Content and Functional Purpose of the Duty in Modern Conditions

The duty as a source of budget formation and a regulator of foreign trade activity contributes to improving the macroeconomic situation and the state's entry into the international trade community. Therefore, the study of the essence and functional purpose of the duty becomes particularly relevant since it makes it possible to increase the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The purpose of the study is to consider the tax and foreign trade nature of the duty, establish its essence and specific characteristics, identify the main functions and substantiate changes in the roles of duty functions in modern conditions. The specifics of the scientific tasks that make up the subject of research required the use of a set of special methods (general scientific and private scientific, theoretical and empirical), the use of which helped identifying the content of the duty, consider its functional purpose and establish the reasons for the weakening of the role of duty functions in different countries of the world. In the course of the study, two approaches to the interpretation of the essence of duty were established: as a tax and as a specific foreign trade payment. The author's definition of the duty was proposed and its main essential characteristics were clarified. It has been established that there are no unified approaches to the definition of duty functions in the scientific literature, and only two main ones (fiscal and regulatory) are substantiated. It was also covered that due to the entry of most countries into the World Trade Organisation and the establishment of restrictions on the growth of customs rates, the regulatory function of the duty is weakening. It was established that in developed countries, due to international restrictions on the application of custom rates, the role of the fiscal function of duty has decreased. It was determined that in less developed countries, in conditions of limited budget revenue sources, the fiscal function of duty continues to be the main one. The practical value of the study lies in the fact that clarifying the content and functions of duty in modern conditions makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of customs tariff regulation to protect national interests during the intensification of international integration processes

Innovative Forms of Experience Services in Business Activities

Recently, due to the global coronavirus pandemic infection caused by SARS-CoV-2 people were not able to meet their needs for obtaining positive impressions, emotions, memories by visiting global tourist places due to geosocial restrictions, which led to the establishment of new vectors of economic activity in the national market and the popularisation of Ukrainian experience services. The purpose of the study is to consider the experience services, not only as a mechanism of social and psychological rehabilitation of a person, but also as an alternative tool for the development of entrepreneurial activity in the field of entertainment. In order to obtain objective results in determining the essence of experience services and indicators that hinder its development in Ukraine, the study used system analysis and scientific generalisation. The paper also discusses the main directions of development of the market of experience services in the field of conservation. The study analyses destructive factors of an economic, organisational, regulatory, and administrative nature that can negatively affect the dynamics of development of the relevant service sector. The dual nature of mechanism for regulating economic and social relations in the experience economy was defined, namely: ordering public relations, the purpose of which is the creation and consumption of the final product of experience services by customers – obtaining emotions, impressions, experience (commodity market) and regulating processes aimed at implementing a set of measures, the tasks of which are the establishment of artificial circumstances, a scenario for a potential client to receive a product (impressions, emotions), for example, transportation, creating conditions for rapid movement from one location to another, etc. (market for the production of services). The service market for programming experience and the service market for delivering experience have been separated, which can become a vector of financial, organisational and investment development of both the protected industry and the separation of a separate area of business activity in the hospitality industry

Creation of a Risk Management Culture on the Example of MNS Investment LLC

Creating a risk management culture is an important task for any enterprise in a changing and unpredictable external environment. The purpose of this study is to consider the theoretical foundations of determining the essence of the risk management culture and practical aspects of its creation in the enterprise. The article discusses the methodological provisions of the creation of a risk management culture at the enterprise, according to which a system of parameters for risk management is built: a list of key success factors and risk management indicators in the context of the main risk groups, the activity scope of the company under study, and the areas of influence on risks. Risk management culture is considered a complex concept that determines how much all employees of an enterprise are aware of the values within the risk management system and how much the results of their activities are associated with achieving the lowest risk targets. For that purpose, the company must provide risk identification, risk analysis, risk response, and risk control. The creation of a risk management culture involves combining all these stages into an united company management chain. The methodology for creating a risk management culture was tested at MNS Investment LLC. As a result of the analysis, a risk rating was constructed in terms of the degree of their impact on the main key success indicators. The relationship of identified risks with the main activity fields of the company and the areas of influence on risks is analysed. It was discovered that the greatest risk to the company's activities in terms of impact on the purpose achievement is the risk of violating the reliability and financial status of suppliers. The use of this methodological approach is of practical value since it allows integrating the stages of risk management into the company's activities

