Biomedical Instrumentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Anesthesia Machine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Wearable Systems ◽  
Heart Lung Machine ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

This paper covers the measurement of biopotentials for diagnosis: the electrical voltages that can be measured from electrodes placed on the skin or within the body. Biopotentials include: the electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocortogram (ECoG), electromyogram (EMG), electroneurogram (ENG), electrogastrogram (EGG), action potential (AP), electroretinogram (ERG), electro-oculogram (EOG). This paper also covers skin conductance, pulse oximeters, urology, wearable systems and important therapeutic devices such as: the artificial cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, cochlear implant, hemodialysis, lithotripsy, ventilator, anesthesia machine, heart-lung machine, infant incubator, infusion pumps, electrosurgery, tissue ablation, and medical imaging. It concludes by covering electrical safety. It provides future subjects for research such as a blood glucose sensor and a permanently implanted intracranial pressure sensor.

Biomedical Instrumentation

2013 ◽  
pp. 339-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Anesthesia Machine ◽  
Electrical Safety ◽  
Biomedical Instrumentation ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Heart Lung Machine ◽  
Infant Incubator ◽  
Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Pulse Oximeters

Biomedical instrumentation is widely used in healthcare to monitor patients, diagnose and treat various pathologies, and advance biomedical engineering research. This chapter covers the measurement of biopotentials for diagnosis, including the electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram, electrocorticogram, electromyogram, electroneurogram, electrogastrogram, action potential, electroretinogram, and electro-oculogram. Pulse oximeters are also covered along with important therapeutic devices such as the artificial cardiac pacemaker, defibrillator, cochlear implant, lithotripsy, ventilator, anesthesia machine, heart-lung machine, infant incubator, electrosurgery, and tissue ablation. The chapter concludes by covering electrical safety, providing future subjects for research such as a blood glucose sensor, and a permanently implanted intracranial pressure sensor, and describing the major organizations that promote the field of Biomedical Instrumentation.

scholarly journals Self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system with triboelectric nanogenerators

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanjun Ryu ◽  
Hyun-moon Park ◽  
Moo-Kang Kim ◽  
Bosung Kim ◽  
Hyoun Seok Myoung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Motion ◽  
Triboelectric Nanogenerator ◽  
Implantable Medical Devices ◽  
Energy Harvesters

AbstractSelf-powered implantable devices have the potential to extend device operation time inside the body and reduce the necessity for high-risk repeated surgery. Without the technological innovation of in vivo energy harvesters driven by biomechanical energy, energy harvesters are insufficient and inconvenient to power titanium-packaged implantable medical devices. Here, we report on a commercial coin battery-sized high-performance inertia-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (I-TENG) based on body motion and gravity. We demonstrate that the enclosed five-stacked I-TENG converts mechanical energy into electricity at 4.9 μW/cm3 (root-mean-square output). In a preclinical test, we show that the device successfully harvests energy using real-time output voltage data monitored via Bluetooth and demonstrate the ability to charge a lithium-ion battery. Furthermore, we successfully integrate a cardiac pacemaker with the I-TENG, and confirm the ventricle pacing and sensing operation mode of the self-rechargeable cardiac pacemaker system. This proof-of-concept device may lead to the development of new self-rechargeable implantable medical devices.

Non-Invasive Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring System

2017 ◽  
pp. 174-194
Author(s):  
Harinderjit Singh ◽  
Dilip Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Pulse Transit Time ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inflatable Cuff ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Cuffless Blood Pressure ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

These days most of the Blood Pressure (BP) measuring devices are having inflatable cuff that is needed to be occluded on the patient's arm for measuring blood pressure. This technique is not suitable in cases where continuous measurement of BP is required. Therefore, this work is aimed at designing of non-invasive and continuously monitors the blood pressure by using Pulse Transit Time (PTT) technique. For taking out PTT both of the signals are extracted from the body of the patient with the help of bio sensors i.e. Electrocardiogram (ECG) sensor and Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensor. PTT was measured by taking the peak to peak time difference of ECG signal and PPG signal and this PTT is indirectly correlated with blood pressure, based on which Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) and Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) is calculated.

