scholarly journals Cryopreservation and transplantation of common carp spermatogonia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Franěk ◽  
Zoran Marinović ◽  
Jelena Lujić ◽  
Béla Urbányi ◽  
Michaela Fučíková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultured Fish ◽  
The World ◽  
Exogenous Origin ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Surrogate Production

AbstractCommon carp (Cyprinus carpio) is one of the most cultured fish species over the world with many different breeds and plenty of published protocols for sperm cryopreservation, however, data regarding preservation of gonadal tissue and surrogate production is still missing. A protocol for freezing common carp spermatogonia was developed through varying different factors along a set of serial subsequent experiments. Among the six cryoprotectants tested, the best survival was achieved with dimethyl sulfoxide (Me2SO). In the next experiment, a wide range of cooling rates (0.5–10 °C/min) and different concentrations of Me2SO were tested resulting in the highest survival using 2 M Me2SO and cooling rate of –1 Q59 A When testing different tissue sizes and incubation times in the cryomedium, the highest viability was observed when incubating 100 mg tissue fragments for 30 min. Finally, sugar supplementation did not yield significant differences. When testing different equilibration (ES) and vitrification solutions (VS) used for needle-immersed vitrification, no significant differences were observed between the tested groups. Additionally, varied exposure time to VS did not improve the vitrification outcome where the viability was 4-fold lower than that of freezing. The functionality of cryopreserved cells was tested by interspecific transplantation into sterilized goldfish recipients. The exogenous origin of the gonads in goldfish recipients was confirmed by molecular markers and incorporation rate was over 40% in both groups at 3 months post transplantation. Results of this study can serve as an alternative way for long-term preservation of germplasm in carp which can be recovered in a surrogate recipient.

scholarly journals Clinical case of acute hepatitis caused by parvovirus B 19

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-158
Author(s):  
K. V. Sobolevskiy ◽  
I. A. Otmakhova ◽  
B. Ya. Gadirova ◽  
Zh. E. Zueva
Keyword(s):  
Acute Hepatitis ◽  
Parvovirus B19 ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Parvovirus B19 Infection ◽  
Parvovirus B 19

Parvovirus infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. Parvovirus В19 can cause a wide range of clinical manifestations with possible long-term viral persistence. Infectious erythema, arthropathy, fetal infection, and blood cell aplasia are the most common manifestations of parvovirus infection. A case of diagnosis and treatment of a rare variant of parvovirus B19 infection that occurred as acute hepatitis is presented. 

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 150-174
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

scholarly journals Beyond the vigilant state: globalisation and intelligence

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 889-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD J. ALDRICH
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Globalising World ◽  
New Terrorism

AbstractThe world of intelligence has grown exponentially over the last decade. This article suggests that prevailing explanation of this expansion – the spectre of ‘new terrorism’ – reflects serious misunderstandings. Much of the emergency legislation which has extended the power of the state so remarkably was already sitting in the pending trays of officials in the late 1990s. Instead, the rise of both the ‘new terrorism’ and its supposed nemesis – the secret state – both owe more to long-term structural factors. Globalisation has accelerated a wide range of sub-military transnational threats, of which the ‘new terrorism’ is but one example. Meanwhile the long-promised engines of global governance are nowhere in sight. In their absence, the underside of a globalising world is increasingly policed by ‘vigilant states’ that resort to a mixture of military power and intelligence power in an attempt to address these problems. Yet the intelligence services cannot meet the improbable demands for omniscience made by governments, nor can they square their new enforcer role with vocal demands by global civil society for improved ethical practice.

scholarly journals The Homogocene: a research prospectus for the study of biotic homogenisation

NeoBiota ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian D. Olden ◽  
Lise Comte ◽  
Xingli Giam
Keyword(s):  
Global Change ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
The World ◽  
Biotic Homogenisation ◽  
Long Term Preservation

In an era of global change, the process of biotic homogenisation by which regional biotas become more similar through time has attracted considerable attention from ecologists. Here, a retrospective look at the literature is taken and the question asked how comprehensive is the understanding of this global phenomenon? The goal is to identify potential areas for additional and future enquiries to advance this research frontier and best ensure the long-term preservation of biological diversity across the world. Six propositions are presented here to; (1) broaden our geographic and taxonomic understanding, (2) diversify the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, (3) reconcile past and embrace new approaches to quantification, (4) improve our knowledge of the underlying drivers, (5) reveal the conservation implications and (6) forecast future homogenisation. It is argued that significant progress in the understanding of the causes, consequences and conservation implication of biotic homogenisation will come by integrating concepts and approaches from ecology, evolution and conservation across a hierarchy of spatial and temporal scales.

