Knowledge Economy and Its Impact on the Development Progress of Transfusion Medicine in Poor Economic Nations

2022 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Cees Th. Smit Sibinga ◽  
Yetmgeta E. Abdella

The chapter will provide a global situation analysis, describe the key elements of knowledge economy in the healthcare and transfusion medicine field, and analyze the impact of the knowledge economy on the pace of development progress of national blood supply and transfusion structures. The authors will provide examples to illustrate the case of applying knowledge economy principles to advance the safety and availability of blood products in clinical healthcare and hence the economy of care. Recommendations on how to improve will be described.

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (6) ◽  
pp. 486-491
Author(s):  
George Krempel ◽  
Colleen Jarosz

Abstract Historically, hospital administrators have viewed all laboratory sections as cost centers. The major expenses in the transfusion service are those associated with labor and blood products. However, few administrators take the time to look past this cost to see the impact of an active transfusion medicine section in other areas of the hospital. This article examines the impact of inventory management, blood component utilization and waste, group purchasing, and new program implementation on transfusion service expense and revenue.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
MARAT R. BIKTIMIROV ◽  
◽  
OLGA V. PILIPENKO ◽  
MAXIM S. SAFONOV ◽  
◽  
...  

Taking practical responsible decisions in the field of social and industrial management in the context of rapid development of digital technologies in the era of the knowledge economy is impossible without reliance on expertise. A kind of organization of activities for the production of ‘predictions’ is required, when not only an accurate assessment of the impact of certain factors and their possible interactions with each other is given, but also as a result of creative construction of scenarios for the development of processes and events, an understanding comes which factors need to be taken into account. At the same time, the expertise constantly faces criticism, calling the conclusions of experts arbitrary, unreliable and subjective. Often, expertise is confused with monitoring, evaluation, diagnosis, inspection or counseling. The authors of the article carried out a structural analysis of the content of the expertise processes in the project management vector in the digitalization era and came to the conclusion that the effectiveness of the expertise is significantly increased in case of clear regulation of this type of activity, providing the necessary status.


2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 074-083
Author(s):  
Kathryn W. Chang ◽  
Steve Owen ◽  
Michaela Gaspar ◽  
Mike Laffan ◽  
Deepa R. J. Arachchillage

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the impact of major hemorrhage (MH) protocol (MHP) activation on blood administration and patient outcome at a UK major cardiothoracic center. MH was defined in patients (> 16 years) as those who received > 5 units of red blood cells (RBCs) in < 4 hours, or > 10 units in 24 hours. Data were collected retrospectively from patient electronic records and hospital transfusion databases recording issue of blood products from January 2016 to December 2018. Of 134 patients with MH, 24 had activated MHP and 110 did not have activated MHP. Groups were similar for age, sex, baseline hemoglobin, platelet count, coagulation screen, and renal function with no difference in the baseline clinical characteristics. The total number of red cell units (median and [IQR]) transfused was no different in the patients with activated (7.5 [5–11.75]) versus nonactivated (9 [6–12]) MHP (p = 0.35). Patients in the nonactivated MHP group received significantly higher number of platelet units (median: 3 vs. 2, p = 0.014), plasma (median: 4.5 vs. 1.5, p = 0.0007), and cryoprecipitate (median: 2 vs. 1, p = 0.008). However, activation of MHP was associated with higher mortality at 24 hours compared with patients with nonactivation of MHP (33.3 vs. 10.9%, p = 0.005) and 30 days (58.3 vs. 30.9%, p = 0.01). The total RBC and platelet (but not fresh frozen plasma [FFP]) units received were higher in deceased patients than in survivors. Increased mortality was associated with a higher RBC:FFP ratio. Only 26% of patients received tranexamic acid and these patients had higher mortality at 30 days but not at 24 hours. Deceased patients at 30 days had higher levels of fibrinogen than those who survived (median: 2.4 vs. 1.8, p = 0.01). Patients with activated MHP had significantly higher mortality at both 24 hours and 30 days despite lack of difference in the baseline characteristics of the patients with activated MHP versus nonactivated MHP groups. The increased mortality associated with a higher RBC:FFP ratio suggests dilutional coagulopathy may contribute to mortality, but higher fibrinogen at baseline was not protective.


2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jawad Iqbal ◽  
Ibn-e- Hassan

In the knowledge economy, companies are thought to be the experts who develop innovative product or service as per demand and then market it to generate the revenue. The role of industry in a knowledge economy is to search and to promote inter-organizational collaborations for learning and to search linkages to arrange for complementary resources. These interactions improve the performance of industry in the knowledge economy. This research has been conducted to find out the impact of industry associated variables that significantly influence the performance of knowledge economy. Important attributes have therefore, been identified from the studies conducted in the field of knowledge economy. Influence of identified attributes on industry has been measured using structural equation modeling (SEM) technique. Data has been collected using survey questionnaire. Findings of the study confirm that there exist a strong relationship among the industry and it’s identified variables that collectively influence the performance of industry in the knowledge economy.


