Quantum Cryptography

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-61
Author(s):  
S. Venkata Lakshmi ◽  
Sujatha Krishnamoorthy ◽  
Mudassir Khan ◽  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Varsha Sahni
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Cryptographic Protocol ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Frequency Coding ◽  
Cryptographic Keys ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Polarization Coding

Cryptography is used for the secure communication in which two parties are involved. The most popular cryptographic issue is the transmission of confidential messages. The privacy is maintained using the cryptographic protocol. The security of quantum cryptography relies more on physics including quantum mechanics and statistics rather than on solving mathematical problems. A well-known application of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD) that is used to establish communication by generating cryptographic keys. Moreover, it is based on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that ensures the security and prevents from eavesdropping. Basically, quantum cryptography with faint laser pulses, polarization coding, phase coding, and frequency coding have been discussed.

scholarly journals An Emphasis on Quantum Cryptography and Quantum Key Distribution

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharadwaja V. Srividya ◽  
Smitha Sasi
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Quantum Computers ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Bits ◽  
The World ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Modern Cryptography ◽  
Public Environment

The application of internet has spiked up in the present-day scenario, as the exchange of information made between two parties happens in public environment. Hence privacy of information plays an important role in our day to day life. There have been incredible developments made in the field of cryptography resulting in modern cryptography at its zenith. Quantum computers are one among them creating fear into security agencies across the world. Solving the complex mathematical calculations is uncomplicated using quantum computers which results in breaking the keys of modern cryptography, which cannot be broken using classical computers. The concept of quantum physics, into the cryptographic world has resulted in the advancement of quantum cryptography. This technique utilizes the idea of key generation by photons, and communicates between peer entities by secured channel. Quantum cryptography adapts quantum mechanical principles like Heisenberg Uncertainty principle and photon polarization principle to provide secure communication between two parties. This article focuses on generation of a secret shared key, later converted into Quantum bits (Qbits) and transmitted to the receiver securely.

scholarly journals QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY: A NEW APPROACH TO INFORMATION SECURITY

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-13
Author(s):  
Rishi Dutt Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Cryptography ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Photon Polarization ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Secure Network ◽  
Future Direction

Quantum cryptography is an emerging technology in which two parties can secure network Communications by applying the phenomena of quantum physics. The security of these transmissions is based on the inviolability of the laws of quantum mechanics. Quantum cryptography was born in the early seventies when Steven wiesner wrote “conjugate coding”. The quantum cryptography relies on two important elements of quantum mechanics-the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the principle of photon polarization. The Heisenberg uncertainty principle states that, it is not possible to measure the quantum state of any system without distributing that system. The principle of photon polarization states that, an eavesdropper cannot copy unknownqubits i.e. unknown quantum states, due to no-cloning Theorem which was first presented by wootters andzurek in 1982.this research paper concentrates on the theory of quantum cryptography, and how this technology contributes to the network security. This research paper summarizes the current state of Quantum cryptography, and the real world application implementation of this technology and finally the future direction in which quantum cryptography is forwards

scholarly journals Dispersion properties of electrostatic oscillations in quantum plasmas

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
BENGT ELIASSON ◽  
PADMA KANT SHUKLA
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Electron Plasma ◽  
Quantum Plasma ◽  
Plasma Oscillations ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Electrostatic Wave ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
Astrophysical Objects ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Semiconductor Plasmas

AbstractWe present a derivation of the dispersion relation for electrostatic oscillations in a zero-temperature quantum plasma, in which degenerate electrons are governed by the Wigner equation, while non-degenerate ions follow the classical fluid equations. The Poisson equation determines the electrostatic wave potential. We consider parameters ranging from semiconductor plasmas to metallic plasmas and electron densities of compressed matter such as in laser compression schemes and dense astrophysical objects. Owing to the wave diffraction caused by overlapping electron wave function because of the Heisenberg uncertainty principle in dense plasmas, we have the possibility of Landau damping of the high-frequency electron plasma oscillations at large enough wavenumbers. The exact dispersion relations for the electron plasma oscillations are solved numerically and compared with the ones obtained by using approximate formulas for the electron susceptibility in the high- and low-frequency cases.

On impact of a priori classical knowledge of discriminated states on the optimal unambiguous discrimination

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 951-964
Author(s):  
M. Zhang ◽  
Z.-T. Zhou ◽  
H.-Y. Dai ◽  
D.-W. Hu
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Quantum States ◽  
A Priori Knowledge ◽  
Single System ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Unambiguous Discrimination ◽  
Fundamental Limitations ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty ◽  
Classical Knowledge ◽  
Priori Knowledge

Due to the fundamental limitations related to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the non-cloning theorem, it is impossible, even in principle, to determine the quantum state of a single system without a priori knowledge of it. To discriminate nonorthogonal quantum states in some optimal way, a priori knowledge of the discriminated states has to be relied upon. In this paper, we thoroughly investigate some impact of a priori classical knowledge of two quantum states on the optimal unambiguous discrimination. It is exemplified that a priori classical knowledge of the discriminated states, incomplete or complete, can be utilized to improve the optimal success probabilities, whereas the lack of a prior classical knowledge can not be compensated even by more resources.

scholarly journals Prediction for the cosmological constant and constraints on SUSY GUTs in resummed quantum gravity

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (29) ◽  
pp. 1830028
Author(s):  
B. F. L. Ward
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
Theory Of Relativity ◽  
General Theory Of Relativity ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle ◽  
Heisenberg Uncertainty

Working in the context of the Planck scale cosmology formulation of Bonanno and Reuter, we use our resummed quantum gravity approach to Einstein’s general theory of relativity to estimate the value of the cosmological constant as [Formula: see text]. We show that SUSY GUT models are constrained by the closeness of this estimate to experiment. We also address various consistency checks on the calculation. In particular, we use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle to remove a large part of the remaining uncertainty in our estimate of [Formula: see text].

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