scholarly journals Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Alex Kizito ◽  
Agnes Rwashana Semwanga
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Synthesis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Synthesis Methodology

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.

scholarly journals Road Transport Accidents in Nigeria and the Role of Automotive Active Safety System

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Olasunkanmi Oriola Akinyemi ◽  
Hezekiah O Adeyemi ◽  
Olusegun Jinadu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Abstract Analysis of road traffic accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries. This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Office of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffic safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.

scholarly journals Willingness-To-Pay for Estimation the Risk Pedestrian Group Accident Cost

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1064-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chompoonut Puttawong ◽  
Preeda Chaturabong
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Statistical Life ◽  
Perception Of Safety ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Pedestrian Injury ◽  
The Cost

The proven willingness-to-pay with contingent valuation (WTP-CV) method is an effective tool for evaluating the cost of road accidents in many countries. In Thailand, the most fatalities on Thailand’s roads involve the vulnerable road users (VRUs) including motorcycle users, bicyclists, and pedestrians. With the effectiveness of using WTP-CV in analyzing the accident cost of motorcycle users and lack of specific accident cost for pedestrians, this research focuses on evaluating the accident cost on the pedestrians which is the second most VRU fatality. In this research, the road accident cost of pedestrians aged 15-39 years in Bangkok by WTP-CV method was determined. The WTP-CV questionnaire was employed as a tool to measure the payment of which each pedestrian is willing to pay to reduce the fatality and injury risk from road accidents. One thousand and two hundred pedestrians in Bangkok were interviewed. With the results, the value of statistical life (VOSL) for pedestrians in Bangkok is valued at US$ 0.43 million, while the value of statistical injury (VOSI) is estimated at about US$ 0.014 million, respectively. In addition, it is found from the regression analysis that for the fatality risk reduction, higher educational levels and private business pedestrians are likely to pay more to save their lives. In order to reduce the risk of injury, respondents, who are single in marriage status, are likely to pay more to reduce the risk of pedestrian injury. However, a high perception of safety is less likely to pay for the reduction of injury risk.

scholarly journals Modelling road traffic safety indices by means of regression with panel data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup ◽  
Marzena Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Indices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although the occurrence of road accidents and the number of road accident casualties in almost all Polish voivodeships has decreased over the last few years, the rate of this change varies considerably from region to region. To provide a better understanding of such a tendency, panel data regression models are proposed to conduct this pilot research which evaluates the relative performance of Polish regions in terms of their road traffic safety. Panel data are multi-dimensional data which involve measurements over time. In the research, a voivodeship is a unit analysed at a group level, whereas a year is a unit analysed at a time level. A two-way error component regression model has been applied to survey the impact of regressors, the group effects, and time effects on a dependent variable. The analysis has been conducted using data acquired from the Statistics Poland Local Data Bank website, as well as from the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways. The panel data from 16 regions in Poland and the 2012–2018 period have been investigated. The examined models refer to road traffic safety indices defined based on the following characteristics: the number of road accidents, the number road fatalities, and the number of people injured. The results of all the three models indicate a negative effect as regards the GDP per capita, (car) motorisation rate, the indicator of government expenditure for current maintenance of national roads, and the road length per capita. A positive association has been found between the truck motorisation rate and the indicator of local government expenditure on roads. The impact of the region's urbanisation indicators on road safety is ambiguous as, on the one hand, its increase causes a reduction in the road accident and accident injury indices, but, on the other hand, it produces a rise in the accident fatality index. In the models, the significance of time effects has been identified; a decreasing time trend suggests a general improvement in road safety from year to year. Most of the group effects have turned out to be highly significant. However, the effects differ as regards both the road accident and the accident injury indices in magnitude and direction.

scholarly journals Prioritization of Black Spots in Hilly Road Segment using Road Engineering Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 4418-4422
Keyword(s):  
Black Spot ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Engineering ◽  
The Road ◽  
Black Spots ◽  
Accident Data ◽  
On The Road