2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 55-62
Author(s):  
Kgomotso H Moahi

This paper considers the impact that globalization and the knowledge economy have on the protection and promotion of indigenous knowledge. It is asserted that globalization and the knowledge economy have opened up the world and facilitated the flow of information and knowledge. However, the flow of knowledge has been governed by uneven economic and political power between the developed countries and the devel-oping countries. This has a number of ramifications for IK. The dilemma faced is that whichever method is taken to protect IK (IPR regimes, documenting IK etc) exposes IK to some misappropriation. Protecting it through IPR is also fraught with problems. Documenting IK exposes IK to the public domain and makes it that much easier to be misused. However, not protecting IK runs the danger of having it disappear as the custodians holding it die off, or as communities become swamped by the effects of globalization. The conclu-sion therefore is that governments have to take more interest in protecting, promoting and using IK than they have been doing.


2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (43) ◽  
pp. 1717-1723
Author(s):  
Sándor Pál ◽  
Barbara Réger ◽  
Tamás Kiss ◽  
Hussain Alizadeh ◽  
András Vereczkei ◽  
...  

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A COVID–19-világjárvány betegellátásra gyakorolt hatása hazánkban is jelentős. A vérellátást nehezítette a járványügyi intézkedések következményeként a véradási események elmaradása, a csökkent véradási hajlandóság, továbbá a nehezen megítélhető vérkészítményigény . A „Patient Blood Management” irányelveinek az orvosi gyakorlatban történő egyre szélesebb körű alkalmazása elősegíti az optimális vérkészítmény-felhasználást a transzfúziók lehetőség szerinti elkerülésével. Célkitűzés és módszer: Vizsgálatunk célja a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Klinikai Központjának Janus Pannonius Klinikai Tömbjében a vérkészítmény-felhasználás változásainak felmérése volt a 2020. év első öt hónapjában. Eredmények: A járványügyi intézkedéseket követő időszakban szignifikánsan csökkent a hospitalizált betegeknek (34,08%), a transzfúziót igénylő betegeknek (39,69%) és a felhasznált vörösvérsejt-készítményeknek (46,41%) a száma, valamint az egy betegre jutó felhasznált vörösvérsejt-koncentrátum átlaga (2,61-ről 1,97-re) is. Közel 30%-os arányban csökkent a felhasznált friss fagyasztott plazma egységeinek és a thrombocytakoncentrátumoknak a száma is. Következtetés: A szigorú korlátozások életbe léptetését követően a nehézségek ellenére sikerült elegendő mennyiségű vérkészítményt biztosítani a betegeknek. Az Országos Vérellátó Szolgálat Pécsi Regionális Vérellátó Központja munkatársainak és a klinikusok erőfeszítéseinek köszönhetően a vérkészítményigény és -kínálat között új egyensúly alakult ki, mely megfelelő ellátást biztosított a feltétlenül szükséges transzfúziók kivitelezéséhez. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723. Summary. Introduction: The impact of COVID–19 pandemic on patient care is pronounced also in Hungary. Blood supply was hindered by the reduction of public blood donation events, the reduced willingness to donate, and the difficult predictability of blood product demand as a result of the epidemiological regulations. The wider application of Patient Blood Management guidelines in the medical practice will promote optimal blood product utilization by avoiding transfusions where possible. Objective and method: The aim of our study was to assess the changes in the usage of blood products in the first five months of 2020 at the Clinical Center of the University of Pécs, Janus Pannonius Clinical Building. Results: In the period following the epidemiological measures, we found reduction in the number of hospitalized patients (34.08%), in the number of patients requiring transfusion (39.69%) and in the number of red blood cell products used (46.41%). The number of transfused red blood cell concentrates per patient was also significantly reduced (from 2.61 to 1.97) in this period. The number of transfused fresh frozen plasma units and platelet concentrates also decreased by approximately 30%. Conclusion: After the implementation of the strict restrictions, despite the difficulties, it was possible to provide patients with sufficient blood products. Due to the efforts of both the Regional Blood Transfusion Center of Pécs of the Hungarian National Blood Transfusion Service and of the clinicians, a new balance was established between the demand and the supply of blood products, which provided adequate care for the necessary transfusions. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(43): 1717–1723.


Author(s):  
Karen van den Berg

Despite numerous publications on the appropriate use of blood and blood products, few specifically consider the role of transfusion in the management of HIV. This review is a synthesis of conditions encountered in the management of HIV-infected patients where the transfusion of blood or blood products may be indicated. A consistent message emerging from the review is that the principles of transfusion medicine do not differ between HIV-negative and -positive patients. The aim of the review is to provide clinicians with a practical and succinct overview of the haematological abnormalities and clinical circumstances most commonly encountered in the HIV setting, while focusing on the rational and appropriate use of blood and blood products for HIV patients. Important ethical considerations in dealing with both the collection and transfusion blood and blood products in the HIV era have also been addressed. S Afr J HIV Med 2012;13(2):87-103.


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