Houston: 1956–1960

2019 ◽  
pp. 329-385
Author(s):  
Craig A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Heart Lung Machine ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
New Surgery ◽  
New Instruments

DeBakey and his team conquer aortic aneurysms in the chest, as well as occluded arteries throughout the body. The Baylor team invents and perfects new instruments and prosthetic arterial substitutes, transforming the practice of vascular surgery. With the new heart-lung machine the Houston group enthusiastically embraces open-heart surgery. The demanding Baylor surgery residency develops. DeBakey becomes a key member of the Second Hoover Commission, which helps establish the National Library of Medicine. DeBakey begins to spread the word of the new surgery by visiting centers worldwide, including in the Soviet Union at the height of the Cold War.

scholarly journals Wearable Measurement of ECG Signals Based on Smart Clothing

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Li ◽  
Wei Xiong ◽  
Yongjian Li
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Differential Signal ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Smart Clothing ◽  
Textile Electrodes ◽  
Volume Conductor Model ◽  
Body Surface Potential ◽  
Potential Mapping ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg

Smart clothing that can measure electrocardiogram (ECG) signals and monitor the health status of people meets the needs of our increasingly aging society. However, the conventional measurement of ECG signals is complicated and its electrodes can cause irritation to the skin, which makes the conventional measurement method unsuitable for applications in smart clothing. In this paper, a novel wearable measurement of ECG signals is proposed. There are only three ECG textile electrodes knitted into the fabric of smart clothing. The acquired ECG signals can be transmitted to a smartphone via Bluetooth, and they can also be sent out to a PC terminal by a smartphone via WiFi or Internet. To get more significant ECG signals, the ECG differential signal between two electrodes is calculated based on a spherical volume conductor model, and the best positions on the surface of a human body for two textile electrodes to measure ECG signals are simulated by using the body-surface potential mapping (BSPM) data. The results show that position 12 in the lower right and position 11 in the upper left of the human body are the best for the two electrodes to measure ECG signals, and the presented wearable measurement can obtain good performance when one person is under the conditions of sleeping and jogging.

scholarly journals Effect of isometric handgrip exercise on left ventricular function in the patient with artificial cardiac pacemaker.

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (8) ◽  
pp. 855-861
Author(s):  
YUICHIRO MATSUURA ◽  
MUTSUO TAMURA ◽  
HIDEKI YAMASHITA ◽  
ITSUO TAKIZAWA ◽  
YOSHITAKA SEKIGUCHI
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Function ◽  
Ventricular Function ◽  
Cardiac Pacemaker ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Isometric Handgrip Exercise ◽  
Artificial Cardiac Pacemaker

scholarly journals Interstitial Glucose and Lactate Levels Are Inversely Correlated With the Body Mass Index: Need for In Vivo Calibration of Glucose Sensor Results With Blood Values in Obese Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Enderle ◽  
Isabella Moser ◽  
Cecil Kannan ◽  
Karl Otfried Schwab ◽  
Gerald Urban
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Sensor ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Interstitial Glucose ◽  
Lactate Levels ◽  
In Vivo Calibration

Background: Continuously measured glucose and lactate levels in interstitial fluid (ISF) may markedly differ from their respective blood levels. Methods: Combining microdialysis with a bioanalytical microsystem, the interstitial glucose and lactate concentrations of eight male volunteers with different body mass index (BMI) were monitored during a 2-fold glucose tolerance test over the period of three hours. Results: Significant correlations were found between abdominally measured sensor results and reference measurements ( R2 = .967 for glucose and R2 = .936 for lactate, P < .05). The physiological delay of the abdominally observed glucose appearance in the ISF correlated positively with the BMI ( R2 = .787, P < .05). The relative in vivo recovery of glucose and lactate was inversely proportional to the BMI of the volunteers ( R2 = .540 for glucose, R2 = .609 for lactate, P < .05). One subject with a BMI of > 34 kg/m2 showed abdominally as well as the antebrachially significantly reduced tissue glucose values compared to blood glucose values ( P < .001). Conclusions: A very good correlation between abdominally measured sensor results and the results of the reference method verified the reliability of the BioMEMS. The abdominally measured glucose level in ISF decreased significantly with increasing BMI. Therefore, an in vivo calibration of glucose levels in ISF with blood levels seems to be necessary especially in markedly obese subjects.

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