Farm Security for Food Security

2021 ◽  
pp. 972-991
Author(s):  
Wendy-Ann Isaac ◽  
Wayne Ganpat ◽  
Michael Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Main Factors

Agricultural production in the Caribbean is being threatened by many factors such as decreasing availability of arable land, climate change effects such as increased incidences of flooding and drought, labour shortages, and competition from importers. However, one of the most important threats to agricultural production is the often under-recognised and under-reported area of farm theft (referred to as praedial larceny in the Caribbean). It involves the theft of agricultural produce (crops, livestock and fisheries) and farm equipment. One of the main reasons why this threat is so important is that theft of this type is very hard to prove. If indeed perpetrators are caught, and prosecuted successfully, the penalty is practically negligible. This paper examines the current status of farm theft in the Caribbean region, explores some of the main factors influencing farm theft, reviews some of the strategies attempted in the Caribbean and other places around the world and makes several suggestions to create a more secure food region. While the discussion calls on food producers to take several best practice actions to mitigate losses to praedial larceny, it emphasises that the primary responsibility is with government-led actions in the areas of modernised policies, updated laws and enhanced enforcement efforts.

Farm Security for Food Security

2016 ◽  
pp. 300-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy-Ann Isaac ◽  
Wayne Ganpat ◽  
Michael Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Primary Responsibility ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Main Factors

Agricultural production in the Caribbean is being threatened by many factors such as decreasing availability of arable land, climate change effects such as increased incidences of flooding and drought, labour shortages, and competition from importers. However, one of the most important threats to agricultural production is the often under-recognised and under-reported area of farm theft (referred to as praedial larceny in the Caribbean). It involves the theft of agricultural produce (crops, livestock and fisheries) and farm equipment. One of the main reasons why this threat is so important is that theft of this type is very hard to prove. If indeed perpetrators are caught, and prosecuted successfully, the penalty is practically negligible. This paper examines the current status of farm theft in the Caribbean region, explores some of the main factors influencing farm theft, reviews some of the strategies attempted in the Caribbean and other places around the world and makes several suggestions to create a more secure food region. While the discussion calls on food producers to take several best practice actions to mitigate losses to praedial larceny, it emphasises that the primary responsibility is with government-led actions in the areas of modernised policies, updated laws and enhanced enforcement efforts.

Post-Collective Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ho ◽  
Francesco Zaratin
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Agricultural Prices ◽  
Rural Industrialization ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Daunting Challenge

Since the start of the economic reforms in 1978, China has developed today into one of the world’s leading producers of agricultural produce—particularly pork, poultry, fruits, vegetables, wheat, corn, and rice. The transition of China’s collectivist Soviet-style agricultural production toward a modernized, mechanized, and market-based agriculture has taken many decades to take effect. A major breakthrough that marked the start of China’s agricultural transition was the nationwide adoption of the Household Contract Responsibility System in the mid-1980s. In addition to these managerial and structural changes, the Chinese government engaged in the liberalization of agricultural prices and supply and marketing systems, as well as the stimulation of agricultural diversification, mechanization, and economies of scale. As agriculture continued to develop, millions of farmers were lifted out of poverty and migrated to the cities to find employment in the industries and services. At the same time, however, China encountered significant problems as a result. For one, how to ensure food security and feed close to one-fifth of the earth’s population with less than one-tenth of its farmland? On top of that, over time vast tracts of fertile, arable land were lost due to its (legal and illegal) conversion into urban construction land. Raising agricultural production was also severely constrained by the small and fragmented nature of Chinese farms. Well into the 2010s, over 90 percent of these were smaller than 2.5 acres, while cropland was scattered over numerous different plots. Furthermore, ensuring adequate social welfare, education, and health care for the rural populace had become a daunting challenge in the face of the growing divide between urban citizens and the peasant population. Last but not least, rapid rural industrialization through township and village enterprises (TVEs), once hailed as a miracle of China’s reforms, had taken a heavy toll in the form of soil, air, and water pollution, giving rise to “cancer villages”, “black rivers,” and heavily degraded natural resources. At the time of this writing, Chinese agriculture is caught in between two worlds: on the one hand, one may find smallholders tilling scattered agricultural plots, on the other hand, there are high-tech food-processing factories and the peri-urban, sometimes ecologically guided industrial farms. The stark contrast between a highly modernized sector versus a traditional one will continue to explain the paradoxical dynamics of Chinese post-collective agriculture for the foreseeable future.

