scholarly journals ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IMPROPER ARRANGEMENT OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT FACILITIES AND TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS OCCURRENCE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
V. Olkhov
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Forensic Investigation ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Road

The daunting issues arising at experts and forensic bodies when appointing and conducting comprehensive road and pavement forensic investigation and road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) are considered. Types of traffic accidents provided by the statistics of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of road accidents with victims committed in conditions of the road and settlements streets unsatisfactory state is defined.   More and more judicial and investigative bodies turn to forensic science institutes, in particular to KhRIFE, in order to determine whether the improper design of the road network affected the occurrence of an accident. In other words, the questions not only on the establishment of improper design of the road section where the accident occurred, but also on the existence of cause and effect relationship between the identified discrepancies and the accident are advanced for examination. The study of the above issues belongs to the forensic specialty 10.16 Road and Pavement Forensic Investigation. The demand for forensic research of improper design of the road network and the causes of accidents are constantly growing. At the same time, the practice of conducting road and pavement forensic investigation, namely the analysis of the materials provided for the study, shows that most criminal proceedings are investigated both while pre-trial investigation and in court for violation of traffic safety rules or transport operation by persons who drive vehicles. In the statistical report of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine, the data of road accidents are not classified as those that arose due to improper condition of roads and streets of settlements, and when conducting road and pavement forensic investigation it is established that improper design of the road network is in cause and effect relationship with the occurrence of an accident from a technical point of view.

scholarly journals Road Traffic Safety Analysis Of Different Junction Types On The State Roads

2021 ◽  
Vol 1202 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
Valentina Amare ◽  
Juris Smirnovs
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Capacity ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The highest number of road accidents occurs at junctions. One of the aims of traffic organisation is to improve traffic safety in these areas. Based on a variety of indices – road capacity, points of conflict, number, and severity of road traffic accidents – different alternatives for junctions are evaluated. However, the road network has many junctions and roads serve to travel from point "A" to point "B" at a given time. Therefore, one of the most important tasks when addressing the issue of road safety is to find a rational way of improving the safety without losing the importance of the road. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of different junctions on the road network and basing on actual data develop a method for the evaluation of different types of junctions with respect to road class.

ACCIDENT ANALYSIS – THE WAY TO EFFECTIVE TRAFFIC SAFETY MANAGEMENT ON ROADS

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
Tetiana Bondar ◽  
Olga Belenchuk ◽  
Yevhen Tepliuk ◽  
Oleksandr Pyna
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

Road safety management begins with a detailed analysis of accidents, which is reflected in Article 24 of the Law of Ukraine “On Road Traffic” which states that when performing repairs and maintenance of roads, streets and railway crossings road maintenance organizations in the first place should take measures for road safety on the basis of accounting and analysis of road accidents, results of inspections and surveys of roads, streets and railway crossings, and especially in emergency and dangerous areas and in places of concentration of road accidents. The problem of reducing the accident rate and reducing the number of victims of road accidents during the maintenance of roads has so far been solved mainly by identifying areas (places) of concentration of accidents with the development of measures to improve road conditions and improve the organization of traffic on them and conducting annual commission spring and autumn inspections of the road network by representatives of road organizations and the police. However, the areas of concentration of road accidents were not fully covered on the road network of local significance due to the lack of accurate reference of the places of accident in the accident registration cards, as well as they were not identified on the streets and roads of cities and other settlements due to the absence of any criteria for their identification and therefore the maximum efficiency from introduction of management of sites (places) of concentration of road accident isn’t reached. The article analyzes the criteria for determining the areas of concentration of accidents on public roads in different periods, examines the dynamics of the number of areas of concentration of accidents and considers other modern opportunities for effective traffic safety management, in particular, inspection (inspection) of existing roads.

scholarly journals Road Transport Accidents in Nigeria and the Role of Automotive Active Safety System