Road accidents are one of the causes of disability, injury and death. As per the latest road accident data released by the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH), the total number of accidents increased by 2.5 percent from 4,89,400 in 2014 to 5,01,423 in 2015. The analysis reveals that about 1,374 accidents and 400 deaths take place every day. Every single year, it has been estimated that over three lakh persons die and 10-15 million persons are injured in road accidents throughout the world. According to the analyses, statistics of global accident indicate that in developing countries, the rate of fatality per licensed vehicle is very high as compared to that of industrialized countries. A road stretch of about 500 metres in length in which either ten fatalities or five road accidents (involving grievous injuries/fatalities) took place during last three calendar years, on National Highways is considered as a road accident black spot according to MoRTH, Government of India. In the present study the identified black spots of Haridwar and Dehradun city were included comprising of a total of 81 black spots out of which there were 49 black spots which were identified in Dehradun followed by 32 black spots in Haridwar. The present study was an attempt to carry out the prioritization of these identified blackspots with respect to the factors that were considered to evaluate accident prone locations on the road. The identified black spots were then prioritized using the classification scheme (ranking from low to high).The study reveals that the advantage of using this approach for prioritizing accident black spots on roads is that it requires very less additional data other than the road network maps.

scholarly journals Traffic Calming Measures: An Evaluation of the Effect on Driving Speed

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Donatas Čygas ◽  
Vilma Jasiūnienė ◽  
Laura Jateikienė ◽  
Tadas Andriejauskas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Probability ◽  
Driving Speed

Road accidents are one of the leading causes of death in the world, particularly among young people. Excessive speed is one of the main risk factors in road traffic safety, increasing accident probability and affecting accident severity. Experimental research of the traffic calming measures allocation effect on the driving speed is presented in this paper. The research has been carried out on two aspects. The first one with respect to the mean speed and the second one regarding instantaneous speed. However, the paper is not only restricted by the above research. Standardized survey interview and questioning, a survey of public opinion, was carried out to find out the road users’ opinions about the need for traffic calming measures and speed control measures. Finally, the authors presented their insights and recommendations for the installation of speed humps and gateways and their optimum spacing.

scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPROPER ARRANGEMENT OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCURRENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
V. Olkhov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Road

The daunting issues arising at experts and forensic bodies when appointing and conducting comprehensive road and pavement forensic investigation and road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) are considered. Types of traffic accidents provided by the statistics of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of road accidents with victims committed in conditions of the road and settlements streets unsatisfactory state is defined.   More and more judicial and investigative bodies turn to forensic science institutes, in particular to KhRIFE, in order to determine whether the improper design of the road network affected the occurrence of an accident. In other words, the questions not only on the establishment of improper design of the road section where the accident occurred, but also on the existence of cause and effect relationship between the identified discrepancies and the accident are advanced for examination. The study of the above issues belongs to the forensic specialty 10.16 Road and Pavement Forensic Investigation. The demand for forensic research of improper design of the road network and the causes of accidents are constantly growing. At the same time, the practice of conducting road and pavement forensic investigation, namely the analysis of the materials provided for the study, shows that most criminal proceedings are investigated both while pre-trial investigation and in court for violation of traffic safety rules or transport operation by persons who drive vehicles. In the statistical report of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine, the data of road accidents are not classified as those that arose due to improper condition of roads and streets of settlements, and when conducting road and pavement forensic investigation it is established that improper design of the road network is in cause and effect relationship with the occurrence of an accident from a technical point of view.

scholarly journals Accident Severity in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12s3) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
The Other ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Transportation Services ◽  
The Road ◽  
Accident Severity

Among all the transportation services available, road transport is one of the most important services available. It acts as a feeder for the other services. According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, the road transport amounts to the traffic of about 87% related to the passenger and 60% related to the freight. Now, there is another field, where road transport is among the top list and that field is of road accidents. In 2016, about 150785 people died in road accidents. And as the population is increasing, there is also an increase in the rate of road accidents. So, it is vital to analyze the data of road accidents for future predictions and thereby developing proper measures for this increasing rate. Many factorsresult in accidents and many cases might not have been recorded. So, the available data may not be consistent, but the data is gathered mainly from the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways and then the information was extracted from that data. This information is used for the statistical analysis for the prediction of a future road accident or accident severity.