Climate change effects in El Yunque National Forest, Puerto Rico, and the Caribbean region

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Nicole Jennings ◽  
Jamison Douglas ◽  
Emrys Treasure ◽  
Grizelle González
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Farmers' Perception on the influence of Inter-communal Conflicts on Agricultural Production in Shaare/Tsaragi Communities, Kwara State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Issa Zubair Busari ◽  
Felix Olayinka Oladipo ◽  
Abdulrasaq Kamal Daudu ◽  
Olawale Samson Selesi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Personal Property ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Continuum Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Schedule Technique

Rural communities which produce the bulk of agricultural produce in Nigeria have been plagued by several inter communal conflicts. One of such conflicts is Share /Tsaragi inter-communal conflicts. The objective of the study was to assess perceptions of farmers on the influence of inter-communal conflicts on the agricultural production in Share and Tsaragi communities in Edu and Ifelodun Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methododology. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents for the study.  Data were collected through the use of interview schedule technique. A likert-type five point continuum scale was used to rank farmers perceptions with five (5) as the most and one (1) as the worst check. Results The results showed that 68% of the respondents were above forty (40) years of age and 70% have resided in the communities for more than ten (10) years. Respondents perceived that conflict of resource which bordered on boundary issue, claim of ownership of fertile land at Fejewe area, conversion of leased land to personal property among others are causes of the conflicts within the two communities. The results equally revealed the perceptions of respondents on the effects of conflicts in the area to include scarcity of arable land, displacement of farmers, destruction of lands and crops, scarcity of food and destruction of stored produce among others. The study showed relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics and perception. Conclusion. The study concludes that there should be clear delineation of the boundary within the two communities, lift of ban on some arable lands seized by the government and promotion of other secondary occupation to relieve pressure on the land.

scholarly journals Features of radioactive contamination of agroecosystems of Ukrainian Polissya in the remote period after the accident on Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
M. Didukh ◽  
V. Slavov
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Main Factors

The assessment materials of pollution features of agro-ecosystems of Ukrainian Polissya in the remote period after the accident are described in the article. It is shown that the main factors of influence on the flow of 137Cs from soil of contaminated agricultural land during a distant period do not differ from the previous period factors. It was found that current levels of 137Cs specific activity in soils of agrocenosis almost two and more times less than in the natural plant phytocenosis. The depth of massive infiltration of 137Cs in soils of arable land is much greater than in virgin soils, and almost completely determined by the process of root transfer and working capacity of the reservoir, which varies in the area of research from 10 cm to 30 cm. Despite the significant pollution of soil, the level of contamination of agricultural production is relatively low and does not exceed the permissible levels of radionuclides (DR-2006). Thus the highest rate of 137Cs transfer is noticed from soil to products of natural lands (0.06–0.66) and depends n the season and type of land.

African Caribbean Residents of Edinburgh in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Williams
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
African Caribbean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

Scotland is gradually coming to terms with its involvement in slavery and colonialism as part of the British Empire. This article places the spotlight on the lives of African Caribbean people who were residents of Edinburgh during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. I discuss their varied experiences and contributions: from runaways and men fighting for their freedom in the Scottish courts to women working as servants in city households or marrying into Edinburgh high society. The nineteenth century saw activism among political radicals from abolitionists to anticolonialists; some of these figures studied and taught at Edinburgh University. Their stories reflect the Scottish capital’s many direct connections with the Caribbean region.

Biodiesel production and use for agricultural production in the mekong delta: current status and potential

2016 ◽  
Vol Renewable Energy ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Tin, N.H. ◽  
Hue, B.T.B. ◽  
Thuy, T.L.K. ◽  
Phuong, T.L. ◽  
Duyen, C.M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Current Status

Nonmuscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: What's Changing and What has Changed

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramanitharan Manikandan ◽  
Oscar Rodriguez ◽  
Rubén Parada ◽  
Joan Palou Redorta
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

Purpose Nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a challenging disease to manage primarily due to its varied clinical course. The management of NMIBC has witnessed a widespread change with respect to its diagnosis and treatment. Although transurethral resection (TUR) and adjuvant bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG) stills remain the cornerstone, newer protocols has come into vogue to achieve optimal care. On the basis of a literature review, we aimed to establish ‘what changes has already occurred and what is expected in the future’ in NMIBC. Methods A Medline search was performed to identify the published literature with respect to diagnosis, treatment and future perspectives on NMIBC. Particular emphasis was directed to determinants such as the quality of TUR and the newer modifications, Re-TUR, current status of newer macroscopic and microscopic imaging, role of urinary biomarkers, clinical, histologic and molecular predictors of high-risk disease, administration of intravesical agents, salvage therapy in BCG recurrence and the current best practice guidelines were analyzed. Results and Conclusions Optimal TUR, restaging in select group, incorporation of newer endoscopic imaging and judicious administration of intravesical chemo-immunotherapeutic agents can contribute to better patient care. Although there is a plethora of urinary markers, there is insufficient evidence for their use in isolation. The future probably lies in identification of genetic markers to determine disease recurrence, nonresponders to standard treatment and early institution of alternative/targeted therapy.

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