Preservation and Access to Digital Materials

2018 ◽  
pp. 447-471
Author(s):  
Trywell Kalusopa
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Learning Curve ◽  
Policy Options ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Collaborative Strategies ◽  
The World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

As the digital world unfolds, Africa continues to grapple with the issues of preservation and access of digital materials. This chapter demonstrates through a systematic literature review how Africa could learn from other efforts in the world to develop and guide their own strategic and policy options to deal with issues of preservation and access of digital materials. The chapter reviews literature on global or universal collaborative strategies and efforts on digital preservation initiated in the developed world as a learning curve for Africa. The current challenges of national and institutional capacities regarding the preservation of digital materials in selected African countries that have made some visible efforts and impact are also discussed. The chapter then makes several recommendations on the strategic and policy options for improving the state of material preservation, human and material requirements in order to improve the long-term preservation, and standards for the longer-term usability and interoperability of digital materials in Africa.

scholarly journals A Review on the Historical Development of Environmental Specimen Banks

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Yu Xin Luo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Environmental Studies ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Environmental Specimen ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation ◽  
Monitoring Practice ◽  
Environmental Specimen Banks

Environmental Specimen Banks (ESBs) are facilities that archive samples from the environment for future researching and monitoring purposes. In addition, the long-term preservation of representative specimens is an important complement to environmental studies and monitoring practice. This article presented detailed information about ESBs in the world, and reviewed the history and current status of ESBs in China. Besides, crucialshould leave 8 mm of space above the abstract and 10 mm after the abstract.

Paleoecological and stratigraphic controls on eurypterid Lagerstätten: a model for preservation in the mid-Paleozoic

Paleobiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew B. Vrazo ◽  
Carlton E. Brett ◽  
Samuel J. Ciurca
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Abiotic Conditions ◽  
Sequence Stratigraphic ◽  
Exceptional Preservation ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Subaerial Exposure ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

AbstractRecent studies of eurypterid paleoecology suggest that formation of eurypterid Lagerstätten in the mid-Paleozoic of Laurentia was controlled by the presence of an ecological–taphonomic window that recurred predictably in nearshore, marginal environments during transgressions. We tested this hypothesis by performing a high-resolution taxonomic, environmental, and stratigraphic survey and quantitative analysis of all Silurian–Lower Devonian eurypterid-bearing intervals in the Appalachian basin, the most prolific region for eurypterid remains in the world. Canonical correspondence analysis of sedimentological and faunal associations revealed a strong lithologic gradient between groupings of eurypterid genera and associated taxa across the basin, and a significant association of eurypterids with microbialites (thrombolites, stromatolites) and evaporitic structures. Field observations confirmed that, stratigraphically, eurypterids in the basin frequently occur above the microbialite structures and beneath evaporites and other indicators of increased salinity or subaerial exposure. Following interpretation of these features within a sequence stratigraphic framework, we present a preservational model in which (1) eurypterids inhabited nearshore settings following freshening conditions concomitant with minor transgressions, (2) their remains were subsequently buried by storms or microbialite sediment baffling, and (3) subsequent long-term preservation of tissues was facilitated by regression and cyclical shallowing-up successions that promoted hypersalinity and anoxia. In the central and southern region of the basin, where microbial structures and evidence for hypersalinity are less common, a similar pattern of cyclical shallowing-upward deposition within eurypterid-bearing units holds. Thus, eurypterid preservation appears to reflect a combination of ecological preferences and abiotic conditions that promoted inhabitation and eventual preservation within the same setting. This study provides the first quantitative support for a sea level–based control on preservation of eurypterids and adds to the growing body of evidence that suggests that analysis of exceptional preservation in the fossil record benefits from interpretation within a sequence stratigraphic framework.

