How Language Use “Translates” Women

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-85
Author(s):  
Roxana Ciolăneanu
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Implicit Stereotyping ◽  
The Way

The chapter focuses on how language use mirrors the way people think and act. An interdisciplinary perspective will be used in the attempt to cross-fertilize insights form critical discourse approach and cognitive linguistics that will hopefully contribute to a better understanding of how the language employed conveys stereotyped ideas and metaphors that pervade (many times unconsciously) people's way of talking. Proverbs, taken as language samples potentially revelatory of some cognitive bases of the way people have been thinking and talking about women throughout time, will be analyzed. The idea that gender is socially and discursively constructed will be thus reinforced. Implicit stereotyping, a concept borrowed from social psychology, will be employed to demonstrate that unconscious exposure to stereotyped knowledge influences people's judgements and relations with other social categories. It will be equated to what is called cognitive metaphor in cognitive linguistics and ideology in critical discourse studies.

Argumentative dynamics in representations of migrants and refugees: Evidence from the Italian press during the ‘refugee crisis’

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-581
Author(s):  
Dimitris Serafis ◽  
Carlo Raimondo ◽  
Stavros Assimakopoulos ◽  
Sara Greco ◽  
Andrea Rocci
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Discursive Representations ◽  
The Way

The present paper analyses discursive representations and standpoint-arguments pairs, realized in articles of four mainstream Italian newspapers that report on migrants’ and refugees’ mobilization at the perceived peak of the so-called ‘refugee crisis’ (2015–2017). We draw on the scholarly agenda of Critical Discourse Studies, employing tools from corpus linguistic perspectives, which allow us to generalize over the way in which the relevant minorities are represented in our corpus. Then, focusing on a smaller sample of negative representations, we outline a methodological synthesis in order to scrutinize instances of representational meaning in newspapers articles and trace what is argumentatively inferred in discursive representations. To that end we exploit tools from systemic functional and cognitive linguistics as well as the Argumentum Model of Topics (AMT) for the analysis of inference. In this sense, we demonstrate how discriminatory representations do not only portray migrants and refugees in a negative light but also justify discrimination through the argumentative dynamic they develop.

Subtle discriminatory political discourse on immigration

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 894-915
Author(s):  
Gema Rubio-Carbonero
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Political Sociology ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies

Abstract Overt constructions of discrimination in political discourse towards immigrants are easy to detect and have been traditionally associated with far-right parties. However, mainstream political discourse on immigration delivered by so-called center or center-left parties has transformed into more subtle forms of discursive discrimination, which might not be obvious and need a closer analysis in order to be spotted in discourse. Overt discriminatory discourse has been studied by disciplines, such as political sociology, social psychology and Critical Discourse Studies, but subtle discriminatory constructions have been rather neglected. By combining these three disciplines, we propose here a multidisciplinary and multitheorical framework to systematically analyze subtle discriminatory political discourse on immigration. It aims at contributing to the development of a methodology for a socio-political analysis that allows to detect subtle discriminatory political discourse on immigration. Such framework is composed by four strategies with different degrees of subtleness: highlighting, diminishing, homogenizing and normalizing.

Language use difference and social group differentiation: Immigrants’ negotiation of an imposed category of lau in bilingual Guangzhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-313
Author(s):  
Jing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Language Use ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
Boundary Making ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Identity Category

AbstractThis study is situated in a bilingual community of Guangzhou where the local speech Cantonese used to have comparable power to the Chinese common language Putonghua regarding the range of domains, but recently a local concern has emerged over the declining status of Cantonese in association with the large number of immigrants and the vigorous implementation of the state language policy of Putonghua Promotion. This concern has been demonstrated in Guangzhou locals’ boundary-making practices and the categorization of immigrants in relation to language practices. This study aims to investigate the ways in which immigrants take up stances (Du Bois 2007; Alexandra, Jaffe. (ed.). 2009.Stance: Sociolinguistic Perspectives. Oxford: Oxford University Press.) to negotiate their identities in response to an imposed category oflau. Immigrants’ narratives of and comments on language use in their interactions with natives are analysed, at both semantic and formal levels, from a perspective of Critical Discourse Studies (e.g. Martin, Reisigl & Ruth Wodak. 2015. In Ruth Wodak & Michael Meyer (eds.).Methods of critical discourse studies, 3rd edn. 23–61. London: Sage, Fairclough, Norman. 2015.Language and power3rd edn. London: Routledge.). As the analysis shows, immigrants negotiate the imposed identity category through coming to terms with the underlying language beliefs, negatively evaluating the social actors who categorize them, recontextualising the category, and combining Putonghua and Cantonese in one language unit to indicate the symbolic oppositions between social groups and languages.

Conceptual blending and (im)politeness in political cartooning

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Abdel-Raheem
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Political Cartoons ◽  
Conceptual Blending ◽  
Multimodal Discourse ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Political Cartooning ◽  
Context Models

Abstract This paper is meant to give an account of multimodal (im)politeness in political cartoons, drawing primarily on critical discourse studies (CDS) (in particular, Teun van Dijk’s notion of “context models” and Paul Chilton’s concept of “critical discourse moments”), blending theory (Fauconnier and Turner 2002), and speech act theory (especially Geoffrey Leech’s most recent revisions of Penelope Brown and Stephen C. Levinson’s notions of negative and positive face). There is of course an abundant literature on blending theory, but the potential of this theory for analysing face-enhancing or face-threatening multimodal discourse has not been fully realised. It is shown that political cartoons can exemplify not only face attack but also face enhancement, and that blending theory can contribute to the comprehending and critique of sociopolitical action or linguistic and nonlinguistic forms of control that may operate in the world. The article thus demonstrates the value that results from merging critical cognitive linguistics and sociopragmatics.

KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS TERHADAP ACARA KOMEDI SENTILAN SENTILUN

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Rebecca Evelyn Laiya
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Legal Understanding ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this research is to gain an overview and understanding of the ideology contained in the text of the discourse structure dialogue comedy show of Sentilun Sen-tilun. The method used is the method of Critical Discourse Analysis Norman Fairclough models are limited to the description (text analysis). The findings of this critical discourse studies indicated that there is a positive response from the public however it is loaded with scathing criticism that occurred in political situation in Indonesia and may affect people of Indonesia through positive ideology that is the desire to improve the political and legal understanding of Indonesian society. Based on the analysis of critical dis-course, the comedy show of Sentilan Sentilun is expected to bring changes as follows: (1) the way people view on the campaign in Indonesia; (2) the way people view on the election of the leaders in Indonesia; (3) the way people view on how to be a leader; and (4) the way people view on what should be a leader.Keywords : comedy, ideology, critical discourse analysis

Foreign metaphors and Arabic translation

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Bazzi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
News Event ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Arabic Speaking

This paper attempts to bridge translation studies on metaphor with perspectives from cognitive and critical discourse studies. It provides a new contribution to the study of the interplay between language and politics by investigating the ideological motivations behind choices made by Arab journalists/translators in translating metaphors in reports of world events, in the Middle East in particular. The analytic approach adopted for the purpose of this study draws inspiration from cognitive linguistics, critical discourse studies, and descriptive translation studies. Through a comparative study of a corpus of news representations in Western and Middle Eastern sources, the study scrutinizes the role of metaphor in our perception of reality and interpretation of a news event. Based on an examination of the processing of metaphor in professional translations, the study concludes that metaphors can be classified into two main types in terms of media translation: the cultural type and the ideological type and that each of these is approached differently by translators. The generalized findings concerning these two types of translational patterns are supported by input from Arabic-speaking university-level students of translation studies, in the form of parallel translations by the students and notes on their subsequent classroom discussion.

scholarly journals The Politics of Voice in the Stereotypical Representation of the Pashtuns: A Critical Study of Khaled Hosseini’s Novels

2018 ◽  
Vol III (II) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rab Nawaz Khan ◽  
Abdul Waheed Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies

The current study is an attempt to critically analyze the role and politics of voice in Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns in terms of categorical and stereotypical representation of the Pashtuns. It is a critical discourse study (Norman Fairclough, 1989, 2018) of the selected data. Moreover, the data is viewed from the perspective of critical discourse studies. The novels under study are polyphonic in nature, and the characters belong to various Afghan ethnic backgrounds, like the Pashtuns, the Tajiks and the Hazaras. The study concludes that the novelist's choice of the characters with their respective voices and the roles assigned to them are political, ideological and somewhat biased. The Pashtuns have been stereotypically represented by categorizing them as the social, well-educated and more or less liberal Pashtuns, the tribal and traditionalist Pashtuns, extremist and fundamentalist Pashtuns, like Taliban. Misrepresentation of the tribal and fundamentalist Pashtuns as racists, ethnic nationalists, ideologists, sexists, exclusionists, traditionalists and power-abusers is indicative of the novelist's biasedness and exaggeration.

scholarly journals Trump, memes and the Alt-right: Emotive and affective criticism and praise

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-809
Author(s):  
Lyndon C.S. Way
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
New Politics ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Critical Discourse Studies ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
The Ideal

Internet memes are the most pervasive and malleable form of digital popular culture (Wiggins 2019: vii). They are a way a society expresses and thinks of itself (Denisova 2019: 2) used for the purpose of satire, parody, critique to posit an argument (Wiggins 2019, see also Ponton 2021, this issue). The acts of viewing, creating, sharing and commenting on memes that criticise or troll authority figures have become central to our political processes becom[ing] one of the most important forms of political participation and activism today (Merrin 2019: 201). However, memes do not communicate to us in logical arguments, but emotionally and affectively through short quips and images that entertain. Memes are part of a new politics of affectivity, identification, emotion and humour (Merrin 2019: 222). In this paper, we examine not only what politics memes communicate to us, but how this is done. We analyse memes, some in mainstream social media circulation, that praise and criticise the authoritarian tendencies of former US President Donald Trump, taken from 4Chan, a home of many alt-right ideas. Through a Multimodal Critical Discourse Studies approach, we demonstrate how images and lexical choices in memes do not communicate to us in logical, well-structured arguments, but lean on affective and emotional discourses of racism, nationalism and power. As such, though memes have the potential to emotionally engage with their intended audiences, this is done at the expense of communicating nuanced and detailed information on political players and issues. This works against the ideal of a public sphere where debate and discussion inform political decisions in a population, essential pillars of a democratic society (Habermas 1991).

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