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Olasunkanmi Oriola Akinyemi ◽  
Hezekiah O Adeyemi ◽  
Olusegun Jinadu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Road Traffic Safety

Abstract Analysis of road traffic accidents revealed that most accidents are as a result of drivers’ errors. Over the years, active safety systems (ASS) were devised in vehicle to reduce the high level of road accidents, caused by human errors, leading to death and injuries. This study however evaluated the impacts of ASS inclusions into vehicles in Nigeria road transportation network. The objectives was to measure how ASS contributed to making driving safer and enhanced transport safety. Road accident data were collected, for a period of eleven years, from Lagos State Ministry of Economic Planning and Budget, Central Office of Statistics. Quantitative analysis of the retrospective accident was conducted by computing the proportion of yearly number of vehicles involved in road accident to the total number of vehicles for each year. Results of the analysis showed that the proportion of vehicles involved in road accidents decreased from 16 in 1996 to 0.89 in 2006, the injured persons reduced from 15.58 in 1998 to 0.3 in 2006 and the death rate diminished from 4.45 in 1998 to 0.1 in 2006. These represented 94.4 %, 95 % and 95 % improvement respectively on road traffic safety. It can therefore be concluded that the inclusions of ASS into design of modern vehicles had improved road safety in Nigeria automotive industry.

scholarly journals Modeling the Complexity of Road Accidents Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Alex Kizito ◽  
Agnes Rwashana Semwanga
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Synthesis ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Synthesis Methodology

Simplistic representations of traffic safety disregard the dynamic interactions between the components of the road transport system (RTS). The resultant road accident (RA) preventive measures are consequently focused almost solely on individual/team failures at the sharp end of the RTS (mainly the road users). The RTS is complex and therefore cannot be easily understood by studying the system parts in isolation. The study modeled the occurrence of road accidents in Uganda using the dynamic synthesis methodology (DSM). This article presents the work done in the first three stages of the DSM. Data was collected from various stakeholders including road users, traffic police officers, road users, and road constructors. The study focused on RA prevention by considering the linear and non-linear interactions of the variables during the pre-crash phase. Qualitative models were developed and from these, key leverage points that could possibly lower the road accident incidences demonstrating the need for a shared system wide responsibility for road safety at all levels are suggested.

scholarly journals Modelling road traffic safety indices by means of regression with panel data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-51
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Brzozowska-Rup ◽  
Marzena Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Traffic Safety ◽  
Safety Indices ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Although the occurrence of road accidents and the number of road accident casualties in almost all Polish voivodeships has decreased over the last few years, the rate of this change varies considerably from region to region. To provide a better understanding of such a tendency, panel data regression models are proposed to conduct this pilot research which evaluates the relative performance of Polish regions in terms of their road traffic safety. Panel data are multi-dimensional data which involve measurements over time. In the research, a voivodeship is a unit analysed at a group level, whereas a year is a unit analysed at a time level. A two-way error component regression model has been applied to survey the impact of regressors, the group effects, and time effects on a dependent variable. The analysis has been conducted using data acquired from the Statistics Poland Local Data Bank website, as well as from the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways. The panel data from 16 regions in Poland and the 2012–2018 period have been investigated. The examined models refer to road traffic safety indices defined based on the following characteristics: the number of road accidents, the number road fatalities, and the number of people injured. The results of all the three models indicate a negative effect as regards the GDP per capita, (car) motorisation rate, the indicator of government expenditure for current maintenance of national roads, and the road length per capita. A positive association has been found between the truck motorisation rate and the indicator of local government expenditure on roads. The impact of the region's urbanisation indicators on road safety is ambiguous as, on the one hand, its increase causes a reduction in the road accident and accident injury indices, but, on the other hand, it produces a rise in the accident fatality index. In the models, the significance of time effects has been identified; a decreasing time trend suggests a general improvement in road safety from year to year. Most of the group effects have turned out to be highly significant. However, the effects differ as regards both the road accident and the accident injury indices in magnitude and direction.