The Influence of Leadership Style, Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employees’ Job Satisfaction

Human resources play an important and strategic role in determining company policy. Superior human resources are required to carry out their duties in a quality and good manner. Human resources need to be well-managed and emphasised so that employees can feel satisfaction at work. Job satisfaction is vital upon measuring the work performance. If the employee is satisfied with the job, the work performance will be better. Job satisfaction also becomes an indicator for the company survival. The purpose of this study is to analyse the significance of the influence of leadership style, work motivation, and work environment on employees’ job satisfaction. This type of study is survey research on the employees at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company. The study population included 800 people. The research sample was 80 employees, which comprised 32 male and 48 female respondents. The sample is taken using the proportional cluster random sampling technique with criteria based on their education background and working period. The data collection technique used a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used multiple linear regression analysis, T-test, model accuracy test and coefficient of determination. The results showed that all variables, including leadership style, work motivation, and work environment have positive influence towards employees’ job satisfaction. The leadership style, work motivation, and work environment have an essential effect on job satisfaction of the employees at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company. Therefore, it can be concluded that job satisfaction at PT Tri Usaha Sejahtera Pratama company can be measured using three variables: leadership style, work motivation, and work environment

Current Trends in the Demographic Development of the Population of Small Villages in Zakarpattia Region

One of the dominant features of modern civilisation is the growing correlation between economic growth and the quality of its human potential, the level and condition of which are vital components of national wealth and the driving force of economic prosperity. Hence the increased attention to the analysis of current trends in demographic development of the population. This particularly concerns the lower administrative-territorial level, because it is there that the demoreproducing processes are developed and the life processes of the population take place. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the main trends of demographic development of the population of small rural settlements of Zakarpatska Oblast and identify factors that generate depopulation phenomena and, consequently, formulate recommendations for minimising the impact of said factors on the demographic processes among the rural population. In accordance with the set purpose, the study analyses the main trends in the demographic development of the population of small rural settlements in the Zakarpatska Oblast over the past 30 years. The demo-reproducing processes were studied considering the population structure in terms of natural and economic zones of the region, covering small villages of lowland, foothill, and mountain natural and economic zones. It was established that vertical zoning affects not only the conditions of business affairs and entrepreneurial activity of the population, but also the dynamics of natural population growth. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the dynamics of change in the population living in small settlements. The study identifies the main reasons that determine the strengthening of depopulation in small villages of the mountain natural economic zone. The authors prove the fact of decrease in the population density of small villages with their remoteness from regional centres and cities. The paper also features an analysis of changes in the age and sex structure of the population of small rural settlements, as well as identifies factors that deform the sex and age structure of the population, the effect of which in the near future will lead to decrease in the number of the economically active population and increase in budgetary expenditures for the maintenance of retired persons. The authors provide sound justification of the necessity of measures aimed at ensuring the effective implementation of demographic policy, thereby improving the quality of the human potential of the rural population, as well as preserving and reproducing its life and labour potential

New Trends in Improving Public Service Delivery in Ukraine

In the aspect of the European integration aspirations of Ukrainian society and the social development of the nation state, the issues of its service function formation in the form of public services are becoming more and more relevant in Ukraine. It is worth noting that the functioning of the service state model in Ukraine is only at its initial stage and requires improvement of the institutional arrangements for the public services delivery, which involves taking into account existing problems of their delivery by public authorities in the process of deepening the local government reform and long-term restructuring of the national economy. The purpose of the article is to state the areas of concern in the system for providing administrative, social, housing and public utility services, and to define and elaborate on long-term trends for improving their functioning, as well as their common features and characteristics. The modern general and specific scientific research methods have provided the methodological basis for the research. Their use is based on a systematic approach. The analytical method was used to identify the problematic area of the branched public service delivery system. The comparative-functional and analytical methods were used to identify modern trends in improving the provision of administrative, social, housing and public utility services, their functioning, as well as their common features and characteristics. The research process has provided a comprehensive grounding and articulation of promising trends in improving the system of providing administrative, social and housing and public utility services in Ukraine and identifying their functional features and common characteristics

