Informing Science

2022 ◽  
pp. 8-22

This chapter defines the scope of informing science. The chapter begins by examining whether informing science is a discipline or field of knowledge. Next, the development of software engineering and informing science are discussed. The chapter then analyzes four key periods in the history of information processing models: (1) machine-centric computing, (2) application-oriented data processing, (3) service-oriented utility environments, and (4) interactive approaches. Next, the concept of informing science is analyzed, and a matrix model of informing science is presented. The chapter concludes by considering some of the contemporary issues with informing science, including (1) the relationship between ICT as it is applied in businesses and ICT as it is developed as a science in higher education (2) as well as the strategies used by universities for educating students in this field.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2366-2385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee McGuigan

Programmatic advertising describes techniques for automating and optimizing transactions in the audience marketplace. Facilitating real-time bidding for audience impressions and personalized targeting, programmatic technologies are at the leading edge of digital, data-driven advertising. But almost no research considers programmatic advertising within a general history of information technology in commercial media industries. The computerization of advertising and media buying remains curiously unexamined. Using archival sources, this study situates programmatic advertising within a longer trajectory, focusing on the incorporation of electronic data processing into the spot television business, starting in the 1950s. The article makes three contributions: it illustrates that (1) demands for information, data processing, and rapid communications have long been central to advertising and media buying; (2) automation “ad tech” developed gradually through efforts to coordinate and accelerate transactions; and (3) the use of computers to increase efficiency and approach mathematical optimization reformatted calculative resources for media and marketing decisions.


2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Walquiria Pereira da Silva Dias ◽  
Julio França Dias

<p>Ao considerar os desafios inerentes à educação, a formação docente apresenta-se enquanto tema em constante discussão. Assim sendo, refletir acerca da qualidade dos cursos oferecidos é essencial para a construção sólida das bases formativas dos profissionais atuantes no mercado de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o munícipio de Paço do Lumiar, devido ao desenvolvimento populacional e de infraestrutura, tem apresentado um aumento na demanda de vagas de cursos superiores. Desse modo, esta produção aborda a relação da oferta/demanda de vagas com a qualidade dos cursos voltados à formação docente, no munício luminense. Para tanto, os embasamentos teóricos, a partir da análise de dados e documentos, fixaram-se na legislação, na história da educação superior no Brasil e no panorama atual da educação básica de Paço Lumiar. A presente pesquisa concretizou-se no Instituto Superior Franciscano (IESF), instituição de referência na localidade, junto aos graduandos de pedagogia, a partir de entrevistas e questionários. Destarte, este estudo é oriundo das inquietações dos autores acerca da educação, a qual possui com um de seus pilares a formação de profissionais competentes e qualificados.</p><p><strong>Palavras-Chave</strong>: educação, desenvolvimento social, formação docente, qualidade.</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Considering the challenges of education, teacher training is presented as a subject in constant discussion. Therefore, reflecting on the quality of the courses offered is essential to the solid construction of the training bases of professionals working in the job market. In this context, the city of Paço do Lumiar, due to population development and infrastructure, has shown an increase in demand for higher education places. Thus, this production approaches the relationship of supply / demand for vacancies with the quality of courses focused on teacher training, in this city. Therefore, the theoretical grounds, from the data and document analysis, were fixed in legislation in the history of higher education in Brazil and the current situation of basic education in Paço do Lumiar. This research has been made at the Franciscan Institute (IESF), a reference institution in the town, with pedagogy of graduate students, by interviews and questionnaires. Thus, this study arises from the concerns of the authors about education, which has one of its pillars with the formation of competent and qualified professionals.</p><p><strong>Keywords : </strong>education, social development, teacher training, quality.</p><p> </p>


JCSCORE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-62
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Jordan Irvine

This article is a family history that supported the relationship between slavery and generational wealth. The research documented the history of two Moffett families who were probably not related biologically—a White one who owned a Black one with the same last name. However, the two family histories revealed a larger and more complicated narrative about the origins and intractable roots of American inequality that follows the trail of my slave ancestors to one of the most well- known and wealthiest international corporations in the world—from cotton to Coca-Cola. This is the account of a set of conditions that, while assisting Whites to acquire generational wealth, prevented Black people from doing the same. The piece discusses how generational wealth is accumulated and maintained and argues that higher education alone has provided limited opportunities for Black families to acquire and maintain generational wealth. Recommendations included attention to individual and institutional racism, particularly the structural factors that White families have used to leverage their income and wealth, notably government programs, political and social contacts, access to financial resources, and privileged information about economic opportunities.


Author(s):  
Marijk van der Wende

This chapter examines higher education cooperation between the European Union (EU) and China in terms of its history, rationales, goals, mechanisms, instruments, and effects. It will first position the EU as a major policy actor in research and higher education and present a short history of its relations with China in these fields. It will sketch how this relationship has evolved over time, including the gradual changes to the modus operandi. An assessment will be made of policy effects and impacts, with a view to the search for a more balanced relationship. To what extent are the EU’s and China’s policies driven by common (global) goals? What are the patterns of convergence, divergence, cooperation, and competition? Are flows, partnerships and conditions for cooperation balanced? Challenges and persistent imbalances will be discussed with a view to how the relationship may be shaped in the next phase.


2010 ◽  
Vol 108-111 ◽  
pp. 1049-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Guo ◽  
Jing Ying Zhao ◽  
Ming Jun Da

As the only still used pictographs in the world, NaXi pictographs has been used in computer information processing. However, the technology of processing minority scripts hasn't been applied on mobile platform. Using Eclipse, this paper has developed a NaXi Pictographs Mobile Phone Dictionary Based on J2ME. Via Fast Searching Algorithm of Trie tree, we achieved the goal of NaXi-Chinese query and online update of the lexicon. To the problem of display NaXi pictographs on the MT (Mobile Terminal), we extracted matrix font of NaXi pictographs. The realization of NaXi Pictographs Mobile Phone Dictionary drew a new page on the history of information processing on Chinese minority scripts mobile, as well as a great reference for information processing on other minority scripts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 581-593
Author(s):  
David Sepkoski

One of the best arguments for approaching the history of information processing and handling in the human and natural sciences as a “history of data” is that it focuses our attention on relationships, convergences, and contingent historical developments that can be obscured following more traditional areas of focus on individual disciplines or technologies. This essay explores one such case of convergence in nineteenth-century data history between empirical natural history (paleontology and botany), bureaucratic statistics (cameralism), and contemporary historiography, arguing that the establishment of visual conventions around the presentation of temporal patterns in data involved interactions between ostensibly distinct knowledge traditions. This essay is part of a special issue entitled Histories of Data and the Database edited by Soraya de Chadarevian and Theodore M. Porter.


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