scholarly journals Przedsiębiorczość a bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 270-277
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Ożdżyński
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
National Council ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
National Education ◽  
The Road ◽  
Government Institutions

The article presents examples of activities and enterprising attitudes researched by the author in the field of the enterprise in the improvement of the road safety.  There are also presented the examples of enterprising activities of many institutions interested in this matter - from government-institutions, including the Department of the National Education, the Department of Transport and Building, the National Council of Traffic Safety, provincial Centres of Road Traffic, the Police and schools, to the over government institutions like European Parliament and Council and private driving schools.  The author presents the system of education about traffic safety - puts emphasis on activities of the driving schools - as an example of enterprising activities. The article gives examples of protecting pedestrians in road accidents. The article compares also the chosen indicators concerning traffic accidents in Poland and in chosen countries of the European Union in years 2000-2004.

scholarly journals Implementation of modern tools for the improvement of the road infrastructure on the Trans-European road network – road safety inspection (RSI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
Miladin Nešić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Mirjana Ilić ◽  
Ivana Andrijanić ◽  
Mirko Koković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Law ◽  
On The Road

The European Directive on the Road Infrastructure Safety Improvement (2008/96/EC) has established the implementation of appropriate procedures as the basic tools for improving the road infrastructure on the trans-European road network. The Law on Roads (2018) prescribes the implementation of the following procedures: Road safety impact assessment; Road safety audit; Road safety inspection; Risk mapping; Black spot identification; and In depth road accident studies. The Law on Roads also prescribes that the Minister will prescribe the manner of implementation and the contents of the Evaluation, Audit and Independent Assessment reports, as well as the manner of determining the major risk portions and the identification and ranking of hazardous sites (black spots). Since the method of implementation and the content of the report are not yet prescribed, the authors contributed in this paper to defining the manner of implementation and content of the traffic safety report on the example of the section of the highway, as the highest category of state road. In the framework of the training of auditors and auditors, among others, a pilot project was carried out for the safety of traffic on the part of the E-75 (A1) highway, about 2,7 km ahead of the Mali Požarevac loop, including the loop. The verified part of the highway also includes a ramp with a toll ramp, service facility, overpass, bridge, etc., so the selected checked part is representative for defining a recommendation for the mode of implementation and the model for the preparation of the report.

scholarly journals Quantitative and incidental analysis of road accidents No. (6) Section (1)

2017 ◽  
Vol 221 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-124
Author(s):  
Dr. Jamal Hamed Rashid Al Dulaimi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
Geographic Factors ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Spatial analysis of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' Represent traffic accidents and the resulting human and material losses with significant implications for the national economy through the resulting from the steadily growing in accidents. The purpose of the preparation of this message, highlighting the importance of the road to Baghdad - Cote in between Baghdad and Khafezh Wasit and cons of accidents and the problems caused by the extent of their capacity to satisfy the need of users in the study area private towing General because this road is a product of the development in the study area , reaching Total length of road ( 172 / km) a reflection of the level of development and economic activity, which reached the region as well as the fact that this road is the basis for the implementation of many projects of economic and development across the two provinces and Iraq also aimed message to determine the extent of the impact of geographic factors positively and negatively on the network, in order to finding the relationship between the road as a phenomenon of geography and the surroundings of the elements of natural and human in its schedule, and the aim of this study was to determine the characteristics and features and follow the development dimensions of the road , and explore patterns in the light of the changes spatial in the  territory of the study and evaluation of geography as a reflection of the extent of its development economically and socially in the study area,In order to achieve these goals varied ways curriculum known followed by the researcher , in keeping with the nature of the topics in the course of the search, The study of traffic accidents on the road to Baghdad - Cote d' distribution and causes and effects that appear as a result of such incidents so contained study carries four chapters and ensure each chapter , including a number of detective first chapter three detectives , first , for example , use historical approach when pursuing the origins and evolution of roads and the second part the use of the curriculum fundamentalist , which dealt with geographical factors that have affected the road network , which turned out to be an impact and role in causing the accident and then in Section III of the research study of human factors and their impact on the way the study area and traffic accidents.                  

