Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Board Particles

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-75
Author(s):  
Şule Atasever ◽  
Pınar A. Bozkurt ◽  
Muammer Canel
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Apparatus ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Apparatus And Instruments

Electrical and electronic apparatus and instruments which are obsolete value in use or completion of the life can be defined as e-waste. E-waste is one of the fastest growing types of hazardous waste. Printed circuit boards a major component of this waste. In this study, printed circuit board particles of mobile phone (MPCB) were used as electronic waste. MPCB waste was obtained from a local electronic waste factory. The elemental analysis and ICP-MS analysis were performed on these electronic wastes and thereafter pyrolysis runs were carried out between 500 and 900°C in a horizontal furnace. The liquid yields were determined and compared at different temperatures.

Research on Liberation Mechanism of the Impact Crushing Waste Printed Circuit Board

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 730-734 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Long Duan ◽  
Yue Min Zhao ◽  
Jing Feng He ◽  
Nian Xin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Distribution Model ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Impact Crushing ◽  
The Impact

The reutilization of waste Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) is a focused topic in the field of environment protection and resource recycling, and the crushing is the crucial process for recycling waste PCB. A hamper impacting crusher was used to achieve metals crushing liberation from non-metals, the liberation mechanism of PCB can be explained by dispersion liberation accompanied disengaging liberation. The Rosin-Rammler distribution model of crushed PCB particle was put forward. The evaluation indexes show that Rosin-Rammler function can accurately describe size distribution of PCB particles because the convergence property R2 is 0.99694 and fitting error E is 4.80658. The selective crushing is appearance with metals concentrated in coarser fraction and non-metals in finer size during comminution processing. The impact crushing is an effective method to metals liberation of PCB particles.

scholarly journals Co-Pyrolysis of Waste Printed Circuit Boards With Iron Compounds for Br-Fixing and Material Recovery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifang Chen ◽  
Yongkai Shu ◽  
Yonglun Li ◽  
Yanjun Chen ◽  
Jianbo Wei
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxides ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Board

Abstract Waste printed circuit board was co-pyrolyzed with iron oxides and iron salts. Solid, liquid and gaseous products were collected and characterized. Co-pyrolysis with FeCl2, FeCl3 or FeSO4 was able to increase the yield of liquid product which was rich in phenol and its homologues. Also, the addition of co-pyrolysis reagents reduced the release of brominated organics to liquid as Br was either fixed as FeBr3 in solids or released as HBr. In particular, FeCl2 showed the best ability to reduce the release of Br-containing organics to liquid compared with FeCl3 and FeSO4. Solid residuals were rich in iron oxides, glass fibers and charred organics with surface areas of 20.6-26.5 m2/g. CO2 together with a small amount of CH4 and H2 were detected in the gaseous products. Overall, co-pyrolysis could improve the quantity and quality of liquid oil which could be reused as chemical or energy sources. Pyrolysis of waste printed circuit board was promising as a method for recycling.

scholarly journals Composites of Styrene-Butadiene Block Copolymer Reinforced with Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCB)

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Paul Ghioca ◽  
Madalina Elena David ◽  
Mircea Ioan Filipescu ◽  
Ramona Marina Grigorescu ◽  
Lorena Iancu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Organic Part ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

The organic part of the waste printed circuit board (WPCB) contains mainly epoxy resin, fiberglass and brominated flame retardants, a composition that makes it quite difficult to reuse [1,2]. [...]

Study on the Promotion Effect of Microwave-Metal Discharge on the Microwave Pyrolysis of Electronic Waste

2015 ◽  
Vol 1088 ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Sun ◽  
Wen Long Wang ◽  
Chun Yuan Ma ◽  
Qin Yan Yue
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Microwave Pyrolysis ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Metal Discharge ◽  
In The Beginning