Features of Establishment and Development of Motivational Culture at Enterprises in Modern Economic Conditions

The paper investigates the inherent features of motivational culture's establishment and development at enterprises in modern economic conditions. The study traces the pressing problems of motivation of the team's work, establishes their impact on the efficiency of the enterprise's functioning. The relevance of the research is determined by the fact that the issues of motivation and team development in modern scientific research are considered in sufficient detail but the problem of motivation for personnel development, which is one of the components of the establishment of motivational culture and a prerequisite for development, cannot be considered fully solved. That is why the development of motivational culture in enterprises is an extremely necessary scientific and practical task that requires a modern solution. The purpose of this study is to consider the features of the establishment of motivational culture at enterprises in modern economic conditions by analysing the international scientific practice of team management, as well as improving motivational methods of team professional development in a modern enterprise. The main method of research was the analysis of documentation, namely monographs, statistical data, scientific papers, and textbooks. Using the method of analysis, the paper processed and systematised the features of the establishment and development of motivational culture at enterprises in modern economic conditions. The study covers and summarises the current motivational methods, considers the systematic diagnosis of the state of motivational culture at the enterprise. The conceptual foundations of the establishment and development of motivational culture, a model of the motivational system of enterprise management in modern economic conditions are proposed. The tasks set in the study and the results of their solution form the methodological and scientific-practical basis for improving the incentive system for professional development of personnel based on the development of effective methods of motivational culture. The developed recommendations are of interest to modern enterprises in current economic conditions and the country's economy as a whole and provide an opportunity to certify the prospects for further research work in this area

Conceptual Approaches to the Development of a Strategy for Innovation and Investment Activity in a Food Enterprise

The variability and uncertainty of the external environment inherent in business activities determine a high level of risk and enhancing the role of strategic planning as a special tool for adapting to the external environment. The purpose of the scientific research was to form a conceptual approach to the process of developing a strategy for innovation and investment activity of a food enterprise. During the study of the study’s theoretical basis, it was determined that the issues of strategic planning of the enterprise as a whole and individual economic functions, in particular innovation, were developed by many foreign and Ukrainian researchers. However, for the most part in the literature, innovation and investment strategies are considered separately, at the same time they are closely related, and the implementation of an innovation project can be considered as an implementation of an investment project. In recent times, the concept of innovation and investment activity has appeared in the literature, but the methodology for rational organization of such activity has not been sufficiently developed. In the course of the research, three main approaches to developing a strategy for innovation and investment activity were described, also our own fourth approach was formulated. The analysis of methodological principles that are the basis for building strategies for innovation and investment activity was also carried out. It was concluded that the effectiveness of the strategy development process depends on the creation of a system of its information support. At the same time, increasing the productivity of innovation and investment activities of individual enterprises will help to increase the number of enterprises engaged in such activities, which will have a positive impact on the country’s economy as a whole. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the considered strategies of innovation and investment activity can be used in the activities of relevant enterprises

The Process of Designing Artificial Intelligence: Development Trends and Prospects

The relevance of research is due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence. It is an important technology that supports everyday social, technical, and economic activities. Artificial intelligence allows computers to learn from their own experience, adapt to set parameters, and perform tasks that were previously only possible for humans. In this regard, this article is aimed at identifying trends and prospects for the development of artificial intelligence. Another considerable task is to highlight the principles of building artificial intelligence systems. Developing an artificial intelligence system differs from building a conventional system as it requires a systematic approach, big data analysis, and model training. Building an artificial intelligence system − is a detailed process of reverse engineering human traits, capabilities of a machine, and using its computational power to surpass humans' skills. The leading approach to the study of this issue is literature analysis, which makes it possible to comprehensively consider artificial intelligence development. This article includes the modern foundations of artificial intelligence and various representative applications. In the context of the modern digital world, artificial intelligence is the property of machines, computer programmes and systems to perform intellectual and creative human functions, independently find ways to solve issues, be able to draw conclusions and make decisions. The research materials are of practical value for a critical analysis of current artificial intelligence capabilities, reasons why it still cannot achieve human intelligence, and the challenges it faces when achieving and surpassing the level of human intelligence