scholarly journals Brainy Road Accident Mitigation System

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VIII) ◽  
pp. 249-251
Author(s):  
Dr. B. M. Vidyavathi
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Crashes ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Crash ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The City

Many precious lives are lost due to road accidents because of over speeding and negligent driving every day. This is the matter of great concern for departments that deal with road safety and for the citizens. It is estimated that 80% of crashes and 65% of near collisions are due to driver’s lack of attention to traffic for three seconds before the event. The number of road crash deaths has increased by 31% from 2007 to 2017. As per the survey on the road accidents in India, according to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, 1, 50,785 people were killed and another 4, 94,624 were injured in 4, 80,652 road crashes in India in 2016. Now day’s accidents are taking place at large scale. Majority of the accidents occurs due to the over speeding of vehicles, though there are speed limiting boards placed at the roadside of highways also at the road side in the city. But none of vehicles (drivers) follows the speed mentioned in the speed limit boards, due to which accidents occurs.

scholarly journals THE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATION OF ROAD ACCIDENT COSTS

Transport ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saugirdas Pukalskas ◽  
Robertas Pečeliūnas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
The Road ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Precise Assessment

The presented methodology for accounting the costs caused by road accidents is based on the fact that a person who died or was injured in a traffic accident will not contribute to the economic wealfare of the country anymore or his/her contribution will reduce. Broken vehicles, damaged cargoes or defected road constructions cause huge losses to the state. A financial assessment of material losses caused by road accidents enables providing a feasibility report in respect of efficiency of newly introduced traffic safety measures. The aim of the presented methodology is an establishment of the road accident costs that would conform to the todays economic level of Lithuania. The developed methodology for accounting road accident costs will enable more precise assessment of a necessity, perspectives and priorities of investment projects in the transport system as well as an accomplishment of funding allocation tasks.

scholarly journals LATEST ASSESSMENT OF TRAFFIC CONDITIONS ON ROADS «TRIAD OF TRAFFIC»

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (48) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Lanovoy O ◽  
◽  
Kyselov V ◽  
Vyhovska I ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Highway Network ◽  
Rational Management

The article explores the driving conditions for determining the demand of drivers of vehicles for the movement of roads, the road conditions of which should ensure this demand. The object of the study is automobile international and national transport corridors. When optimizing the management of the complex transport system «International, national and local traffic flows - Automotive International and National Transport Corridors» (MNMTP-AMNTC) can be sought to achieve different goals (criteria of optimality), and, depending on these goals, consider the different tasks of optimal management. On road transport, including in this concept of the system of communication routes (highways), the following tasks are the most important: ensuring the least time of communication at limited road costs; - ensuring the specified time of communication at the lowest road costs; - ensuring the lowest transport costs at a limited level of road costs; - ensuring the lowest road costs at a limited level of transport costs; - ensuring the maximum possible level of traffic safety at a limited level of road costs; - ensuring the required level of traffic safety at the lowest road costs; to achieve a minimum of road costs, provided that the specified volume of traffic (traffic), the specified speed and the necessary safety of traffic; ensuring maximum road capacity at a limited level of road costs. According to its parameters, the MMMTP-AMNTC refers to complex systems, the main characteristics of which are: efficiency indicator; stability; obstruction; Reliability. The newest approach of the «Traffic Triad» will allow to evaluate the functioning and ensure the rational management of any transport system with a focus on meeting the needs of users of highways - road users. KEYWORDS: HIGHWAY NETWORK, INTERNATIONAL, NATIONAL AND LOCAL TRAFFIC FLOWS, ROAD INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL TRANSPORT CORRIDORS.

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