Predictions For COVID-19 With Deep Learning Models of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM)

2022 ◽  
pp. 128-153
Author(s):  
Fan Wu ◽  
Juan Shu
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The United States ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

COVID-19, one of the most contagious diseases and urgent threats in recent times, attracts attention across the globe to study the trend of infections and help predict when the pandemic will end. A reliable prediction will make states and citizens acknowledge possible consequences and benefits for the policymaker among the delicate balance of reopening and public safety. This chapter introduces a deep learning technique and long short-term memory (LSTM) to forecast the trend of COVID-19 in the United States. The dataset from the New York Times (NYT) of confirmed and deaths cases is utilized in the research. The results include discussion of the potential outcomes if extreme circumstances happen and the profound effect beyond the forecasting number.

Combining Deep Learning Models for Enhancing the Detection of Botnet Attacks in Multiple Sensors Internet of Things Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 380
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem A. Hezam ◽  
Salama A. Mostafa ◽  
Zirawani Baharum ◽  
Alde Alanda ◽  
Mohd Zaki Salikon
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Iot Devices

Distributed-Denial-of-Service impacts are undeniably significant, and because of the development of IoT devices, they are expected to continue to rise in the future. Even though many solutions have been developed to identify and prevent this assault, which is mainly targeted at IoT devices, the danger continues to exist and is now larger than ever. It is common practice to launch denial of service attacks in order to prevent legitimate requests from being completed. This is accomplished by swamping the targeted machines or resources with false requests in an attempt to overpower systems and prevent many or all legitimate requests from being completed. There have been many efforts to use machine learning to tackle puzzle-like middle-box problems and other Artificial Intelligence (AI) problems in the last few years. The modern botnets are so sophisticated that they may evolve daily, as in the case of the Mirai botnet, for example. This research presents a deep learning method based on a real-world dataset gathered by infecting nine Internet of Things devices with two of the most destructive DDoS botnets, Mirai and Bashlite, and then analyzing the results. This paper proposes the BiLSTM-CNN model that combines Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). This model employs CNN for data processing and feature optimization, and the BiLSTM is used for classification. This model is evaluated by comparing its results with three standard deep learning models of CNN, Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), and long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (LSTM–RNN). There is a huge need for more realistic datasets to fully test such models' capabilities, and where N-BaIoT comes, it also includes multi-device IoT data. The N-BaIoT dataset contains DDoS attacks with the two of the most used types of botnets: Bashlite and Mirai. The 10-fold cross-validation technique tests the four models. The obtained results show that the BiLSTM-CNN outperforms all other individual classifiers in every aspect in which it achieves an accuracy of 89.79% and an error rate of 0.1546 with a very high precision of 93.92% with an f1-score and recall of 85.73% and 89.11%, respectively. The RNN achieves the highest accuracy among the three individual models, with an accuracy of 89.77%, followed by LSTM, which achieves the second-highest accuracy of 89.71%. CNN, on the other hand, achieves the lowest accuracy among all classifiers of 89.50%.

scholarly journals Aircraft Gearbox Fault Diagnosis System: An Approach based on Deep Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
P B Mallikarjuna ◽  
M Sreenatha ◽  
S Manjunath ◽  
Niranjan C Kundur
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Gearbox Vibration ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

Abstract Gearbox is one of the vital components in aircraft engines. If any small damage to gearbox, it can cause the breakdown of aircraft engine. Thus it is significant to study fault diagnosis in gearbox system. In this paper, two deep learning models (Long short term memory (LSTM) and Bi-directional long short term memory (BLSTM)) are proposed to classify the condition of gearbox into good or bad. These models are applied on aircraft gearbox vibration data in both time and frequency domain. A publicly available aircraft gearbox vibration dataset is used to evaluate the performance of proposed models. The results proved that accuracy achieved by LSTM and BLSTM are highly reliable and applicable in health monitoring of aircraft gearbox system in time domain as compared to frequency domain. Also, to show the superiority of proposed models for aircraft gearbox fault diagnosis, performance is compared with classical machine learning models.

scholarly journals Comparison of Long Short-Term Memory Networks and Random Forest for Sentinel-1 Time Series Based Large Scale Crop Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5000
Author(s):  
Felix Reuß ◽  
Isabella Greimeister-Pfeil ◽  
Mariette Vreugdenhil ◽  
Wolfgang Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Crop Classification

To ensure future food security, improved agricultural management approaches are required. For many of those applications, precise knowledge of the distribution of crop types is essential. Various machine and deep learning models have been used for automated crop classification using microwave remote sensing time series. However, the application of these approaches on a large spatial and temporal scale is barely investigated. In this study, the performance of two frequently used algorithms, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Random Forest (RF), for crop classification based on Sentinel-1 time series and meteorological data on a large spatial and temporal scale is assessed. For data from Austria, the Netherlands, and France and the years 2015–2019, scenarios with different spatial and temporal scales were defined. To quantify the complexity of these scenarios, the Fisher Discriminant measurement F1 (FDR1) was used. The results demonstrate that both classifiers achieve similar results for simple classification tasks with low FDR1 values. With increasing FDR1 values, however, LSTM networks outperform RF. This suggests that the ability of LSTM networks to learn long-term dependencies and identify the relation between radar time series and meteorological data becomes increasingly important for more complex applications. Thus, the study underlines the importance of deep learning models, including LSTM networks, for large-scale applications.

scholarly journals Application of Deep Learning Methods to Forecasting Changes in Short-Term Currency Trends

