A Review on Energy Optimization in Location-Based Services for 5G and IoT Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-35
Author(s):  
S. P. Shiva Prakash ◽  
Varsha V.
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Location Based Services ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
Channel Access Control

Fifth generation mobile technology (5G) targets to meet user demands in terms of improved capability, increased data rate, and best value of service. In order to meet these demands, the 5G technology applies massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and device-to-device communication (D2D). Also, by making use of location-based services (LBS), it provides value-added services to the users including methods to overcome the energy depletion in the network. The authors discuss the internet of things and its potential to offer novel solutions. Media access control (MAC) sub-layer offers and channel access control mechanisms will enable various terminals or network nodes to interact in a network and prevent collisions. Here, the authors present a complete review related to developing and enabling technologies with the key focus on 5G mobile networks and supporting the growth in traffic for enabling IoT.

IEEE 802.11 Tutorial

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiramat
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Ieee 802.11 ◽  
Wireless Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area Network ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Physical Layer ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Computer Communications

IEEE 802.11 is a set of media access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for implementing wireless local area network (WLAN) computer communications. Maintained by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) LAN/MAN Standards Committee (IEEE 802). This document highlights the main features of IEEE 802.11n variant such as MIMO, frame aggregation and beamforming along with the problems in this variant and their solutions

Media Access Control Protocol with Differential Service in Aeronautical Frequency-Hopping Ad Hoc Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 2214-2225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye-Qun WANG ◽  
Feng YANG ◽  
Guo-Ce HUANG ◽  
Heng-Yang ZHANG ◽  
Jian-Xin GUO
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Frequency Hopping ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Control Protocol ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Media Access Control Protocol

scholarly journals Study of 5G-NR-MIMO Links in the Presence of an Interferer

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Avner Elgam ◽  
Yael Balal ◽  
Yosef Pinhasi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Diversity Coding ◽  
Shift Keying ◽  
Input Multiple Output

Many communication systems are based on the Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) scheme, and Orthogonal Space–time Block Transmit diversity Coding (OSTBC), combined with Maximal Ratio Receive Combining (MRRC), to create an optimal diversity system. A system with optimal diversity fixes and optimizes the channel’s effects under multi-path and Rayleigh fading with maximum energy efficiency; however, the challenge does not end with dealing with the channel destruction of the multi-path impacts. Susceptibility to interference is a significant vulnerability in future wireless mobile networks. The 5th Generation New Radio (5G-NR) technologies bring hundreds of small cells and pieces of User Equipment (UE) per indoor or outdoor local area scenario under a specific Long Term Evolution (LTE)-based station (e-NodeB), or under 5G-NR base-station (g-NodeB). It is necessary to study issues that deal with many interference signals, and smart jammers from advanced communication equipment cause deterioration in the links between the UE, the small cells, and the NodeB. In this paper, we study and present the significant impact and performances of 2×2 Alamouti Phase-Shift Keying (PSK) modulation techniques in the presence of an interferer and a smart jammer. The destructive effects affecting the MIMO array and the advanced diversity technique without closed-loop MIMO are analyzed. The performance is evaluated in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) vs. Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR). In addition, we proved the impairment of the orthogonal spectrum assumption mathematically.

Media access control manner with QoS for control network

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhaoming ◽  
Sun Hexu ◽  
Liu Zuojun ◽  
Liang Tao
Keyword(s):  
Access Control ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Media Access ◽  
Control Manner

scholarly journals Genetic Algorithm-Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Guo ◽  
Behrooz Makki ◽  
Tommy Svensson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Hardware Impairments ◽  
Mimo Networks ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Input Multiple Output ◽  
High Carrier

Initial access (IA) is identified as a key challenge for the upcoming 5G mobile communication system operating at high carrier frequencies, and several techniques are currently being proposed. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm- (GA-) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas/users/per-user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA-based approach performs well in delay-constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state-of-the-art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage-constrained end-to-end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users’ mobility into account, our GA-based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.

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