scholarly journals Identification of Road Accident by using Black Spot Method Between Panthaghati to Dhalli Road

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 723-728
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Black Spots

In India road accidents are very serious problem because of large population and high traffic density of vehicles. Most of the road accidents occur mainly due to the negligence of driver and poor infrastructure only a few accidents occur due to the technical error of vehicles. The main purpose of this research paper is prevention of road traffic accidents and improvement of road safety in Shimla. Road safety is very important aspect of today’s life, so it is important that everybody should aware about road safety. To do this study a section of 12km length is chosen between Panthaghati to Dhalli in district Shimla on NH 5 where accidents black spots are identified for the section by analyzing secondary data used to prevent road accidents. In this study primary data is used for observing the road conditions and secondary data is used to find accidents black spot. Black Spot is a point or a place on the road where road accident occurs repeatedly one after another which is known as accident black spot. To identify these black spots we use weighted severity index (WSI) method. It is one the most reliable and effective method for determining the most proven accidents black spots. Shimla is a hilly area and it has narrow roads, blind curve and black spots which increase the chances of road traffic accidents. In past recent years road traffic accidents are increasing in Shimla and this study deals with identification of major issues causing road traffic accidents. This research paper helps to improve the road safety in Shimla because in this study the analysis has been done to identify the major problems responsible for gradually increasing road accidents. This research paper is also used in future research paper as reference purpose and it will also provide an overview to other researchers who want do their research on similar kind of topics.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF TRAFFIC COLLISIONS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VEHICLES BREAKDOWNS

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-431
Author(s):  
A. Koshkarov
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effect Relationship ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Operation Rules ◽  
Traffic Collision ◽  
Continuous Work

Issues related to the investigation of traffic collisions in criminal proceedings and establishment of cause and effect relationship between vehicles breakdowns are considered. The purposes and tasks of the vehicle inspection by an investigator are defined. The procedure for the appointment of a technical condition examination in criminal proceedings during the investigation of a traffic collision is indicated. The issues that are resolved while road-accident analysis of vehicles technical condition are examined. The possible conclusions of the forensic examination after establishing the vehicle technical condition at the time of the accident are drawn and evaluation of these findings is given. Investigations and trials on criminal cases related to traffic collisions, as well as investigating authorities and court decisions on the issues of violations by drivers of the requirements of Traffic Rules, Technical Operation Rules, require the mandatory establishment of the systems technical condition that affect the safety of vehicles. Currently, police officers and investigators do not have a clear, scientifically substantiated methodology for checking the technical condition of vehicle systems, and the protocol form for examining and checking the technical condition of vehicles is imperfect. Many years of forensic examinations experience in forensic institutions of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and continuous work with these documents indicate that there was almost no case when an inspection report was filled in correctly and contained reasonable and comprehensive information on the technical condition of the vehicle involved in a traffic accident. In connection with the above, the consideration of the traffic accident investigation that arose as a result of a vehicle breakdown is becoming increasingly relevant. In addition, it is advisable to highlight the scientific and technological progress that entails the development of new methods for forensic experts who are involved in criminal proceedings during investigation of traffic collisions. The initiation of criminal proceedings on the fact of a traffic collision and the establishment of cause and effect relationships between vehicle breakdowns has a number of peculiarities inherent only to this corpus delicti, but application of special knowledge in the field of automotive equipment, namely, interaction of investigative actions with forensic experts allows the investigation to establish a cause and effect relationship between identified vehicle breakdowns and the occurrence of a traffic collision, and most importantly to identify that a person driving a vehicle violated Vehicle Operation Rules in the event of a traffic collision.

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