Community Hospital Disaster Preparedness in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Dan J. Vick ◽  
Asa B. Wilson ◽  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Carrie Roseamelia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hospital Disaster Preparedness

Disasters are common events in the United States. They generally result in casualties and community hospitals play a critical role in caring for these victims. Therefore, it is critical that hospitals are prepared for disasters. There has been increased focus on hospital disaster preparedness in the United States because of events that have occurred in the 21st century. To determine the current state of disaster preparedness among community hospitals, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted that focused on studies and other articles pertaining to disaster preparedness in U.S. community hospitals. The review showed mixed results as to whether hospitals are better prepared to handle disasters. Barriers to preparedness were identified. Opportunities for improvement may require additional study and involvement by federal and state governments, other agencies, and hospitals themselves to overcome barriers and assist hospitals in achieving a higher level of preparedness.

Community Hospital Disaster Preparedness in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 429-453
Author(s):  
Dan J. Vick ◽  
Asa B. Wilson ◽  
Michael Fisher ◽  
Carrie Roseamelia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Hospital Disaster Preparedness

Disasters are common events in the United States. They generally result in casualties and community hospitals play a critical role in caring for these victims. Therefore, it is critical that hospitals are prepared for disasters. There has been increased focus on hospital disaster preparedness in the United States because of events that have occurred in the 21st century. To determine the current state of disaster preparedness among community hospitals, a comprehensive review of the literature was conducted that focused on studies and other articles pertaining to disaster preparedness in U.S. community hospitals. The review showed mixed results as to whether hospitals are better prepared to handle disasters. Barriers to preparedness were identified. Opportunities for improvement may require additional study and involvement by federal and state governments, other agencies, and hospitals themselves to overcome barriers and assist hospitals in achieving a higher level of preparedness.

The Political Economy of Religion and Social Insurance in the United States, 1910–1939

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Scheve ◽  
David Stasavage
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Individual Preferences

There are few scholars who would disagree with the proposition that individual economic position and economic risk play a critical role in shaping preferences for income redistribution and social insurance. There is less consensus, however, about the extent to which non-economic factors also influence individual preferences regarding social insurance provision. A number of scholars have examined how issues of race and identity have influenced the development of social insurance programs in the United States, as well as individual attitudes with respect to these programs. In a theoretical context, other authors have considered how attitudes toward income redistribution might also depend upon psychological dispositions such as the “belief in a just world.” In this article, we focus on religiosity as an important factor that can shape both individual preferences and policy outcomes regarding social insurance in the United States. To do so, we develop an argument about religion and social insurance as substitutes that draws both on existing work on the political economy of social insurance and on findings in social psychology regarding what we call the “coping effect” of religion. We test our hypothesis using historical evidence from two early social insurance policies: workers’ compensation legislation enacted by state governments between 1910 and 1930 and New Deal unemployment relief.

Process analysis of procalcitonin monitoring within community hospitals

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (8) ◽  
pp. 632-635
Author(s):  
Kelsey Peña ◽  
Mandelin Cooper ◽  
Nickie Greer ◽  
Ty Elders ◽  
Edward Septimus
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Community Hospitals ◽  
Current State ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Peak Value

Abstract Purpose Monitoring of procalcitonin (PCT) levels may support appropriate antibiotic discontinuation. The purpose of this study was to determine the current state of PCT monitoring at community hospitals across the United States. Methods Data from adult patients who were admitted to community hospitals affiliated with a large healthcare system between August 1, 2016, and July 31, 2017, and who received antibiotics were evaluated for the number of PCT levels drawn and the timing between multiple levels. Data from eligible patients were evaluated for the discontinuation of antibiotics after meeting prespecified PCT thresholds for discontinuation of therapy, namely, a PCT measurement of <0.5 μg/L or a decrease of ≥80% from a previous peak value. Results PCT levels were evaluated for 103,913 patient data sets collected from 136 hospitals. Of these, 70% of the data sets showed a single PCT level drawn, and approximately 30% (30,887) of the data sets showed multiple levels drawn. The first PCT measurement was drawn within 36 hours of antibiotic initiation in 96% of the patients. Of those with multiple levels, 23% (7,089) had levels drawn 24 to 72 hours apart. A small proportion (20% [6,127]) of the patients with multiple levels were eligible for evaluation of appropriate antibiotic discontinuation. Of these, 1,973 (32.2%) patients had antibiotics discontinued within 36 hours of meeting the prespecified PCT thresholds; these patients had a mean duration of antibiotic therapy of 6.1 days with a median of 4.7. Conclusion Additional standardization of ongoing PCT monitoring and education regarding the appropriate discontinuation of antibiotics when thresholds are reached could aid in the use of this biomarker in support of antibiotic and laboratory stewardship.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Robert DiYanni ◽  
Anton Borst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Student Demographics ◽  
Current State ◽  
Significant Research ◽  
Current Student