scholarly journals Polycarbonate Masters for Soft Lithography

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Filippo Amadeo ◽  
Prithviraj Mukherjee ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Ian Papautsky
Keyword(s):  
Soft Lithography ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Rectangular Channels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Term Preservation

Fabrication of microfluidic devices by soft lithography is by far the most popular approach due to its simplicity and low cost. The approach relies on casting of elastomers, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), on masters fabricated from photoresists on silicon substrates. These masters, however, can be expensive, complicated to fabricate, and fragile. Here we describe an optimized replica molding approach to preserve the original masters by heat molding of polycarbonate (PC) sheets on PDMS molds. The process is faster and simpler than previously reported methods and does not result in a loss of resolution or aspect ratio for the features. The generated PC masters were used to successfully replicate a wide range of microfluidic devices, including rectangular channels with aspect ratios from 0.025 to 7.3, large area spiral channels, and micropost arrays with 5 µm spacing. Moreover, fabrication of rounded features, such as semi-spherical microwells, was possible and easy. Quantitative analysis of the replicated features showed variability of <2%. The approach is low cost, does not require cleanroom setting or hazardous chemicals, and is rapid and simple. The fabricated masters are rigid and survive numerous replication cycles. Moreover, damaged or missing masters can be easily replaced by reproduction from previously cast PDMS replicas. All of these advantages make the PC masters highly desirable for long-term preservation of soft lithography masters for microfluidic devices.

scholarly journals Piql. Long-term preservation technology study

Archeion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jędrzej Sabliński ◽  
Alfredo Trujillo
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Technology Study ◽  
Preservation Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Permanent Storage ◽  
End Of The World ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The purpose of the analysis is to demonstrate the effectiveness of Piql technology data storage for long-term preservation. This technology has been confirmed by certified laboratory tests. The article presents a unique and effective technology for perpetual storage of data on physical media and a detailed description of data recording methods, including the equipment needed for this process. It also presents the conditions of packaging, storage, transport and protection of piqlFilm media, based on the experience of durability of this medium over the past several decades. The idea behind the creation of this technology, in addition to permanent storage, is the ability to read the stored data in the distant future. The data is stored in an open format, allowing read access without temporal or technological limitations. Piql has also, taking advantage of the unique geo-climatic conditions on the Arctic island of Svalbard, established a specialized archive called the Arctic World Archive or the End of the World Library, to store the most valuable data of international institutions and companies as well as the world’s cultural heritage. Piql. Studium technologii długotrwałej ochrony Celem analizy jest przedstawienie skuteczności zapisu danych w technologii Piql, w celu ich długoterminowej ochrony. Technologia ta została potwierdzona certyfikowanymi badaniami laboratoryjnymi. W artykule została zaprezentowana unikalna i skuteczna technologia wieczystego przechowywania danych na nośniku fizycznym oraz szczegółowy opis metod zapisu danych, wraz z urządzeniami potrzebnymi do tego procesu. Przedstawiono także warunki pakowania, magazynowania, transportu i zabezpieczenia nośnika piqlFilm, bazując na doświadczeniach trwałości tego nośnika z ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat. Ideą przyświecającą stworzeniu tej technologii, oprócz trwałego przechowania, jest możliwość odczytu zapisanych danych w odległej przyszłości. Dane są przechowywane w formacie otwartym, umożliwiającym dostęp do odczytu bez ograniczeń czasowych i technologicznych. Piql stworzył również specjalistyczne archiwum, wykorzystujące unikalne warunki geo-klimatyczne na arktycznej wyspie Svalbard, nazwane Światowym Archiwum Arktycznym (Arctic World Archive) lub Biblioteką Końca Świata (End of the World Library), w celu przechowania najcenniejszych danych międzynarodowych instytucji i firm oraz światowego dziedzictwa kulturowego.

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