatial projects.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals The Homogocene: a research prospectus for the study of biotic homogenisation

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Olden ◽  
Lise Comte ◽  
Xingli Giam
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Biotic Homogenisation ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In an era of global change, the process of biotic homogenisation by which regional biotas become more similar through time has attracted considerable attention from ecologists. Here, a retrospective look at the literature is taken and the question asked how comprehensive is the understanding of this global phenomenon? The goal is to identify potential areas for additional and future enquiries to advance this research frontier and best ensure the long-term preservation of biological diversity across the world. Six propositions are presented here to; (1) broaden our geographic and taxonomic understanding, (2) diversify the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, (3) reconcile past and embrace new approaches to quantification, (4) improve our knowledge of the underlying drivers, (5) reveal the conservation implications and (6) forecast future homogenisation. It is argued that significant progress in the understanding of the causes, consequences and conservation implication of biotic homogenisation will come by integrating concepts and approaches from ecology, evolution and conservation across a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales.

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 447-471
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

scholarly journals Percutaneous Transluminal Mitral Commisuriotomy for Mitral Stenosis in Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Chandra Mani Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Stenosis ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
National Heart ◽  
Cardiac Centre ◽  
Percutaneous Transvenous Mitral Commissurotomy ◽  
Mitral Commissurotomy ◽  
Percutaneous Transluminal

Mitral stenosis (MS) is almost invariably the result of long term complication of rheumatic fever. Based upon the nature and severity of MS, patients can be managed with medical treatment, percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC) or surgery. PTMC is proven to be simple, effective and safe; it is considered as treatment of choice in the management of MS. In Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, PTMC service started in 2001. First PTMC in the centre was done on 14th April 2001. Till June2016, 6023 PTMCs were done in the centre. Multiple studies evaluated the safety and efficacy of PTMC in different groups of patients. These studies clearly demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of PTMC in our centre. This article summarizes the historical development, current status and future perspectives of PTMC procedure at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre, a teritary care cardiac centre in Nepal.Nepalese Heart Journal 2016; 13(2): 15-17

Paleoecological and stratigraphic controls on eurypterid Lagerstätten: a model for preservation in the mid-Paleozoic

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Vrazo ◽  
Carlton E. Brett ◽  
Samuel J. Ciurca
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

AbstractRecent studies of eurypterid paleoecology suggest that formation of eurypterid Lagerstätten in the mid-Paleozoic of Laurentia was controlled by the presence of an ecological–taphonomic window that recurred predictably in nearshore, marginal environments during transgressions. We tested this hypothesis by performing a high-resolution taxonomic, environmental, and stratigraphic survey and quantitative analysis of all Silurian–Lower Devonian eurypterid-bearing intervals in the Appalachian basin, the most prolific region for eurypterid remains in the world. Canonical correspondence analysis of sedimentological and faunal associations revealed a strong lithologic gradient between groupings of eurypterid genera and associated taxa across the basin, and a significant association of eurypterids with microbialites (thrombolites, stromatolites) and evaporitic structures. Field observations confirmed that, stratigraphically, eurypterids in the basin frequently occur above the microbialite structures and beneath evaporites and other indicators of increased salinity or subaerial exposure. Following interpretation of these features within a sequence stratigraphic framework, we present a preservational model in which (1) eurypterids inhabited nearshore settings following freshening conditions concomitant with minor transgressions, (2) their remains were subsequently buried by storms or microbialite sediment baffling, and (3) subsequent long-term preservation of tissues was facilitated by regression and cyclical shallowing-up successions that promoted hypersalinity and anoxia. In the central and southern region of the basin, where microbial structures and evidence for hypersalinity are less common, a similar pattern of cyclical shallowing-upward deposition within eurypterid-bearing units holds. Thus, eurypterid preservation appears to reflect a combination of ecological preferences and abiotic conditions that promoted inhabitation and eventual preservation within the same setting. This study provides the first quantitative support for a sea level–based control on preservation of eurypterids and adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests that analysis of exceptional preservation in the fossil record benefits from interpretation within a sequence stratigraphic framework.

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