This introductory chapter takes a look at the current state of college teaching in the United States. It first embarks on a review of the literature dedicated to exploring the serious challenges faced by higher education in the United States. From there, the chapter links scholarship to teaching and discusses further significant research about teaching practices that can lead to deeper and more enduring student learning. Next, the chapter addresses the current student demographics in colleges and universities today, tackling challenges related to a growing diversity of students on campus. Finally, the chapter describes the workshops, research, and advocacy which has shaped the ideas formed in this book. It briefly explores the extent of teaching recommendations and reflections on the art and science of teaching and learning.

Building America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean H. Baker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Early American ◽  
Transatlantic Exchange ◽  
The Us ◽  
Private Homes

Building America: The Life of Benjamin Henry Latrobe is a biography of America’s first professionally trained architect and engineer. Born in 1764, Latrobe was raised in Moravian communities in England and Germany. His parents expected him to follow his father and brother into the ministry, but he rebelled against the church. Moved to London, he studied architecture and engineering. In 1795 he emigrated to the United States and became part of the period’s Transatlantic Exchange. Latrobe soon was famous for his neoclassical architecture, designing important buildings, including the US Capitol and Baltimore Basilica as well as private homes. Carpenters and millwrights who built structures more cheaply and less permanently than Latrobe challenged his efforts to establish architecture as a profession. Rarely during his twenty-five years in the United States was he financially secure, and when he was, he speculated on risky ventures that lost money. He declared bankruptcy in 1817 and moved to New Orleans, the sixth American city that he lived in, hoping to recoup his finances by installing a municipal water system. He died there of yellow fever in 1820. The themes that emerge in this biography are the critical role Latrobe played in the culture of the early republic through his buildings and his genius in neoclassical design. Like the nation’s political founders, Latrobe was committed to creating an exceptional nation, expressed in his case by buildings and internal improvements. Additionally, given the extensive primary sources available for this biography, an examination of his life reveals early American attitudes toward class, family, and religion.

scholarly journals Ice-Breaking Fleets of the United States and Canada: Assessing the Current State of Affairs and Future Plans

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Megan Drewniak ◽  
Dimitrios Dalaklis ◽  
Anastasia Christodoulou ◽  
Rebecca Sheehan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Maritime Transportation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Polar Ice ◽  
Northwest Passage ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Ice Coverage ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of Affairs

In recent years, a continuous decline of ice-coverage in the Arctic has been recorded, but these high latitudes are still dominated by earth’s polar ice cap. Therefore, safe and sustainable shipping operations in this still frozen region have as a precondition the availability of ice-breaking support. The analysis in hand provides an assessment of the United States’ and Canada’s polar ice-breaking program with the purpose of examining to what extent these countries’ relevant resources are able to meet the facilitated growth of industrial interests in the High North. This assessment will specifically focus on the maritime transportation sector along the Northwest Passage and consists of four main sections. The first provides a very brief description of the main Arctic passages. The second section specifically explores the current situation of the Northwest Passage, including the relevant navigational challenges, lack of infrastructure, available routes that may be used for transit, potential choke points, and current state of vessel activity along these routes. The third one examines the economic viability of the Northwest Passage compared to that of the Panama Canal; the fourth and final section is investigating the current and future capabilities of the United States’ and Canada’s ice-breaking fleet. Unfortunately, both countries were found to be lacking the necessary assets with ice-breaking capabilities and will need to accelerate their efforts in order to effectively respond to the growing needs of the Arctic. The total number of available ice-breaking assets is impacting negatively the level of support by the marine transportation system of both the United States and Canada; these two countries are facing the possibility to be unable to effectively meet the expected future needs because of the lengthy acquisition and production process required for new ice-breaking fleets.

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