This paper discussed the role of microwave-metal discharge on the microwave induced pyrolysis of electronic waste. Two kinds of waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) were selected as the representatives of electronic waste and their pyrolysis processes under both conventional and microwave heating schemes were studied comparatively to reveal the effect of metal discharge. The copper-clad laminated printed circuit board (PCB) is deficient in absorbing microwaves, leading to inefficient microwave pyrolysis of this kind of electronic waste. The discharge caused by introducing metalliferous materials with metal tips or corners in the electromagnetic fields can result in high local temperature and complement the deficiency in the microwave absorption. The pyrolytic process can be promoted greatly by the thermal effect of discharge in the beginning and the enhanced consequent wave-absorption capacity as a result of the generated pyrolytic coke.

scholarly journals Estimating Recycling Return of Integrated Circuits Using Computer Vision on Printed Circuit Boards

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2808
Author(s):  
Leandro H. de S. Silva ◽  
Agostinho A. F. Júnior ◽  
George O. A. Azevedo ◽  
Sergio C. Oliveira ◽  
Bruno J. T. Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Decision Criterion ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Printed Circuit

The technological growth of the last decades has brought many improvements in daily life, but also concerns on how to deal with electronic waste. Electrical and electronic equipment waste is the fastest-growing rate in the industrialized world. One of the elements of electronic equipment is the printed circuit board (PCB) and almost every electronic equipment has a PCB inside it. While waste PCB (WPCB) recycling may result in the recovery of potentially precious materials and the reuse of some components, it is a challenging task because its composition diversity requires a cautious pre-processing stage to achieve optimal recycling outcomes. Our research focused on proposing a method to evaluate the economic feasibility of recycling integrated circuits (ICs) from WPCB. The proposed method can help decide whether to dismantle a separate WPCB before the physical or mechanical recycling process and consists of estimating the IC area from a WPCB, calculating the IC’s weight using surface density, and estimating how much metal can be recovered by recycling those ICs. To estimate the IC area in a WPCB, we used a state-of-the-art object detection deep learning model (YOLO) and the PCB DSLR image dataset to detect the WPCB’s ICs. Regarding IC detection, the best result was obtained with the partitioned analysis of each image through a sliding window, thus creating new images of smaller dimensions, reaching 86.77% mAP. As a final result, we estimate that the Deep PCB Dataset has a total of 1079.18 g of ICs, from which it would be possible to recover at least 909.94 g of metals and silicon elements from all WPCBs’ ICs. Since there is a high variability in the compositions of WPCBs, it is possible to calculate the gross income for each WPCB and use it as a decision criterion for the type of pre-processing.

scholarly journals Optimization Studies on Recovery of Metals from Printed Circuit Board Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
D. Prabhakaran ◽  
M. Thirumarimurugan
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Lead Nitrate ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Copper Recovery ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Electrode Combination ◽  
Lead Metal

The aim of the study was to recover copper and lead metal from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The electrowinning method is found to be an effective recycling process to recover copper and lead metal from printed circuit board wastes. In order to simplify the process with affordable equipment, a simple ammonical leaching operation method was adopted. The selected PCBs were incinerated into fine ash powder at 500°C for 1 hour in the pyrolysis reactor. Then, the fine ash powder was subjected to acid-leaching process to recover the metals with varying conditions like acid-base concentration, electrode combination, and leaching time. The relative electrolysis solution of 0.1 M lead nitrate for lead and 0.1 M copper sulphate for copper was used to extract metals from PCBs at room temperature. The amount of lead and copper extracted from the process was determined by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and results found were 73.29% and 82.17%, respectively. Further, the optimum conditions for the recovery of metals were determined by using RSM software. The results showed that the percentage of lead and copper recovery were 78.25% and 89.1% should be 4 hrs 10 A/dm2.

scholarly journals Behavior of Waste Printed Circuit Board (WPCB) Materials in the Copper Matte Smelting Process

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingbang Wan ◽  
Jani Fellman ◽  
Ari Jokilaakso ◽  
Lassi Klemettinen ◽  
Miikka Marjakoski
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Melting Behavior ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards

The amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in the world has grown rapidly during recent decades, and with the depletion of primary ores, there is urgent need for industries to study new sources for metals. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCB) are a part of WEEE, which have a higher concentration of copper and precious metals when compared to primary ore sources. PCB materials can be processed using pyrometallurgical routes, and some industrial processes, such as copper flash smelting, have utilized this type of waste in limited amounts for years. For the purpose of recycling these materials through smelting processes, this work studied the behavior of WPCB scrap when dropped on top of molten slag. A series of experiments was carried out during this research at a temperature of 1350 °C, in an inert atmosphere with different melting times. The time required for complete melting of the PCB pieces was 2–5 min, after which molten alloy droplets containing Cu, Pb, Sn, Ni, Au, and Ag formed and started descending toward the bottom of the crucible. The ceramic fraction of the PCB material mixed with slag and the polymer fraction was pyrolyzed during the high-temperature experiments. The results give an understanding of PCB melting behavior and their use as a part of the smelting furnace feed mixture. However, more research is needed to fully understand how the different elements affect the process as the amount of PCB in the feed increases. The physical behavior and distribution of PCB materials in fayalite slag during the smelting process are outlined, and the results of this work form a basis for future studies about the chemical reaction behavior and kinetics when PCB materials are introduced into the copper smelting process.

Analysis of rejects from waste printed circuit board processing as an alternative fuel for the cement industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2095284
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Maria E Holuszko ◽  
Travis Janke
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit

Waste Printed circuit boards (PCBs) are one of the most valuable and recycled components of electronic waste due to the presence of precious metals such as copper, silver, gold and palladium. The rejects of the PCB recycling process, named non-metal fraction (NMF) have continuously been sent to landfills. Several researchers have proposed alternative use of NMF as secondary materials such as fillers in composites or as adsorbent. This study is focused on the potential application of the PCB recycling rejects as waste-derived fuel or alternative fuel in the cement industry. Approximately 2 million metric tonnes (Mt) of this waste was produced in 2014 globally and estimated to reach 6.5 million Mt in 2050. The presence of high organic matter in the NMF renders it useful as an alternative fuel. The organic content of the NMF could also potentially be increased using gravity separation and thus increasing its net calorific value. The study showed that the NMF could provide up to 21 MJ kg-1 of heating value with low heavy metal and ash concentration. A comparison with other waste-derived fuel sources is also presented in the paper.

Design and Fabrication of Riot Shield from E-Waste Printed Circuit Board

2015 ◽  
Vol 787 ◽  
pp. 18-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
G. Ranganath ◽  
S.N. Mani Varmaa ◽  
S. Shylin H. Jose ◽  
M. Sakthivel
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Material Strength ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Edax Analysis ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Waste Pcbs ◽  
Recycling Technique

Recycling of Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) has been carried out by powdering it into granular size of less than 10 microns. The properties of PCB reveal that it possesses density of 1.3 g/cm3 and Tensile Strength of 310 MPa which is comparatively high when compared to the Polycarbonate material which is normally used in the fabrication of Riot shield. The PCB material was subjected to SEM and EDAX analysis for determining their structure, porosity and material composition. Riot shield fabricated from PCB reduces the environmental effects of E-waste PCBs by the recycling technique, improves the material strength and reduces the weight and cost to a larger extent.

Comparison of Leaching Processes of Gold and Copper from Printed Circuit Boards of Waste Mobile Phone

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2743-2746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Yin ◽  
Si Hui Zhan ◽  
He Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Optimal Choice ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Printed Circuit

Waste mobile phone has become the largest number of electronic waste, and recycling of metals from mobile phone would ensure resource recycling and reduce environmental degradation. Based on the contents of metals analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), containing copper and precious metals such as gold, the paper compared the extraction processes of gold, copper from waste mobile phone printed circuit board (PCB). In this study, two processes, nitric acid and thiourea (NT), sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide and iodine (SAHPI) were used to leach copper and gold, respectively. The recovery rate of copper was found to be 96.42%, and 94.3% of the gold was leached in the former process. Similar trends were obtained for the leaching of copper and gold in the latter process, but it was lower that about 95.27% of copper was recycled, while 93.4% of gold were leached. Both the two processes were nontoxic and non-cyanide system. However, thiourea is not stable and easy to decompose in alkaline solution, and the technology has disadvantage of instability. Iodine leaching on the other hand is comparatively a environmental process. Therefore, the optimal choice is the combined process of SAHPI method, while further research is required to develop cost effective and environmentally friendly processes.

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