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Vasily D. Derbentsev ◽  
Vitalii S. Bezkorovainyi ◽  
Iryna V. Luniak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Deep Neural Networks ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Better Than

This study investigates the issues of forecasting changes in short-term currency trends using deep learning models, which is relevant for both the scientific community and for traders and investors. The purpose of this study is to build a model for forecasting the direction of change in the prices of currency quotes based on deep neural networks. The developed architecture was based on the model of valve recurrent node, which is a modification of the model of “Long Short-Term Memory”, but is simpler in terms of the number of parameters and learning time. The forecast calculations of the dynamics of quotations of the currency pair euro/dollar and the most capitalised cryptocurrency Bitcoin/dollar were performed using daily, four-hour and hourly datasets. The obtained results of binary classification (forecast of the direction of trend change) when applying daily and hourly quotations turned out to be generally better than those of time series models or models of neural networks of other architecture (in particular, multilayer perceptron or “Long Short-Term Memory” models). According to the study results, the highest accuracy of classification was for the model of daily quotations for both euro/dollar – about 72%, and for Bitcoin/ dollar – about 69%. For four-hour and hourly time series, the accuracy of classification decreased, which can be explained both by the increase in the impact of “market noise” and the probable overfitting. Computer simulation has demonstrated that models predict a rising trend better than a declining one. The study confirmed the prospects for the application of deep learning models for short-term forecasting of time series of currency quotes. The use of the developed models proved to be effective for both fiat and cryptocurrencies. The proposed system of models based on deep neural networks can be used as a basis for developing an automated trading system in the foreign exchange market

scholarly journals Deepfake tweets classification using stacked Bi-LSTM and words embedding

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e745
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Rupapara ◽  
Furqan Rustam ◽  
Aashir Amaar ◽  
Patrick Bernard Washington ◽  
Ernesto Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Tree Classifier ◽  
Long Short Term Memory ◽  
Digital Manipulation ◽  
Lstm Network

The spread of altered media in the form of fake videos, audios, and images, has been largely increased over the past few years. Advanced digital manipulation tools and techniques make it easier to generate fake content and post it on social media. In addition, tweets with deep fake content make their way to social platforms. The polarity of such tweets is significant to determine the sentiment of people about deep fakes. This paper presents a deep learning model to predict the polarity of deep fake tweets. For this purpose, a stacked bi-directional long short-term memory (SBi-LSTM) network is proposed to classify the sentiment of deep fake tweets. Several well-known machine learning classifiers are investigated as well such as support vector machine, logistic regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, extra tree classifier, and AdaBoost classifier. These classifiers are utilized with term frequency-inverse document frequency and a bag of words feature extraction approaches. Besides, the performance of deep learning models is analyzed including long short-term memory network, gated recurrent unit, bi-direction LSTM, and convolutional neural network+LSTM. Experimental results indicate that the proposed SBi-LSTM outperforms both machine and deep learning models and achieves an accuracy of 0.92.

scholarly journals Schätzung der Verdunstung mithilfe von Machine- und Deep Learning-Methoden

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Brenner ◽  
Jonathan Frame ◽  
Grey Nearing ◽  
Karsten Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Sich Eine ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Neuronales Netzwerk ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

ZusammenfassungDie Verdunstung ist ein entscheidender Prozess im globalen Wasser‑, Energie- sowie Kohlenstoffkreislauf. Daten zur räumlich-zeitlichen Dynamik der Verdunstung sind daher von großer Bedeutung für Klimamodellierungen, zur Abschätzung der Auswirkungen der Klimakrise sowie nicht zuletzt für die Landwirtschaft.In dieser Arbeit wenden wir zwei Machine- und Deep Learning-Methoden für die Vorhersage der Verdunstung mit täglicher und halbstündlicher Auflösung für Standorte des FLUXNET-Datensatzes an. Das Long Short-Term Memory Netzwerk ist ein rekurrentes neuronales Netzwerk, welchen explizit Speichereffekte berücksichtigt und Zeitreihen der Eingangsgrößen analysiert (entsprechend physikalisch-basierten Wasserbilanzmodellen). Dem gegenüber gestellt werden Modellierungen mit XGBoost, einer Entscheidungsbaum-Methode, die in diesem Fall nur Informationen für den zu bestimmenden Zeitschritt erhält (entsprechend physikalisch-basierten Energiebilanzmodellen). Durch diesen Vergleich der beiden Modellansätze soll untersucht werden, inwieweit sich durch die Berücksichtigung von Speichereffekten Vorteile für die Modellierung ergeben.Die Analysen zeigen, dass beide Modellansätze gute Ergebnisse erzielen und im Vergleich zu einem ausgewerteten Referenzdatensatz eine höhere Modellgüte aufweisen. Vergleicht man beide Modelle, weist das LSTM im Mittel über alle 153 untersuchten Standorte eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit den Beobachtungen auf. Allerdings zeigt sich eine Abhängigkeit der Güte der Verdunstungsvorhersage von der Vegetationsklasse des Standorts; vor allem wärmere, trockene Standorte mit kurzer Vegetation werden durch das LSTM besser repräsentiert, wohingegen beispielsweise in Feuchtgebieten XGBoost eine bessere Übereinstimmung mit den Beobachtung liefert. Die Relevanz von Speichereffekten scheint daher zwischen Ökosystemen und Standorten zu variieren.Die präsentierten Ergebnisse unterstreichen das Potenzial von Methoden der künstlichen Intelligenz für die Beschreibung der Verdunstung.

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